No abstract available.
Oocytes* ; Pregnancy* ; Spermatozoa*

Although basic mechanisms of atopic dermatitis remain largely speculative, many studies on pathogenesis suggest the importance of food and inhalent allergens. To evaluate the frequency of food and house dust mite hypersensitivity and differences in this frequency according to ages, we measured the levels of specific IgE antibodies to egg white, egg yolk, milk, soy, and house dust mites in 119 children with atopic dermatitis. The results showed that 53% of patients had positive RAST to any one kind of allergens. The frequency of food and house dust mite hypersensitivity were 34.5%, 30.3 %, respectively. Among allergens, house dust mites and egg white are the most prevalent allergens in all atopic dermatitis patients. The Prevalence of egg white is most common under the age of 2 years, but those of house dust mites are the dust mites are the highest in the ages of 5-12 years. In conclusion, we recommend an egg restriction diet in atopic dermatitis patients who are less than 2 years old when their symptoms do not improve with general skin care.
Allergens ; Antibodies ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Diet ; Dust* ; Egg White ; Egg Yolk ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Mites ; Ovum ; Prevalence ; Pyroglyphidae* ; Skin Care ; Soy Milk

BACKGROUND: There is a long-standing controversy whether melanocytes in vitiligo of more than 1 year duration are actually lost or still present. Resolving this matter is essential in understanding the underlying pathology and for the development of the treatment. On previous immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of vitiligo lesions, damage of melanocyte and keratinocyte in early lesions were reported and complete absence of melanocyte in long standing lesions were known. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the existence of the differences in pathologic changes in melanocytes according to the duration of the lesion. METHODS: We investigated the vitiliginous skin samples from 31 patients with early(less than 1 year duration) vitiligo and 30 patients with long standing(l to 5 years duration) vitiligo under the electron microscopy. RESULTS: Multiple degenerative changes in melanocytes were observed in the early and long standing lesions. In long standing lesions, degeneration of melanocytes including pyknotic, in-dented nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasms and blunted dendrites were more pronounced than early lesions. Even in long standing lesions, definite or presumptive melanocytes were observed in 16(53.3%) of 30 cases. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the melanocytes of vitiligo lesions were damaged and that the percentage of degenerative changes increase in accordance with the duration of the lesion. However, in long standing lesions as well as in early lesions, some residual melanocytes can be observed ultrastructurally.
Cytoplasm ; Dendrites ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Melanocytes ; Microscopy, Electron ; Pathology ; Skin ; Vitiligo*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate AIDS-specific knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of auxiliary police on duty in Seoul and to provide basic data for use in AIDS prevention education for auxiliary police. METHODS: In November 2008, we questioned 402 auxiliary police in the Mobile Police Force located in Seoul by using a self-administered questionnaire containing 39 items. RESULTS: Of the respondents, 98.5% were unmarried and scored, on average, 2.95+/-0.98 out of 4 with respect to their knowledge about the transmission routes of HIV infection. Approximately 70.6% of the respondents were sexually active in the past year and 6.3% were diagnosed with or treated for a venereal disease within the past year. Approximately 42.5% of the respondents had sex with someone other than their steady partner and 35.5% of these respondents did not use condom during sexual intercourse. Approximately 77% of the respondents were willing to be anonymously tested for HIV infection that may have been acquired because of unprotected sexual activity during the past year (P=0.018). CONCLUSION: Providing assertive education, as well as additional support and instructions, is necessary to raise awareness about the prevention of AIDS among auxiliary police.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Anonyms and Pseudonyms ; Coitus ; Condoms ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Police ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Single Person

No abstract available.
Intestinal Atresia*

Hydranencephaly is congenital absence of the cerebral hemispheres which are replaced by a large fluid-filled cavity. The brain stem and basal ganglia are well formed and rudiments of frontal k occipital cortex may be present. We experienced a case of hydranencephaly caused by both internal carotid artery stenosis. We diagnosed it through the brain CT sonogram and doppler sonogram. A brief review of the related literatures was made.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Brain Stem ; Carotid Artery, Internal* ; Carotid Stenosis* ; Cerebrum ; Hydranencephaly*

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Diagnostic Errors* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of relapse following orthognathic surgery and the relationship between preoperative state and the methods of orthognathic surgery in skeletal Class III patients. Thirty-one patients were selected(17 men, and 14 women) for this study, who had received orthognathic surgery(20 one jaw surgery, and 11 two jaw surgery). The mean age was 22.5 years. Their lateral cephalograms, that were taken preoperatively, immediate postoperatively and follow-up over one year, were traced and analysed. The results were as follows: 1. In two jaw surgery, mandibular length, lower facial height and lower lip length were 4.24mm, 4.64mm and 4.13mm longer than in one jaw surgery, respectively. But in two jaw surgery, overjet was 3.13mm shorter than in one jaw surgery. 2. In one jaw surgery, mandible was moved back 8.95+/-4.45mm at B point. In two jaw surgery, maxilla was moved forward 5.l5+/-3.46mm and mandible was moved back 7.24+/-9.llmm at B point. 3. Between postoperation and follow-up over one year, A point, A' point, Pn and Sn were moved backward 1.02+/-2.14mm, 1.73+/-1.63mm, 1.05+/-1.48mm and 1.55+/-1.37mm in two jaw surgery, respectively. 4. Between postoperation and follow-up over one year, in one jaw surgery, B point was moved forward 2.58+/-4.22mm and B' point was moved forward 1.95+/-4.39mm. In two jaw surgery, B point was moved forward 0.65+/-2.88mm and B' point was moved forward 0.19+/-3.32mm. In one jaw surgery, relapse rate was 28% at B point and 24% at B' point, whereas in two jaw surgery, relapse rate was 8% at B point and 3% at B' point.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Jaw* ; Lip ; Male ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Orthognathic Surgery* ; Recurrence*

This study was undertaken to investigate the distribution of the chewing side preference and variations in the maximum bite force and facial morphology according to chewing side preference since unilateral chewing may cause morphologic and functional anomalies. 50 dental students who had no signs or symptoms of masticatory system and Angle's Class I relationship in posterior segments were selected, and divided into two groups, that is, 25 in bilateral chewing group(19 male and 6 female) and 25 in unilateral chewing group(10 male and 15 female). Maximum bite force was estimated and posteroanterior cephalogram were measured and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows: 1. There were more students with bilateral chewing side preference(68%) and unilateral chewing side group consisted of right side preference(68%) and left side preference(32%). 2. There was no significant difference in the strength of max. bite force between the right and left side in bilateral chewing group. The bite force of the chewing side was greater in the unilateral chewing group but less in the non-chewing side compared to those of bilateral chewing group with no significant difference. Max. bite force of chewing side was greater than that of non-chewing side in the unilateral chewing group(Female : p<0.05). Max. bite force of males was about twice in that of females in both groups(p<0.05). Max. bite force of chewing side of the unilateral chewing group was similar to that of the bilateral chewing group, but that of non-chewing side was less than that of the bilateral chewing group. 3. In comparison of the facial morphology, there was no statistically significant difference in the size between the right and left side of the bilateral chewing group and between chewing and non-chewing side of the unilateral chewing group.
Bite Force* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mastication* ; Stomatognathic System ; Students, Dental

So far, most research studying the causality of autism has focused on neurobiological or psychological aspects. However, most studies have dealt with only proximal causality of autism, and there is little research on its ultimate causality. 'Evolutionary perspective', which has received attention recently in various academic fields, suggests several theories regarding the ultimate causality of autism. We reviewed different theories on the evolution of autism, and discussed both the merits and the limitations of the theories.
Autistic Disorder*