No abstract available.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Child* ; Constipation* ; Encopresis* ; Humans

A gastrofiberscopic evaluation was performed on 65 children complaining of upper gastrointestinal symptoms who visited the pediatric department of Hanil hospital from March 1991 to September 1992. Gastrofiberscopy was done without local anesthesia of pharynx and heavy sedation. To identify H. pylori infection, biopsy specimen was taken from the gastric antrum since Feb. 1992. The specimens were examined using the rapid urease test and Giemsa stain. The results were as follows: 1) Twenty nine patients were male, 36 patients were female. The frequency of age distribution was 6% in 3~5 years, 42% in 6~10 years and 52% in 11~15 years. The most of cases were between 11~15 years of age(52%). 2) The indications were recurrent abdominal pain(40%), epigastric pain(34%), hematemesis(14%), abnormal UGI series(10%) and severe vomiting(2%) 3) Among 26 patients with recurrent abdominal pain, gastrofiberscopy showed acute superficial gastritis in 6 patients and duodenitis in 4. The rest of the patients were normal(16 patients). With regard to epigastric pain, out of 21 patients 7 showed acute gastritis and 4 patients had duodenitis. The rest 10 patients were normal. Of 9 patients examined endoscopically for upper GI bleeding, no focus of bleeding were identified in 2 patients. The remaining 7 patients were bleeding from acute gastritis (3 patients), gastric ulcer (1), duodenal ulcer (2) and esophageal varix (1). The majority of the patients who had some abnormality on UGI series was endoscopically normal (7/8) and only one patient had duodenitis. The patient with severe vomiting was normal. 4) Among 21 patients H. pylori infection was found in 6 patients (29%). Gastrofiberscopic findings were normal in 4 patients, duodenal ulcer in 1 and acute gastritis in 1 patient. Gastric biopsy findings in H. pylori infected patients were chronic active gastritis in 4 patients and normal in 1 patient. 5) There were no serious complications during the endoscopic procedure. It was concluded that upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was useful means of identifying the upper gastrointestinal pathology in children with upper GI symptoms. As a result of better understanding and technological advances, a changing trend of wider and more rational application of the procedure is evident.
Abdominal Pain ; Age Distribution ; Anesthesia, Local ; Azure Stains ; Biopsy ; Child* ; Duodenal Ulcer ; Duodenitis ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Female ; Gastritis ; Helicobacter pylori ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Pathology ; Pharynx ; Pyloric Antrum ; Stomach Ulcer ; Urease ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Diet* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Incidence* ; Infant*

No abstract available.
Creatinine* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Herpes simplex esophagitis can occur in those with normal immune function, but is more often seen in those who are immunocompromised. In one series, 5 percent of post-kidney transplant recipients had herpes esophagitis. We experienced a case of herpes simplex esophagitis, following renal transplantation in a 9 year old male. He complained of epigastric pain, nausea and blood-tinged vomiting. Endoscopic examination showed volcano ulcer, mucosal friability and multiple confluent ulcers covered by whitish exudates on elevated margin in the middle and lower esophagus. Microscopic findings revealed multinucleated giant cells, margination of chromatin, intense nonspecific inflammation and strong positive for herpes simplex virus immunohistochemical staining. Esophageal lesions and symptoms improved after acyclovir therapy.
Acyclovir ; Child* ; Chromatin ; Esophagitis ; Esophagus ; Exudates and Transudates ; Giant Cells ; Herpes Simplex* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Nausea ; Simplexvirus* ; Transplantation ; Ulcer ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Child* ; Gastroesophageal Reflux* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Cor Triatriatum*

Obesity is significantly increasing in Korean adolescents and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is soon expected to be the most common chronic liver disease in children. The symptoms of NAFLD run a broad spectrum and NAFLD in children can lead to the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and can increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Definitive diagnosis can be achieved with liver biopsy. However, recent advances have shown alternative methods of screening and following patients with noninvasive biomarkers and radiologic imaging studies. The histopathology differs between children and adults, and the mechanism is expected to differ as well. Several factors, such as genes and environmental stressors work intricately to produce NAFLD. Promising medications have been reported for the management of NAFLD. However, their therapeutic effectiveness has yet to be determined. Dietary and exercise interventions remain the mainstay of treatment. By maintaining an interest in obesity and NALFD in children, NAFLD should be diagnosed early and appropriate lifestyle changes should be counseled and encouraged.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Biomarkers ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Child ; Fatty Liver ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Life Style ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; Mass Screening ; Obesity

The childhood and adolescence is an important period for establishing lifelong health. If parents want their children to live a healthy life, they should fix their children a nutritionally balanced diet and they should encourage their children to have a healthy eating habits and active physical activity. The beginning of lifelong health should be breastfeeding which reinforces immunity. What parents need to do is preparing nutritionally balanced meals at certain place at regular times. Children themselves control the amount of food they need to take. The parents should be a role model of their children to improve their childrens' healthy lifestyle. After 2 years of age, fat intake must be gradually decreased to 30~35% of total energy intake. The parents should limit their children eating saturated or trans fatty acids. Sweet or salty taste should be given as late as possible, and the parents should make efforts to give their children fruits and vegetables at each meal. Also they have to serve milk, dairy products, beans, tofu which are abundant of calcium. Traditionally, physicians has been treating sick children but nowadays physicians have to ask about childrens' health before anything else and inform the parents what to do to keep their children healthy.
Adolescent ; Breast Feeding ; Calcium ; Child ; Dairy Products ; Diet ; Eating ; Energy Intake ; Fabaceae ; Fruit ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Life Style ; Meals ; Milk ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Motor Activity ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Parents ; Soy Foods ; Trans Fatty Acids ; Vegetables