Purpose: The study investigated the results of direct surgical scleral depression using four ports and the chandelier lighting system in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Methods: Anatomical and functional success rates and complications were analyzed in 179 eyes diagnosed with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment that underwent primary vitrectomy using four ports at our hospital between March 2012 and February 2022. Results: A total of 168 (93.9%) eyes had anatomical success without reoperation while 11 (6.1%) developed recurrence. However, the final success rate was 100%. The best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly from logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) 1.03 ± 0.92 to logMAR 0.24 ± 0.39 after surgery (p < 0.001). Complications included a temporary increase in the intraocular pressure (n = 3, 1.7%), leakage through the scleral incision (n = 2, 1.1%), hyphema and vitreous hemorrhage (n = 10, 5.6%), and iatrogenic retinal break (n = 1, 0.6%), but these improved after treatment. Conclusions Four-port vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in which scleral depression is directly performed using the chandelier lighting system is a useful surgical method. It allows effective visualization of the peripheral retina regardless of the assistant’s proficiency which results in a more meticulous surgery. The anatomical and functional results of this technique were similar to the conventional technique.

Oculogyric crisis is an acute dystonia involving ocular muscles characterized by sustained conjugate upward or lateral deviation of the eyes. Metronidazole is a commonly used antimicrobial agent in treatment of anaerobic infections. However, its long-term use can cause toxic encephalopathy particularly in patients with hepatic dysfunction. Here, we describe a case of oculogyric crisis as a presenting manifestation of metronidazole-induced encephalopathy.
Brain Diseases ; Dystonia ; Humans ; Metronidazole ; Muscles ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes

Purpose: We report a first case of traction retinal detachment accompanied by ocular syphilis in Korea.Case summary: A 20-year-old male visited with poor left-eye vision. His best-corrected visual acuity was 0.3; no inflammation was evident in the anterior chamber, but many inflammatory cells were found in the vitreous cavity. Fundus examination revealed inferior exudative and tractional retinal detachment. Optical coherence tomography revealed an epiretinal membrane; fluorescein angiography showed that the inferior (detached) retina did not fluoresce. Syphilis was serologically detected; ceftriaxone (2 g daily) was intravenously injected for 14 days. The vitreous cavity inflammation improved, but the tractional membrane proliferation triggered tractional retinal detachment. We performed vitrectomy to remove the tractional membrane and prescribed intravitreal antibiotics. The patient was discharged after intravenous injection of penicillin G (20 MU daily) for 14 days. Three months after surgery, the best-corrected left-eye visual acuity had improved to 0.8, and no recurrence of the retinal detachment was noted. Conclusions Patients with ocular syphilis may evidence retinal detachment despite initial prescription of systemic antibiotics. A possible need for surgery should be kept in mind; the prognosis is good if an operation is performed in a timely manner.

Fluconazole is a triazole-based first-generation antifungal agent and has excellent effects on candidiasis and cryptococcosis. Hypersensitivity has been reported as a side effect of fluconazole. A 76-year-old female patient used fluconazole for consolidation therapy for cryptococcal meningitis, but showed delayed hypersensitivity with skin rashes and itching sensation of the whole body. For desensitization, was attempted by administering 12-step, 1:1 fluconazole solutions were administered intravenously at sequentially increasing infusion rates. After successful quick desensitization to fluconazole, fluconazole was continuously used as a consolidation therapy for cryptococcal meningitis. We herein report a case of delayed hypersensitivity reaction to fluconazole in consolidation therpy with cryptococcal meningitis who successfully completed desensitization.
Aged ; Candidiasis ; Cryptococcosis ; Exanthema ; Female ; Fluconazole ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Meningitis, Cryptococcal ; Pruritus ; Sensation

Nizatidine is a histamine H₂ receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production and is commonly used in the treatment of peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux. H₂ receptor antagonists are typically well tolerated, and hypersensitivity reactions are rare. A 19-year-old woman developed urticaria 30 minutes after taking a drug containing nizatidine. Allergic reactions to nizatidine were confirmed via skin prick test, which also revealed cross-reactions to ranitidine. We believe that this is the first case report on immediate hypersensitivity to nizatidine in Korea.
Female ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Histamine ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; Korea ; Nizatidine ; Peptic Ulcer ; Ranitidine ; Skin ; Stomach ; Urticaria ; Young Adult

Estimation of an individual's age has received considerable attention in forensic science. Several methods have been described, and abundant results have been obtained and evaluated. Among the numerous methods for dental age prediction in adults, the progressive diminution of the coronal pulp cavity and dental attrition have been primarily used. Although the reliability of age estimation methods using teeth has been demonstrated, correlation between methods has not been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate concurrence between Drusini's methods. We reanalyzed the age of 107 patients (64 male, 43 female) using Drusini's method. The ages had been previously estimated as ranging from 24 to 69 years using Takei's method. Our results revealed a strong correlation between the two methods (r=0.762) and suggest both methods to be suitable for application in Korean individuals younger than 50 years old. A previous study has shown Takei's and Drusini's methods to be reliable for forensic purposes. The strong correlation between the two methods in the present study suggests that it would be reasonable to use the most appropriate method for age estimation dependent on oral state.
Adult* ; Age Determination by Teeth ; Forensic Dentistry ; Forensic Sciences ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Matched-Pair Analysis ; Tooth ; Tooth Attrition

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) using doxorubicin-eluting beads (DEBs) have been introduced as a novel device which ensures more sustained and tumor-selective drug delivery and permanent embolization compared to conventional TACE with lipiodol. Studies highlighting the use of TACE with DEBs for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have shown similar or better results compared to conventional TACE with lipiodol. TACE with DEBs is increasingly being performed interchangeably with conventional TACE. This review assessed the characteristics, clinical outcomes and future direction of TACE with DEBs compared to conventional TACE.
Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage/chemistry ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*therapy ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Ethiodized Oil/chemistry ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/*therapy