The Taylor's approach is a special paramedian approach to enter the L5-S1 interspace. The L5-S1 interspace is the largest in vertebral column. This approach is particularly useful when the interspace has been narrowed by pathologic bone destruction such as rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. Surgery in geriatric patients is associated with a markedly higher incidence of perioperative complication or mortality rate. Optimal anesthetic management of geriatric patients depends on understanding of the normal anatomy and physiologic changes in response to drug in aging. We studied of 3-geriatric patients with Taylor's approach. These patients had problems with respiratory dysfunction and anatomic constraints, which make other approaches unfeasible.
Aging ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Osteoarthritis ; Spine

Ulnar nerve compression at the elbow can occur at any site that begins proximally at the arcade of Struthers and end distally where the nerve exits the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle in the forearm. We experienced one case of ulnar nerve palsy due to multiple ganglion cysts which had occured at the elbow joint. A complete excision of ganglion cysts and anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve were performed. The clinical result was satisfactory
Elbow Joint ; Elbow* ; Forearm ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes ; Ulnar Nerve* ; Ulnar Neuropathies*

Presented here in are two cases of chronic subdural hematoma in children which were spontaneously resolved. The first case has developed as the complication of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in bilateral cerebral convexities of a 14-year-old boy while in the other case, the hematoma was developed in the posterior fossa of a 19 days-old neonate are complication of delivery. The etiology, clinical couse, treatment and mechanism of spontaneous resolution of chronic subdural hematomas in children and adult are discussed.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child* ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

Forty two patients were diagnosed as having subcortical(lobar) intracerebral hemorrhage among 407 consecutive patients presenting with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Brain CT and MRI or angiography were performed in 39 patients. The authors analyzed clinical features, brain CT, etiological factors, and outcome. Headache(69%) and vomiting(55%) were most common symptoms. The incidence of seizure was 14%. The volume of hematoma on CT was below 20cc in 21 patients, between 20cc and 40cc in 16 patients, and aove 40cc in 5 patients. The most common site of hemorrhage was parietal lobe in 32 of 42 patients. The mortality rate was 9.5% and the functional outcome of the patients was generally better than in other forms of intracerebral hemorrhage. Thirty one patients had arterial hypertension which was the leading cause. Two patients had AVMs and two patients had blood dyscrasias. Unknown etiology occurred in 7 patients. Neither brain MRI nor cerebral angiography showed abnormal vascular lesion in all of the pa tients who had arterial hypertension. We conclude that no further evaluation if recommended in patients with subcortical hemorrhage who were definitely diagnosed as having arterial hypertension.
Angiography ; Brain ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mortality ; Parietal Lobe ; Seizures

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of present study is to identify the differences between temperament and character traits among adolescents classified by ego resilience and ego control level. METHODS: A Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was performed on participants, and a California Child Q-Test (CCQ) was tested for by the parents of the adolescent participants. RESULTS: The result of the factor analysis and discriminant analysis show that the participants are classified into three different groups based on CCQ score and item response patterns. The three groups are named the ego resilience group, the undercontrolled group, and the overcontrolled group. The ego resilience group indicates that they have a high level of interest and curiosity but yet they are not easily tempered. Moreover, they behave proactively with a reasonable level of responsibility in order to improve themselves. In contrast, among the undercontrolled group, it is observed that, although the group shows even higher level of interest, curiosity and honesty, they are careless, more impulsive, and have a lack of delayed gratification and shame. CONCLUSION: The overcontrolled group shows that they are the most cautious and reflective group among the three but also show emotional instability such as strong criticism and passive-aggressiveness. In this study, implications and limitations are discussed.
Adolescent ; California ; Child ; Ego ; Exploratory Behavior ; Humans ; Parents ; Temperament

Hepatitis E virus is an enterically transmitted virus that causes endemic cases of acute hepatitis in many countries in Africa, and Southeast and Central Asia. Sporadic cases of acute hepatitis E also have been reported in developed countries. In non-endemic areas, most of the sporadic cases of hepatitis E are introduced from the endemic areas. Until now, only three cases of acute hepatitis E have been reported in Korea. Recently, we experienced nine cases of acute hepatitis, in which serologic studies showed positive of IgM anti-HEV. We report these as cases of acute hepatitis E. These cases suggest that HEV infection occurs sporadically in Korea and should be considered as a cause of cryptogenic acute hepatitis.
Middle Aged ; Male ; Korea/epidemiology ; Humans ; Hepatitis E/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Female ; Adult ; Acute Disease