PURPOSE:This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship with other clinicopath ologic factors and prognostic significance of tumor microvessel density in colorectal car cinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 71cases of primary colorectal carcinoma (Modified Astler-Coller stage B and C) were analysed retrospectively who underwent curative resection at Wonkwang university hospital from September, 1991 to September, 1993. Male was 39cases. Age under 60 years was 31cases. 5 year survival rates were 80% (50 cases) in stage B and 52.4% (21 cases) in stage C. Tumor microvessels were stained by immuno histochemical method using anti-CD31 on paraffine embedded tissues, and were counted within 10x objective field (about 0.74 mm2) in the area of the most intense neovascu larization. RESULTS: Mean microvessel Density (MVD) was 56.3+/-18.0 (range 19~128). MVD was 55.2 in 11 cases of nonrecurrent group and 73.5 in 10 cases of recurrent group in stage C (p=0.012). There was no significant association between MVD and other parameters such as age, sex, tumor location and size, CEA, lymph node metastasis, and survival. The 5 year survival rates of 33 cases of MVD< or =56 and 38 cases of MVD>56 were 84.9 and 60.5% respectively(p<0.05). 5 year survival rates of MVD< or =56 groups adjusted for age, sex, tumor location, differentiation, and recurrence were higher than those of >56 groups. 5 year survival rates of MVD < or =56 and >56 groups in stage C were 100% (5 cases) and 37.5% (16 cases) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION:Tumor microvessl density may have somewhat prognostic significance in colorectal carcinoma.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Microvessels* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

The purpose of this study was to find the distribution and measurement of compressive and tensile stress when intrusi- on arch wire is forced engage with upper canine and to analysis stress at each section through FEM. And we compare compressive and tensile ratio at each section. The results were as follows. 1. At FA point and cemento-enamel junction of upper canine, compressive and tensile force ratio is about the same. 2. At apex, compressive force is the four times as tensile force. ; In intrusion, we show root resorption at apex. 3. At Cemento-enamel junction, the compressive and tensile force show the maximun value except FA point.
Root Resorption

Cancer of the vulva accounts for approximately 0.5% of all gynecologic malignancies. At diagnosis, one-third of these cases is detected in an advanced stage (FIGO stages III, IV), and local extension of primary vulvar cancer may involve adjacent midline structures such as the clitoris, urethra, vagina, and anus. Initial surgical therapy of such locally advanced primary cancers may compromise the functional integrity of midline structures, necessitating ultraradical surgery including pelvic exenteration. In view of the relatively elderly age of the patients and the morbidity of this ultraradical dissection, concomitant chemoradiation therapy - that the efficacy had been proven in head and neck cancer, anal cancer has approached for patients with locally advanced vulvar cancer. We experienced a case of stage III vulvar cancer patient, who underwent concomitant chemoradiation therapy with 5-fluorouracil(FU) and cisplatin and who showed complete response. So, we report this case with brief review of the literatures.
Aged ; Anal Canal ; Anus Neoplasms ; Cisplatin ; Clitoris ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Pelvic Exenteration ; Urethra ; Vagina ; Vulvar Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma*

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an uncommon heritable disorder of elastin characterized by cutaneous, ocular and vascular abnormalities. Typical skin lesion shows yellowish papules and redundant skin folds on the neck, axilla and groin due to degeneration and calcification of elastic fibers in deep dermis. As in all heritable disorders of connective tissue, no curative therapy is presently know. Redundant and unsightly skin folds about the neck can be improved by surgery, but irregular papular lesion on skin does not improved by surgery. A-44-year-old female who had a skin lesion and angioid streak was treated as follows: Skin folds on the neck were excised successfully without any significant problem such as intraoperative bleeding, wound dehiscence or hypertrophic scar formation. To evaluate whether we could smooth the irregular skin surface due to multiple papules, laserbrasion with a SLT contack Nd:YAG laser system was performed experimentally on a limited area which was located on the right supracla-vicular area about 2 x 3cm in size. An acceptable aesthetic appearance was achieved with surgical excision 12 months after the operation. Biopsy of the laserbrasion site revealed disappearance of the calcium deposit. This study emphasizes the possibility of using laserbrasion in solving troblesome skin lesion of the PXE.
Angioid Streaks ; Axilla ; Biopsy ; Calcium ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Connective Tissue ; Dermis ; Elastic Tissue ; Elastin ; Female ; Groin ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Neck* ; Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum ; Skin ; Wounds and Injuries

Increasing the pH of local anesthetic solution with sodium bicarbonate has been known to hasten its onset of action. This study was designed to verify the effect of pH adjustment of bupivacaine on caudal anesthesia. Forty adult male patients having caudal block for perianal surgery were randomly assigned to four groups(n=l0) as follows. Group 1: control, 0.5% bupivacaine 20ml+0.6ml saline Group 2: 0.5% bupivacaine 20 ml+0.1% epinephrine 0.1 ml+0.5ml saline Group 3: 0.5 bupivacaine 20ml+5% sodium bicarbonate 0.5ml+0.1 ml saline Group 4: 0.5% bupivacaine 20 ml+5% sodium bicarbonate 0.5ml+0.1% epinephrine 0.1 ml The pH of prepared solution of each group is 6.23+/-0.032, 5.95+/-0.028, 7.35+/-0.054, 6.92+/-0.067 respectively. The time of onset of anesthesia (time between the completion of anesthetic injection and loss of temperature sensation at S4, S5 dermatome) was significantly rapid in group 3 followed by group 4. The time of onset of surgical anesthesia (time between the completion of anesthetic injection and loss of pain sensation by pin-prick test at S4, S5 dermatome) was significantly rapid in group 3.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Caudal* ; Bupivacaine* ; Epinephrine ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration* ; Male ; Sensation ; Sodium Bicarbonate

A possible therapeutic effect of acetyl-L carnitine (ALCAR) on peripheral nerve injuries and the expression of Jun, the protein products of immediate-early genes(IEGs), in the spinal cord were investigated after sciatic nerve injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Experimental animals were divided into 3 groups: intact sciatic nerve as a control group, surgical repair alone, and surgical repair with ALCAR treatment. Toe-spreading response, pinprick response, and compound action potential were measured to evaluate the recovery of sciatic nerve injury. Recovery of behavioral function and electrophysiological function both improved in the surgical repair with ALCAR treatment group. Weak basal expression of Jun was shown in the ventral horn the of spinal cord in the control group. In the surgical repair alone group or the surgical repair with ALCAR treatment group, Jun expression persisted until 28 days after injury in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Moreover, the surgical repair with ALCAR treatment group showed more increased expression of Jun than the surgical repair alone group. These results suggest that ALCAR facilitates the functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury.
Acetylcarnitine ; Action Potentials ; Animals ; Carnitine* ; Horns ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sciatic Nerve* ; Spinal Cord

Objective: This study aimed to develop texture-modified soups and classify them based on the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization (IDDSI) and National Dysphagia Diet (NDD) criteria. Methods: Ten soups were selected, and a xanthan gum-based thickener was added to adjust their viscosity. Flow tests with a 10 ml syringe and viscosity measurements using a rheometer were carried out according to the IDDSI and NDD criteria. Results: The addition of 1 g of thickener to the selected commercial soups resulted in different viscosity levels depending on the soup type. Under the IDDSI framework, seven soups (R SMG, BMG, KHG, SLT, B SUG, BGG, DGT) were categorized as level 1, two soups (B MYG, ADG) as level 2, and one soup (R DJJ) as level 3. As per NDD guidelines, seven soups (R SMG, BMG, KHG, SLT, B SUG, BGG, DGT) were classified as Nectar-like and three soups (R DJJ, B MYG, ADG) as Honey-like. However, the addition of 2 g of thickener decreased the fluidity of the soups, with two soups (R SMG, SLT) being classified as level 2 and eight soups (R BMG, DJJ, KHG, B SUG, MYG, ADG, BGG, DGT) as level 3 under the IDDSI criteria. Meanwhile, all soups were classified as Honey-like under the NDD criteria. Conclusion The viscosity was different due to the varying compositions of guk/tang/jjigae, the concentration of the thickener, and time. Swallowing standardsands and other guidelines applicable specifically to Korean-food for dysphagia patients need to be developed in a further study.

No abstract available.
Byssinosis*

Phenylketonuria is metabolic disorder that results from a deficiency of the hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase. But among patients with hyperphenylalaninemia, the defect resides in one of the enzymes necessary for production or recycling of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). The reduction of BH4 affects not only phenylalanine metabolism but also formation of the tyrosine related neurotransmitter, dopamin and tryptophan related neurotransmitter, serotonin. Administration of L-dopa and 5-hydroxytriptophan seems to be the most effective treatment and may prevent irreversible neurologic damage if started early in life in hyperphenylalaninemia due to deficiency of cofactor BH4. Therefore, all patients with PKU and hyperphenylalaninemia should be tested for BH4 deficiency as early as passible. So we measured reduced forms of biopterin in urines of 19 phenylketonuria patients by Funkushima and Nixon method and 13 of PKU patients measured dihydropterin reductase (DHPR) in white blood cells by modified Narisawa method. We could not find abnormal pterin patterns of cofactor BH4 and normal value of DHPR. All Korean 19 PKU children were classic PKU. A missense mutation has been identified in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene of 16 Koran PKU patients. 5 mutations (IVS4, Y204 C, R243Q, Y356 X, R413 P) have been identified. The frequency of these mutations was found to be 50% of PKU alleles. The IVS4 mutation had a high frequency in Korea and southern China, due to the result of the founder effect and genetic drift. the R413 P mutation, which may have originated in the regions surrounding the Baikal, expanded to northen China and Japan. We were not able to find Caucasian mutations in Korean ptiets. PKU mutations occured after racial divergence between Caucasian and Mongoloids. We observed that PKU patients with Y 204 C and R413 P mutations showed mild mild clinical phenotype but IVS4 mutation had severe mental retardation. the establishment of genotype will therefore aid in the prediction of clinical phenotypes in patients with this disease. So, pterin and DHPR measurement and DNA analsis will be useful for prognosis and proper treatment of PKU patients.
Alleles ; Biopterin ; Child ; China ; DNA* ; Founder Effect ; Genetic Drift ; Genotype ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Japan ; Korea ; Leukocytes ; Levodopa ; Metabolism ; Mutation, Missense ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Oxidoreductases ; Phenotype ; Phenylalanine ; Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ; Phenylketonurias ; Prognosis ; Recycling ; Reference Values ; Serotonin ; Tryptophan ; Tyrosine