No abstract available.
HIV* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula*

A 30-year old female had proximal muscle weakness, periungal telangiectasia and purplish red erythema and edema on the face. Diagnosis of dermatomyositis was estabiiished by clinical manifestations, muscle enzyme study, electromyogram, histologic findings of skin and muscle. She was treated with systemic steroid with some improvemellt. About 1 year after the onset of dermatomyositis, aggravated skin lesion and exophthalmos were noted on right eyelid. Orbit computerized tomography scan showed maxillary carcinoma. She treated with systemic steroid, 5-fluorouracil and cis-platin with partial remission and some improvement of dermatomyositis.
Adult ; Dermatomyositis* ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Erythema ; Exophthalmos ; Eyelids ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Muscle Weakness ; Orbit ; Skin ; Telangiectasis

161 patients with tibia fracture were treated by closed intramedullary nailing at the department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eul-Ji General hospital, Dae Jeon, during 5 years from January, 1988 to April, 1993. 134 of these patients were performed with Kiintscher IM nailing and 27 patients with Ender nailing. Rigid IM nailing is the method of choice in tibia shaft fracture with rigid fixation, low complication, wide indication and early weight bearing, but the treatment of segmental fracture of the tibia will have many difficulties because of severe displacement, severe comminution, massive soft tissue damage and lack of blood supply at fracture site. Either antegrade or retrograde Ender nailing was of value for the management of segmental fracture which was too proximally or too dixtally located to insert interlocking screws, open fracture and soft tissue injury around Kiintscher insertion site. The result as fllows; 1. 43 fractures were open and 118 were closed. 69 fractures involved the distal portion, 55 fractures the middle portion, 13 fractures the proximal portion of the tibia and 24 fractures were segmental. 2. Among the 161 eases, 114 cases were male and 47 cases were female, the most common ages were ranged from 21 year to 30 year, involving 44 cases. 3. The most common cause was traffic accident. 4. Average intervals from injury to operation were 6.34 days(closed fracture) and 9.84 days(open fracture). 5. The mean durations of the bone union were 18.90 weeks(closed fracture) and 16.46 weeks(open fracture). 6. Complication included 7 cases delayed union, 3 cases nonunion, 8 cases superficial infection, 4 cases joint stiffness, 3 cases nail migration, 2 cases angular deformity, 2 cases rotational deformity, 1 cases osteomyelitis.
Accidents, Traffic ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Daejeon ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Open ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Joints ; Male ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Osteomyelitis ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tibia ; Weight-Bearing

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: This paper aims to demonstrate current health expenditure (CHE) and National Health Accounts of the years 2015 constructed according to the SHA2011, which is a new manual of System of Health Accounts (SHA) that was published jointly by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Eurostat, and World Health Organization in 2011. Comparison is made with international trends by collecting and analysing health accounts of OECD member countries. Particularly, financing public- private mix is parsed in depth using SHA data of both HF as financing schemes as well as FS (financing source) as their revenue types. METHODS: Data sources such as Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service's publications of both motor insurance and drugs are newly used to construct the 2015 National Health Accounts. In the case of private financing, an estimation of total expenditures for revenues by provider groups is made from the Economic Census data; and the household income and expenditure survey, Korean healthcare panel study, etc. are used to allocate those totals into functional classifications. RESULTS: CHE was 115.2 trillion won in 2015, which accounts for 7.4 percent of Korea's gross domestic product. It was a big increase of 9.3 trillion won, 8.8 percent, from the previous year. Government and compulsory schemes's share (or public share) of 56.4% of the CHE in 2015 was much lower than the OECD average of 72.6%. ‘Transfers from government domestic revenue’ share of total revenue of HF was 17.8% in Korea, lower than the other contribution-based countries. When it comes to ‘compulsory contributory health financing schemes,’‘Transfers from government domestic revenue’ share of 14.9% was again much lower compared to Japan (44.7%) and Belgium (34.8%) as contribution-based countries. CONCLUSION: Considering relatively lower public financing share in the inpatient care as well as overall low public financing share of total CHE, priorities in health insurance coverage need to be repositioned among inpatient care, outpatient care and drugs.
Ambulatory Care ; Belgium ; Censuses ; Classification ; Delivery of Health Care ; Family Characteristics ; Financing, Government ; Gross Domestic Product ; Health Expenditures* ; Healthcare Financing ; Humans ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Inpatients ; Insurance ; Insurance, Health ; Japan ; Korea* ; Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development ; World Health Organization

BACKGROUND: This paper aims to demonstrate current health expenditure (CHE) and National Health Accounts of the years 2015 constructed according to the SHA2011, which is a new manual of System of Health Accounts (SHA) that was published jointly by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Eurostat, and World Health Organization in 2011. Comparison is made with international trends by collecting and analysing health accounts of OECD member countries. Particularly, financing public- private mix is parsed in depth using SHA data of both HF as financing schemes as well as FS (financing source) as their revenue types. METHODS: Data sources such as Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service's publications of both motor insurance and drugs are newly used to construct the 2015 National Health Accounts. In the case of private financing, an estimation of total expenditures for revenues by provider groups is made from the Economic Census data; and the household income and expenditure survey, Korean healthcare panel study, etc. are used to allocate those totals into functional classifications. RESULTS: CHE was 115.2 trillion won in 2015, which accounts for 7.4 percent of Korea's gross domestic product. It was a big increase of 9.3 trillion won, 8.8 percent, from the previous year. Government and compulsory schemes's share (or public share) of 56.4% of the CHE in 2015 was much lower than the OECD average of 72.6%. ‘Transfers from government domestic revenue’ share of total revenue of HF was 17.8% in Korea, lower than the other contribution-based countries. When it comes to ‘compulsory contributory health financing schemes,’‘Transfers from government domestic revenue’ share of 14.9% was again much lower compared to Japan (44.7%) and Belgium (34.8%) as contribution-based countries. CONCLUSION: Considering relatively lower public financing share in the inpatient care as well as overall low public financing share of total CHE, priorities in health insurance coverage need to be repositioned among inpatient care, outpatient care and drugs.
Ambulatory Care ; Belgium ; Censuses ; Classification ; Delivery of Health Care ; Family Characteristics ; Financing, Government ; Gross Domestic Product ; Health Expenditures* ; Healthcare Financing ; Humans ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Inpatients ; Insurance ; Insurance, Health ; Japan ; Korea* ; Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development ; World Health Organization

A new manual of System of Health Accounts (SHA) 2011, was published jointly by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Eurostat, and World Health Organization in 2011. This offers more complete coverage than the previous version, SHA 1.0, within the functional classification in areas such as prevention and a precise approach for tracking financing in the health care sector using the new classification of financing schemes. This paper aims to demonstrate current health expenditure (CHE) and National Health Accounts of the years 1970-2014 constructed according to the SHA2011. Data sources for public financing include budget and settlement documents of the government, various statistics from the National Health Insurance, and others. In the case of private financing, an estimation of total revenue by provider groups is made from the Economic Census data and the household income and expenditure survey, Korean healthcare panel study, etc. are used to allocate those totals into functional classifications. CHE was 105 trillion won in 2014, which accounts for 7.1% of Korea's gross domestic product. It was a big increase of 7.7 trillion won, 7.9%, from the previous year. Public share (government and compulsory schemes) accounting for 56.5% of the CHE in 2014 was still much lower than the OECD average of about 73%. With these estimates, it is possible to compare health expenditures of Korea and other countries better. Awareness and appreciation of the need and gains from applying SHA2011 for the health expenditure classification are expected to increase as OECD health expenditure figures get more frequently quoted among health policy makers.
Budgets ; Censuses ; Classification ; Delivery of Health Care ; Family Characteristics ; Financing, Government ; Gross Domestic Product ; Health Care Sector ; Health Expenditures* ; Health Policy ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Korea* ; National Health Programs ; Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development ; World Health Organization

Almost all colorectal carcinomas have been thought to develop from pre-existing adenomas. However, some colorectal carcinomas can arise directly from normal flat mucosa, and usually form infiltrative mass at the early stage. The carcinogenesis of this infiltrative carcinoma may be different from the well-known adenoma-carcinoma sequence, which usually forms a polypoid mass. The purpose of this study is to investigate the different expression of various oncogenes in polypoid carcinoma and infiltrative carcinoma. We performed immunohistochemical staining on p53, bcl-2, c-erbB-2 and MIB-1 in 29 polypoid carcinomas arised from adenomas, and 21 infiltrative carcinomas. The average tumor size of infiltrative carcinomas (5.5 cm) was larger than that of polypoid carcinomas (3.1 cm), and the polypoid carcinomas were differentiated more than the infiltrative carcinomas. The results of p53, bcl-2, c-erbB-2, and MIB-1 antisera immunoreactivity in the polypoid carcinoma were 79%, 17%, 21%, and 100%, and those in the infiltrative carcinoma were 71%, 29%, 29%, and 100%, respectively. However the diffuse positivities of p53 and MIB-1 antisera were slightly higher in the infiltraive carcinomas (62%, 76%) than in the polypoid carcinomas (55%, 41%) (p=0.63, 0.01). And the results of p53 and c-erbB-2 immunoreactivity in the adenomas were 52% and 17%, respectively, which is significantly lower than that in the polypoid carcinoma(p=0.03, 0.74). The immunoreactivty of bcl-2 in the adenoma was 72%, which was significantly higher than that in the polypoid carcinoma (17%) (p<0.01). In summary, we did not show the significant difference in expression of p53, bcl-2, c-erbB-2, and MIB-1 proteins between polypoid and infiltrative carcinomas. However, the tendency of infiltrative carcinomas having a more aggressive nature suggests another carcinogenetic mechanism is involved in the colorectal carcinogenesis.
Adenoma ; Carcinogenesis ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Immune Sera ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Mucous Membrane ; Oncogenes

BACKGROUND: According to increased availability and awareness of automated blood bank analyzer with its speed and efficiency, use of automated analyzer in hospital blood bank has been increasing rapidly. We compared the ABO blood group typing results between automated analyzer IH-500 and manual method in healthy adults and patients with ABO discrepancies to provide useful information on interpretation of blood grouping results by automated analyzer. METHODS: Among healthy adults who underwent medical examinations, 400 samples (each 100 samples of A, B, O and AB type) were selected and evaluated the results and grades of blood grouping by automated and manual methods. Also, 50 samples showing ABO discrepancies among patients requested for pretransfusion test were selected and compared between two methods. As for samples with ABO discrepancies, further tests such as microscopic examination, reactivity with anti-A1 or ABO genotyping along with medical record review were performed. RESULTS: Agglutination results and grades in healthy adults were consistent between two methods. Meanwhile, 30 (60%) of ABO discrepant samples were related to rouleaux formation and their frequencies and agglutination grades were higher in automated method (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P=0.001). Results of discrepant samples caused by unexpected antibody or ABO subgroup showed no differences between two methods. CONCLUSION: IH-500 automated analyzer was considered useful for mass examination of healthy individuals. Meanwhile, considering the fact that ABO discrepancies by rouleaux formation were more frequent and stronger in automated method, it is recommended to retest their results by manual methods along with medical record review.
Adult ; Agglutination ; Blood Banks* ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Methods*