No abstract available.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Child* ; Constipation* ; Encopresis* ; Humans

A gastrofiberscopic evaluation was performed on 65 children complaining of upper gastrointestinal symptoms who visited the pediatric department of Hanil hospital from March 1991 to September 1992. Gastrofiberscopy was done without local anesthesia of pharynx and heavy sedation. To identify H. pylori infection, biopsy specimen was taken from the gastric antrum since Feb. 1992. The specimens were examined using the rapid urease test and Giemsa stain. The results were as follows: 1) Twenty nine patients were male, 36 patients were female. The frequency of age distribution was 6% in 3~5 years, 42% in 6~10 years and 52% in 11~15 years. The most of cases were between 11~15 years of age(52%). 2) The indications were recurrent abdominal pain(40%), epigastric pain(34%), hematemesis(14%), abnormal UGI series(10%) and severe vomiting(2%) 3) Among 26 patients with recurrent abdominal pain, gastrofiberscopy showed acute superficial gastritis in 6 patients and duodenitis in 4. The rest of the patients were normal(16 patients). With regard to epigastric pain, out of 21 patients 7 showed acute gastritis and 4 patients had duodenitis. The rest 10 patients were normal. Of 9 patients examined endoscopically for upper GI bleeding, no focus of bleeding were identified in 2 patients. The remaining 7 patients were bleeding from acute gastritis (3 patients), gastric ulcer (1), duodenal ulcer (2) and esophageal varix (1). The majority of the patients who had some abnormality on UGI series was endoscopically normal (7/8) and only one patient had duodenitis. The patient with severe vomiting was normal. 4) Among 21 patients H. pylori infection was found in 6 patients (29%). Gastrofiberscopic findings were normal in 4 patients, duodenal ulcer in 1 and acute gastritis in 1 patient. Gastric biopsy findings in H. pylori infected patients were chronic active gastritis in 4 patients and normal in 1 patient. 5) There were no serious complications during the endoscopic procedure. It was concluded that upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was useful means of identifying the upper gastrointestinal pathology in children with upper GI symptoms. As a result of better understanding and technological advances, a changing trend of wider and more rational application of the procedure is evident.
Abdominal Pain ; Age Distribution ; Anesthesia, Local ; Azure Stains ; Biopsy ; Child* ; Duodenal Ulcer ; Duodenitis ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Female ; Gastritis ; Helicobacter pylori ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Pathology ; Pharynx ; Pyloric Antrum ; Stomach Ulcer ; Urease ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Creatinine* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Diet* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Incidence* ; Infant*

Herpes simplex esophagitis can occur in those with normal immune function, but is more often seen in those who are immunocompromised. In one series, 5 percent of post-kidney transplant recipients had herpes esophagitis. We experienced a case of herpes simplex esophagitis, following renal transplantation in a 9 year old male. He complained of epigastric pain, nausea and blood-tinged vomiting. Endoscopic examination showed volcano ulcer, mucosal friability and multiple confluent ulcers covered by whitish exudates on elevated margin in the middle and lower esophagus. Microscopic findings revealed multinucleated giant cells, margination of chromatin, intense nonspecific inflammation and strong positive for herpes simplex virus immunohistochemical staining. Esophageal lesions and symptoms improved after acyclovir therapy.
Acyclovir ; Child* ; Chromatin ; Esophagitis ; Esophagus ; Exudates and Transudates ; Giant Cells ; Herpes Simplex* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Nausea ; Simplexvirus* ; Transplantation ; Ulcer ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

PURPOSE: To investigate the relation of the gastric epithelial cell proliferation, apoptosis and genotypes of H. pylori in children. METHODS: Histologic grading by updated Sydney system, PCNA immunostaining, TUNEL method and the genotypes (cagA, picB and iceA) by PCR were performed in H. pylori positive (N=20) and negative (N=20) gastric biopsy specimens. RESULTS: PCNA index was significantly different between H. pylori positive children (77.4+/-13.12) and H. pylori negative children (52.3+/-12.20) (p=0.000). There were positive correlations between PCNA index and H. pylori density (r=0.624, p=0.000), polymorphonuclear neutrophil activity (r=0.460, p=0.005) and chronic inflammation (r=0.433, p=0.009). Apoptosis index of H. pylori positive children (0.70+/-0.411) was significantly higher than of H. pylori negative children (0.14+/-0.201) (p=0.000). Positive correlations between apoptosis index and H. pylori density (r=0.691, p=0.000), polymorphonuclear neutrophil activity (r=0.585, p=0.000) and chronic inflammation (r=0.535, p=0.001) were noted. As PCNA index increased, apoptosis index significantly increased (r=0.527, p=0.001). The positive rates of genotypes were cagA 90%, picB 75%, iceA1 60% and iceA2 15%, respectively. There were no significant correlations between the status of the genotypes and PCNA index, apoptosis index, the endoscopic findings and the histologic findings. CONCLUSION: PCNA index and apoptosis index in H. pylori positive children were higher than in H. pylori negative children but were not related to H. pylori genotypes. This study suggested that correlatively increased gastric epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis are important to pathogenesis of H. pylori infection in children.
Apoptosis* ; Biopsy ; Child* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Genotype* ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Inflammation ; Neutrophils ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

PURPOSE: Since 1990 upper intestinal endoscopy has become frequently used tools for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of upper intestinal tract disease. The purposes of this study was to assess the usefulness of small electronic endoscope in pediatric patients. METHODS: Upper intestinal endoscopy was performed in 104 cases of children for 15 months using electronic endoscope (Olympus EVIS XQ 200, outer diameter 9.2 mm). During procedure all patients were lightly sedated with midazolam over 7 years or valium and demerol under 6 years. RESULTS: The majority of cases were between 7-15 years of age and the youngest patient were 12 months of age. The indications in order of frequency were acute epigastric pain(41.3%), recurrent abdominal pain(17.3%), upper intestinal bleeding (13.5%), chronic dyspepsia and abdominal discomfort(9.6%), chest pain(3.8%), foreign body ingestion(3.8%), caustic ingestion(2.9%) and miscellaneous. The common abnormal endoscopic findings in order were gastritis(30.6%), ulcerative lesion(6.7%), duodenitis (6.7%). The 47.1 % of cases were endoscopically normal. Among 43 patients with acute epigastric pain, erosive gastritis(14.0%), nodular gastritis(11.6%), superficial gastritis (9.3%), duodenitis(9.3%), duodenal postbulbar ulcer(4.7%), esophagitis(2.3%), gastritis with duodenitis (2.3%) were diagnosed endoscopically. The rest of patients(44.2%) were normal. Twelve patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding has erosive gastitis(16.7%), nodular gastritis(16.7%), gastric ulcer(16.7%). The rest(50.0%) were endoscopically normal. All 10 patients complaining chronic dyspepsia and abdominal discomfort showed abnormal findings such as erosive gastritis(30%), nodular gastritis(30%), superficial gastritis(40%). The 77.8% of patients with recurrent abdominal pain were normal and only 22.2% of patients showed superficial gastritis. The removal of foreign body was performed under the general anesthesia(3 cases) and light sedation(1 case). During and following endoscopy there was no significant complications. CONCLUSIONS: In the hands of a skilled pedatric endoscopist, endoscopic procedures are not only enhance diagnostic accuracy but can performed safely. Small electronic endoscope widely used in adults has been safely adapted to children over 1 year of age.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Diazepam ; Duodenitis ; Dyspepsia ; Endoscopes ; Endoscopy* ; Foreign Bodies ; Gastritis ; Hand ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Meperidine ; Midazolam ; Thorax ; Ulcer ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Gastroesophageal Reflux* ; Humans