Background: To test the hypothesis that Galphas gene mutation may suppress the expression of TRH-R gene, we investigated whether hTRH-R gene expression is lower in human GH-secreting pituitary adenomas with Galphas mutation than in tumors without the mutation. Method: TRH-induced paradoxical response of GH was observed in 8 acromegalic patients. The mutation of gene was identified by direct sequencing of the genomic DNA prepared from GH-secreting pituitary adenomas. The expression of hTRHT mRNA was quantitated by RT-PCR. Results: The transcript of hTRH-R gene was detected in 6 of 8(75%) tumors. Three of these(50%) showed the paradoxical GH response to TRH and the other three patients did not show the response. The relative expression of hTRH-R mRNA in the tumors from patients with the paradoxical response of GH to TRH did not differ from that in the tumors from patients without the paradoxical response. Direct PCR sequencing of Galphas disclosed a mutant allele and a normal allele only at codon 201 in 4 of 8 tumors. The paradoxical response to TRH was observed in 2 of 4 patients without the mutation, and 2 of 4 patients with the mutation. The hTRH-R gene expression of pituitary adenomas did not differ between the tumors without the mutation and those with mutation. Conclusion: This study suggests that the expression of TRH-R gene is not likely to be a main determinant for the paradoxical response of GH to TRH, and that Galphas mutation does not seem to suppress the gene expression of TRH-R in GH secreting adenoma.
Acromegaly ; Adenoma* ; Alleles ; Codon ; DNA ; Gene Expression ; Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; Humans ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; RNA, Messenger

Background: and Purpose This study aimed to investigate the applicability of deep learning (DL) model using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data to predict the severity of aphasia at an early stage in acute stroke patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with aphasia caused by acute ischemic stroke in the left middle cerebral artery territory, who visited Asan Medical Center between 2011 and 2013. To implement the DL model to predict the severity of post-stroke aphasia, we designed a deep feed-forward network and utilized the lesion occupying ratio from DWI data and established clinical variables to estimate the aphasia quotient (AQ) score (range, 0 to 100) of the Korean version of the Western Aphasia Battery. To evaluate the performance of the DL model, we analyzed Cohen’s weighted kappa with linear weights for the categorized AQ score (0–25, very severe; 26–50, severe; 51–75, moderate; ≥76, mild) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient for continuous values. Results: We identified 225 post-stroke aphasia patients, of whom 176 were included and analyzed. For the categorized AQ score, Cohen’s weighted kappa coefficient was 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42 to 0.76; P<0.001). For continuous AQ score, the correlation coefficient between true AQ scores and model-estimated values was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.55 to 0.83; P<0.001). Conclusions DL approaches using DWI data may be feasible and useful for estimating the severity of aphasia in the early stage of stroke.

PURPOSE: Thrombopoietin (TPO) has been currently used for ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells. Previously, we have reported that TPO induces apoptosis during ex vivo expansion of cord blood CD34 cells. In this study, we have investigated the stem cell factor (SCF) to determine whether it affects the TPO-induced apoptosis. METHPDS: CD34+ cells, purified from four separate human cord bloods by magnetic bead selection, were expanded in Iscoves modified Dulbeccos medium with several cytokines. Apoptosis has been confirmed by several ways; 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD) or annexin V staining, and morphologic analysis with light and electron microscopic examinations. And cell maturation was also analysed with DNA staining. RESULTS: Apoptosis was reached peak (67.8+/-5.24% of total cells) at day 9 in the cultures with TPO alone. Morphological examination of Giemsa-stained cytospin preparations revealed many immature cells with cytoplasmic blebbing and eccentric nuclei. However, multilobed nuclei were rarely observed while bilobed nuclei were frequently observed. These results suggest that premature senescence occurs in the megakaryocytic cells before full polyploidization. SCF was affective for the TPO-induced apoptosis; the peak apoptotic fraction was significantly decreased to 37.2+/-3.31% at day 9. In the cultures with SCF, the fractions of CD41+ cells were also decreased in parallel with decrease in apoptosis. Notwithstanding reduction of differentiation into megakaryocytic lineage, polyploidization(> 6N) in CD41 cell faction was significantly increased in the cultures with SCF at day 9 and day 11, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that SCF inhibits premature senescence of the differentiating cells of megakaryocytic lineage during ex vivo expansion using TPO.
Aging* ; Annexin A5 ; Apoptosis ; Blister ; Cytokines ; Cytoplasm ; DNA ; Fetal Blood* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans* ; Megakaryocytes* ; Polyploidy ; Stem Cell Factor* ; Stem Cells* ; Thrombopoietin*

Nickel and chromium are two major metals used in the alloys of most orthodontic appliances. But these metals are known to cause hypersensitivity, dermatitis, and asthma. In addition, a significant carcinogenic and mutagenic potential has been demonstrated for compounds containing these metals. The purpose of this study was to find out how much nickel and chromium was released from orthodontic appliances, and which factors would influence the release. The simulated orthodontic appliances were constructed for a half of a mandibular arch and incubated in 0.05% NaCl solution at 37degrees C. Nickel and chromium release was quantified with an Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectroanalyzer. The results were as follows : 1. From simulated orthodontic appliances, nickel was released 9.83-70.0microgram/day but the release of chromium was not detectable in limit of 10ppb. 2. The amount of nickel release was significantly different between the types of appliances. 3. The galvanic condition increased the amount of nickel release, which was not statistically significant. 4. The sand blasting increased the amount of nickel release, which was also not statistically significant.
Alloys ; Asthma ; Chromium* ; Dermatitis ; Hypersensitivity ; Metals ; Nickel* ; Orthodontic Appliances* ; Plasma ; Silicon Dioxide

Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS) is a rare neoplasm that is frequently located in the distal extremities. Emerging evidence suggests that MIFS can also affect the proximal limbs, trunk, and scalp, and aggressive clinical courses have been noted. We report a case of MIFS that occurred suddenly in the patient’s forearm and grew rapidly within 2 weeks. A level of Ki-67 was observed in the patient’s lesion, which constitutes a considerable finding compared with most MIFS cases. The patient underwent surgical tumor removal, and no evidence of recurrence was noted. We highlight this case in view of its sudden occurrence and rapid local progression, which contradicts the usual features of this disease, suggesting that this clinical course might be attributable to the high Ki-67 value.

Mediastinal teratomas are rare and represent less than 10 per cent of all mediastinal tumors. Almost all arise in the anterosuperior mediastinal compartment, and most symptoms, when present, result from compression of adjacent structures. They contain different tissues derived from all three germinal layers, with the prevalence of ectodermal elements which can include hair, teeth and sebaceous material. Benign teratomas may rupture into adjacent organs. Up to 36% of all mediastinal teratomas rupture, most frequently into the lung and bronchial tree, followed by the pleural space, pericardial space, or great vessels. The signs and symptoms of a ruptured teratoma vary with the structures involved. We report a case of mediastinal teratoma ruptured spontaneously in a 18 year old female who experienced 4 or 5 times of hemoptysis for 1 year and sudden onset of pleural effusion, pericardial effusion and pneumonia.
Adolescent ; Ectoderm ; Female ; Hair ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Lung ; Mediastinum ; Pericardial Effusion ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumonia ; Prevalence ; Rupture ; Rupture, Spontaneous* ; Teratoma* ; Tooth

Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor in the liver, which is composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and adipose cells. The proportion of each component varies, making a diagnosis difficult. This paper reports a case of AML in the liver without adipose tissue, mimicking a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which was diagnosed by a surgical tissue biopsy. A 65-year-old woman was admitted for an evaluation of a hepatic mass that had been detected by ultrasonography. The serologic markers of viral hepatitis B and C were negative. The liver function tests and alpha fetoprotein level were within the normal limits. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 1.9 cm sized mass in segment 6 of the liver with early arterial enhancement and washout on the delayed phase accompanied by a rim-like enhancement, which is similar to the imaging findings of HCC. A frozen section examination during surgery indicated a hepatocellular neoplasm and suggested the possibility of HCC. On the other hand, the final pathologic diagnosis was epithelioid myoid type of AML with no adipose tissue component. The tumor cells were positive for human melanocyte B-45 and negative for cytokeratin and hepatocyte paraffin 1. This paper reports a very rare case of AML without adipose tissue in the liver mimicking HCC that was diagnosed by a surgical tissue biopsy.
Adipose Tissue ; Aged ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; Angiomyolipoma ; Biopsy ; Blood Vessels ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Frozen Sections ; Hand ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Keratins ; Liver Function Tests ; Liver ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Melanocytes ; Muscle, Smooth ; Paraffin ; Ultrasonography

Subungual metastasis resulting from internal malignancies is an extremely rare event. A few cases of subungual metastasis from lung cancer have been reported. However, subungual metastasis arising from lung cancer without any other form of distant metastases has not been reported. The misdiagnosis of a solitary subungual metastases as a benign inflammatory lesion is an important problem as it may cause the misdiagnosis of a lower stage of lung cancer. We may be reporting the first case of a subungual metastasis from lung cancer without any other distant metastases.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiography ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology ; Case Report ; Human ; Lung Neoplasms/radiography ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Male ; Middle Age ; Nails*/pathology ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Skin Neoplasms/secondary* ; Skin Neoplasms/pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Erlotinib (Tarceva(R)) has been considered to be a new, promising oral chemotherapy agent for local advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Erlotinib is regarded as relatively safe, but interstitial lung disease (ILD) related to erlotinib has been reported on an infrequent basis in Asia. We report an histologically confirmed case of recurrent erlotinib-induced ILD. Although, the patient was highly responsive to the first erlotinib treatment, the therapy was discontinued due to erlotinib-induced ILD. After intravenous high dose methylpredinisolone treatment, ILD was improved rapidly by radiologic studies, but the particular lung cancer re-emerged. We restarted the patient erlotinib on low-dose oral methylpredinisolone, resulting in a recurrence of erlotinib-induced ILD. Our case suggests that re-administration of erlotinib should be performed on a limited basis in patients that have developed ILD on previous use, even if a therapeutic effect can be estimated.
Asia ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Lung Neoplasms ; Quinazolines ; Recurrence ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride

Erlotinib (Tarceva(R)) has been considered to be a new, promising oral chemotherapy agent for local advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Erlotinib is regarded as relatively safe, but interstitial lung disease (ILD) related to erlotinib has been reported on an infrequent basis in Asia. We report an histologically confirmed case of recurrent erlotinib-induced ILD. Although, the patient was highly responsive to the first erlotinib treatment, the therapy was discontinued due to erlotinib-induced ILD. After intravenous high dose methylpredinisolone treatment, ILD was improved rapidly by radiologic studies, but the particular lung cancer re-emerged. We restarted the patient erlotinib on low-dose oral methylpredinisolone, resulting in a recurrence of erlotinib-induced ILD. Our case suggests that re-administration of erlotinib should be performed on a limited basis in patients that have developed ILD on previous use, even if a therapeutic effect can be estimated.
Asia ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Lung Neoplasms ; Quinazolines ; Recurrence ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride