PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of MRI on postoperative pain syndrome (POPS), including early complications such as hematoma or infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of the 54 patients with the POPS, we analyzed pre-operative MRI findings compared with operative findings on 39 patients, excluding nonunion, instability, metal failure and pseudarthrosis, who underwent an operation for POPS from December 1994 to June 1997. There were 25 men (64.1%) and 14 women (35.9%), aged from 16 to 68 years (average 44.5 years). They were divided into 5 subgroups and calculated for sensitivity, specificity and positive predictability. RESULTS: MRI accuracy in recurred disc was 84%, scar adhesion, recurred or developed stenosis, infection and hematoma was 100% for each overall accuracy of MRI was 93%. Average interval of reoperation in POPS was 3.2 years. In 21 cases (53.8%), symptoms persisted without pain-free interval after first operation. CONCLUSIONS: Early complications, including hematoma and infection, are easily detected with MRI. Especially if patient complains of severe leg pain or neurologic deficit, MRI is a good diagnostic tool. MRI is a useful method for evaluation of most cases of POPS, but it is limited in evaluating recurred disc or scar adhesion only in T1, T2 weighted image. Therefore, Gd-DTPA enhancement is necessary for an accurate diagnosis.
Cicatrix ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Leg ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Pseudarthrosis ; Reoperation ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Cubitus varus deformity is the late complication of the supracondylar fracture of humerus which is common in growing children. If the deformity is severe it causes tunctional problems as well as cosmetic ones necessitating conective osteotomy. Though many authors devised different methods of corrective osteotomy, the cosmetic results are not always satisfactory because of the development of the lazy S deformity hy the lateral prominence. Technically. the initial stahility of the osteotomy is also poor due to the poor contact of the osteotomy site. So we have devised a new quadrilateral displacement osteotomy to increase the initial stability of the osteotomy by creating a wedge on the osteotomy site & also to prevent the development of the lazy S deformity hy elimination of the Interal prominence. We treated 9 cases of cubitus varus deformity with the new quadrilateral displacement osteotomy. The correction technique was not difficult & the initial stahility of the osteotomy is rather good & the osteotomy is fixed by the conventional methods, & all of the cases were healed uneventfully. There developed no the lazy & deformity after osteotomy. We would like to report the details ot the supracondylnrquadrilateral displacemenl osteotomy.
Child ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Humans ; Humerus ; Osteotomy*

To classify the causes of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in Korean patients, and to improve the endocrinologic evaluation for the disease, we retrospectively studied the clinical findings and result of combined pituitary stimulation test in 35 patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The following results were obtained.1) The ratio of male to female was 1.3:1, and the 50% of male patients was under 20 years of age and the 20% of female patients in 30th decades. 2) The chief complaints of male patients on the admission were the failure of secondary sexual characteristics(95.0%) and loss of hair(5.0%), those of female patients were amenorrhea(46.7%), infertility(26.7%), failure of secondary characteristics(13.3%) and loss of hair(13.3%). 3) The causes of male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism were craniopharyngioma(35.0%), idiopathic(30.0%), Kallmann's syndrome(15.0%), pituitary adenoma(10.0%) and germinoma(5.0%), and those of female hypogonadotropic hypogonadism were prolactinoma(13.3%), Sheehan's syndrome(26.6%), pituitary adenoma(6.7%), tuberculous granuloma(6.7%), germinoma(6.7%), idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism(40.0%).4) The responses of LH and FSH to GnRH test were absent or markedly blunted in diffuse pituitary diseases such as pituitary tuberculous granuloma, pituitary macroadenomas, Sheehan's syndrome. However those were also absent or blunted in Cushing's disease and hypothalamic disease such as Kallmann's syndrome, germinoma, craniopharyngioma, idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. 5) The responses of LH, FSH increased after repeated injection of GnRH in a patient with germinoma. 6) In diffuse destructive pituitary diseases such as Sheehan's syndrome, nonfunctioning macroadenomas, tuberculous granuloma, large prolactinoma, the combined deficiency of pituitary hormones other than gonadotropins was observed. 7) In many cases with hypothalamic diseases, the combined defects of pituitary hormone response were also seen.These data suggest that GnRH test is not always useful to localize the lesion between pituitary and hypothalamus, and combined pituitary stimulation test revealed defects of pituitary hormones other than gonadotropin in various hypothalamic diseases.Therefore repeated GnRH test would be useful for the differential diagnosis, and CRH test and GRH test would be necessary to demonstrate whether pituitary abnormality is present.
Craniopharyngioma ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Germinoma ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Gonadotropins ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Hypopituitarism ; Hypothalamic Diseases ; Hypothalamus ; Kallmann Syndrome ; Male ; Pituitary Diseases ; Pituitary Hormones ; Prolactinoma ; Retrospective Studies

The Committee of Education of the Korean Diabetes Association discussed the need to develop the Diabetes Education Recognition Program. In 2011, the current certification program was reviewed and a survey was conducted to improve the Diabetes Education Recognition Program. This improved program will be a standard for qualified diabetes education for diabetes educators and institutes, and will ultimately become a national standard for diabetes education.
Academies and Institutes ; Certification ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Patient Education as Topic

The Acknowledgements was published incorrectly. The authors apologize for any inconvenience that it may have caused.

This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of a modified silk ligature twisted with wire for inducing advanced periodontitis. Periodontitis was induced in five premolars and one molar of 20 healthy dogs over a 60-day period. The dogs were divided into four groups according to the ligature-inducing materials used: soft moistened food only, wire ligature (WL), silk ligature (SL) and twisted ligature with silk and wire (SWL). Periodontal indices were recorded, and dental radiographs were taken before and after 60 days of ligation. The ligatures were checked daily and the day the ligature fell out was noted. The period during which the ligatures were maintained was significantly shorter for the SL group compared to the SWL group (p < 0.05). Results of the clinical examination showed that almost all periodontal status parameters including the plaque index, gingival index, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing were significantly exacerbated in the SWL group compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Radiographic evaluation demonstrated that alveolar bone levels were significantly lower in the SWL group than the other groups on day 60 (p < 0.05). These results suggested that experimental periodontitis induced by SWL could be an effective method for investigating periodontitis in canine models.
Alveolar Bone Loss/veterinary ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Dog Diseases/*pathology ; Dogs ; Ligation/instrumentation/methods/*veterinary ; Materials Testing/veterinary ; Pain/drug therapy/veterinary ; Periodontitis/pathology/*veterinary ; Tramadol/therapeutic use

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of Hwangyun, Hwangyunhaedogtang, and Kumeunhwa on the lymphocyte activity in allergic contact dermatitis induced by contact allergen 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) of Balb/c mouse. For examination of a contact hypersensitivity, MEST (mouse ear swelling test) and lymphocyte proliferation assay measured by [(3)H]-methylthymidine incorporation were done. Cytokine mRNA in the draining lymph node cells were examined by RT-PCR. Contact hypersensitivity was more effectively induced by 0.25% DNCB treatment than 1% DNCB treatment. Local lymph node cell proliferation from DNCB-sensitized mouse was most highly elicitated with 100 ug/ml DNBS stimulation in vitro. The cytokine profiles of lymph node cells from DNCB-sensitized and DNBS-stimulated mouse were strong expression of IL-2 and IFN-r, weak expression of LT and IL-4, and no expression of IL-6 and IL-10. This lymphocyte proliferation was significantly inhibited in mice administered Korean medical drug for 10 days and sensitized with DNCB at day 5 (88.22%, 65.14%, and 52.29% in Hwangyun, Hwangyunhaedogtang, and Kumeunhwa, respectively). But Kumeunhwa was not effective in the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation when administered after DNCB-sensitization. The cytokine expressions were also inhibited especially IL-2 and IFN-r in Hwangyun administered- mice. These inhibitions of lymphocyte activity by Korean medical drugs were also observed when stimulated with ConA (1 ug/ml). Conclusively, immune responses of contact hypersensitivity induced by DNCB are involved in local lymph node T cells mainly Th1 type cells, and Korean medical drugs especially Hwangyun suppressed allergic contact dermatitis via inhibition of the activity of these cells.
Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Dinitrochlorobenzene ; Ear ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukin-6 ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes* ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger ; T-Lymphocytes

No abstract available.
Lymphoma* ; Thyroid Gland*

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to increase, and the disease burden is the highest of any medical condition in Korea. However, large-scale clinical studies have not yet conducted to establish the basis for diabetes prevention in Korea. METHODS: The hospital-based Korean Diabetes Prevention Study (H-KDPS) is a prospective, multi-center, randomized, open-label controlled study conducted at university hospitals for the purpose of gathering data to help in efforts to prevent type 2 DM. Ten university hospitals are participating, and 744 subjects will be recruited. The subjects are randomly assigned to the standard care group, lifestyle modification group, or metformin group, and their clinical course will be observed for 36 months. RESULTS: All intervention methodologies were developed, validated, and approved by Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) multi-disciplinary team members. The standard control group will engage in individual education based on the current KDA guidelines, and the lifestyle modification group will participate in a professionally guided healthcare intervention aiming for ≥5% weight loss. The metformin group will begin dosing at 250 mg/day, increasing to a maximum of 1,000 mg/day. The primary endpoint of this study is the cumulative incidence of DM during the 3 years after randomization. CONCLUSION: The H-KDPS study is the first large-scale clinical study to establish evidence-based interventions for the prevention of type 2 DM in Koreans. The evidence gathered by this study will be useful for enhancing the health of Koreans and improving the stability of the Korean healthcare system (Trial registration: CRIS KCT0002260, NCT02981121).
Clinical Study ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Education ; Hospitals, University ; Incidence ; Korea ; Life Style ; Metformin ; Prediabetic State ; Prevalence ; Primary Prevention ; Prospective Studies ; Random Allocation ; Risk Reduction Behavior ; Weight Loss

Since the new hypertension guideline published by the American Heart Association/American College Cardiology/American Society of Hypertension in 2017, the Korean Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Hypertension revised and announced new hypertension guidelines. Also the Korean Society of Hypertension published Korea hypertension fact sheet 2018, including prevalence, awareness, management status of hypertension, and their trends in Korea. Herein, I provide information on diagnosis and treatment of hypertension based on the new guidelines of the Korean Society of Hypertension.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Heart ; Hypertension ; Korea ; Prevalence