A 47-year-old male with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and heavy smoking, but no anginal symptoms, presented with claudication of the lower extremities. Extremity angiography with coronary angiography revealed peripheral arterial lesions including a left subclavian artery occlusion with coronary artery disease. The patient underwent an initial off-pump coronary artery bypass with an ascending aorto-axillary bypass. The right internal mammary artery was anastomosed to the left anterior descending coronary artery. The greater saphenous vein graft was connected from the ascending aorto-axillary bypass graft to the diagonal branch. At postoperative day 18, femorofemoral and bilateral femoropopliteal bypasses were performed. We report a case of the combined repair of coronary artery disease and a left subclavian artery occlusion.
Angiography ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Extremities ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Mammary Arteries ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; Saphenous Vein ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Subclavian Artery* ; Transplants

A 76-year-old woman with a history of chest pain and palpitation, was diagnosed with bilateral coronary to pulmonary artery fistulae with a concomitant saccular aneurysm, which is quite rare. Suture closure of the fistular vessels around the pulmonary artery root, the removal of a saccular aneurysm, and the transpulmonary closure of coronary to pulmonary artery fistulae were performed. The patient was well at 4 months after surgery.
Aged ; Aneurysm* ; Chest Pain ; Female ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Sutures

PURPOSE: To evaluate retrospectively the survival outcome, patterns of failure, and complications in patients treated with postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in advanced gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2006, 80 patients with advanced gastric cancer who received postoperative concurrent CRT were included. Pathological staging was IB-II in 9%, IIIA in 38%, IIIB in 33%, and IV in 21%. Radiotherapy consisted of 45 Gy of radiation. Concurrent chemotherapy consisted of a continuous intravenous infusion of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin on the first 4 days and last 3 days of radiotherapy. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 48 months (range, 3 to 83 months). The 5-year overall survival, disease-free survival, and locoregional recurrence-free survivals were 62%, 59%, and 80%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, significant factors for disease-free survival were T stage (hazard ratio [HR], 0.278; p = 0.038), lymph node dissection extent (HR, 0.201; p = 0.002), and maintenance oral chemotherapy (HR, 2.964; p = 0.004). Locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis occurred in 5 (6%) and 18 (23%) patients, respectively. Mixed failure occurred in 10 (16%) patients. Grade 3 leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 4 (5%) and one (1%) patient, respectively. Grade 3 nausea and vomiting developed in 8 (10%) patients. Intestinal obstruction developed in one (1%). CONCLUSION: The survival outcome of the postoperative CRT in advanced gastric cancer was similar to those reported previously. Our postoperative CRT regimen seems to be a safe and effective method, reducing locoregional failure without severe treatment toxicity in advanced gastric cancer patients.
Chemoradiotherapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Fluorouracil ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Leucovorin ; Leukopenia ; Lymph Node Excision ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nausea ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Thrombocytopenia ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation and recto-anal repair (DG-HAL & RAR) is known for low recurrence, high patient satisfaction, and less postoperative pain. The purpose of this study is to analyze the 1-year follow-up results in patients who underwent a DG-HAL & RAR and to establish the benefits of the procedure. METHODS: Among the hemorrhoid patients who were admitted to our hospital from March 2008 to May 2010 and who underwent a DG-HAL & RAR, 97 patients who were followed up for a year were investigated. Recurrence, complications, admission period, difference in preoperative and postoperative pain, operation time, and time to return to daily activities were investigated. RESULTS: The average admission period was 1.6 +/- 1.1 days. Pain at postoperative day 7 showed no significant difference from preoperative pain (P > 0.05). The operation time was 34.0 +/- 7.3 minutes on average, and return to daily activities was timed at 2.3 +/- 2.0 days postoperatively. At the one year follow-up, no serious complications were noted, and preoperative symptoms recurred only in 14 patients (14.4%). CONCLUSION: In most patients with hemorrhoids, excluding those with severe prolapsed hemorrhoids, less pain, no serious complications, and good long-term outcome can be expected from a DG-HAL & RAR.
Arteries ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhoids ; Humans ; Ligation ; Pain, Postoperative ; Patient Satisfaction ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: We evaluated the clinical and radiological results of arthroscopic ankle fusion using 2 medial screws which had advantages of less morbidity, early weight-bearing and high union rate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From April, 2002 to March, 2004, 8 patients who had ankle osteoarthritis were treated by ankle fusion using 2 medial screws under arthroscopy; five patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis, two with post-infectious arthritis and one with paralytic foot. There were 5 male and 3 female. Average age was 67 years old ranging from 57 to 71 years. We evaluated them clinically preoperative and postoperative using AOFAS score, VAS pain scale and patient's satisfaction. In regard to radiological fusion, we checked them by simple AP, lateral and mortise view. Follow up period was average 11 months (range, 6~24 months). RESULTS: All ankles were successfully fused with 2 medial screws under arthroscopy. The mean time of fusion was 10.5 weeks (range, 8~14 weeks). Patient's satisfaction checked at 6 months after operation had favorable results (excellent and good 75%). One case had pain on medial malleolar area because of screw's protrusion. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic ankle fusion using 2 medial screws was good modality of ankle fusion with less morbidity and early weight-bearing in some cases of ankle arthritis.
Aged ; Ankle* ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Reactive ; Arthroscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Humans ; Male ; Osteoarthritis ; Weight-Bearing

OBJECTIVE: The causal link between oncogenic HPV(Human Papilloma Viruses) and the development of CIN (rvical intraepithelial neoplasia) and cervical cancer are now well established. Several medical therapeutic candidates aimd at the treatment of precancerous lesions and invasive carcinoma of the cervix. The objective of this study was to develop the pH-sensitive chitosan/alginate gels (pH=3.8-4.5) and temperature sensitive multiblock copolymers of PEG/PLA (poly (L-lactic acid)/polyethylene glycol) gels (temperature=37 degrees C) for controlled delivery of the paclitaxel (PTX). We had also evaluated whether PTX entrapped in chitosan/alginate gels or multiblock copolymers of PEG/PLA 1 could inhibit tumor growth in vivo. METHODS: PTX entrapped as microsphere in Chitosan/Alginate Microspheres were obtained using a spray-drying method. PTX-entrapped PEG/PLA gels were prepared by the solvent displacement method. We had prepared the multiblock copolymers of PEG/PLA which has the sol-gel-sol transition temperature at body temperature. The in-vivo efficacy of PTX in chitosan microphere or PTX in PEG/PLA mutiblock copolymer micelle were conducted in HeLa-tumor bearing Balb/c Nu/Nu athymic mice at an equivalent paclitaxel dose of 10 mg/kg with 48 hr interval. The inhibition of tumor growth was evaluated after 8 days of treatment. RESULTS: On 8 days after the transcutaneous treatment of PTX-containing chitosan microphere or PTX in PEG/PLA mutiblock copolymer micelle. significant inhibition in tumor growth was observed in balb/c nu/nu nude mouse carrying xenograft tumors (HeLa cells; HPV-18 positive state). Among these formulations, PTX in PEG/PLA mutiblock copolymer have shown improved therapeutic efficacy as compared to PTX-ivgroup. CONCLUSION: PTX-containing chitosan microphere or PTX in PEG/PLA mutiblock copolymer nanoparticles are a unique pH-sensitive and temperature sensitive drug delivery system. These formulations elicits enhanced efficacy as an effective and minimally invasive treatment in mice bearing human cervical cancer (HeLa Cells) xenograft.
Animals ; Body Temperature ; Cervix Uteri ; Chitosan ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Female ; Gels ; Heterografts ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Microspheres ; Nanoparticles ; Paclitaxel ; Papilloma ; Polymers* ; Transition Temperature ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Improvements in the endoscopic evaluation and management of gastric cancer have made it possible to determine the depth of invasion during endoscopic examination. The aim of this study was to elucidate the differences between early gastric cancer (EGC) that resembles advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and AGC that resembles EGC. METHODS: We retrieved cases of EGC-like AGC and AGC-like EGC from consecutive gastric cancers that had been completely resected. The endoscopic diagnoses and clinicopathological findings were analyzed. RESULTS: AGC-like EGCs were located mainly in the distal part of the stomach, whereas EGC-like AGCs were located mainly in the proximal part of the stomach (p<0.001). Sixty percent of AGC-like EGCs were moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas, while 64% of EGC-like AGCs were poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas (p=0.015). According to Lauren's classification, 68% of AGC-like EGCs were intestinal type, whereas 71% of EGC-like AGCs were diffuse type (p=0.020). CONCLUSIONS: AGC-like EGCs predominate in the distal part of the stomach, while EGC-like AGCs predominate in the proximal part. When evaluating the depth of a gastric cancer, care should be taken not to underestimate measurements in proximal gastric cancers since they tend to be poorly-differentiated adenocarcinomas, in Lauren's diffuse type, and invade deeper than their endoscopic appearance might suggest.
Adenocarcinoma ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms

To manage chronic constipation, dietary and lifestyle modifications should be tried before pharmacological intervention. Although there is no standardized treatment guideline for medical practice, the key considerations in the choice of laxative include the treatment duration, dosing schedule, type of agent, effects and side effects of the agent, and cost. The first-line treatment is a bulking or osmotic laxative. If the patient is still symptomatic, the physician can add or switch to other laxatives. Next, prucalopride, a highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 (5-HT4) receptor agonist, could be considered. If the constipation is refractory to combination therapy with conventional laxatives and prucalopride, patients should be referred for further evaluation, including physiological testing.
Appointments and Schedules ; Constipation ; Humans ; Laxatives* ; Life Style ; Serotonin

The treatment for constipation should be individualized and dependent on the cause, coexisting morbidities, and patient's cognitive status. Although most cases of constipation respond to conservative treatment, including dietary and life-style changes, or mild laxatives, some patients still complain of consistent symptoms and need an assessment of defecatory dysfunction. There is insufficient evidence to support the use of enemas in chronic constipation, although many clinicians and patients find them useful and effective for the treatment of fecal impaction when used with other modalities. In addition, suppositories can be considered as an initial trial for the treatment of defecatory dysfunction, since they help to initiate or facilitate rectal evacuation. The routine use of enemas is typically discouraged, especially sodium phosphate enemas, although tap-water enemas seem safe for more regular use. Soapsuds enemas are not recommended due to possible rectal mucosal damage.
Constipation* ; Enema* ; Fecal Impaction ; Humans ; Laxatives ; Sodium ; Suppositories*

A significant proportion of chronic constipation patients are dissatisfied with their treatment. Recently, a number of new medications have been introduced for patients refractory to conventional laxatives, such as prucalopride, lubiprostone, linaclotide, and elobixibat. Prucalopride is a novel gastrointestinal prokinetic agent that acts as a 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 (5-HT4) agonist. Compared with older nonselective 5-HT4 agonists, the higher selectivity of prucalopride for 5-HT4 receptors can reduce the risk of significant adverse cardiovascular events. Prucalopride improves stool frequency and consistency, and reduces the need for rescue medications. Lubiprostone, a chloride channel activator, increases the secretion of intestinal fluid, improves the stool frequency and consistency, and reduces straining. Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase-C agonist, is effective in treating patients with chronic constipation and its effect on visceral sensitivity, as shown mainly in animal studies, provides an attractive pharmaceutical option for patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Elobixibat is an ileal sodium-dependent bile acid transporter inhibitor that blocks the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, increasing the bile acid concentration in the intestine, which accelerates colonic transit and softens the stool. A phase III trial of the treatment of chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation is underway. The clinical application of new-generation laxatives will contribute to the management of chronic constipation refractory to conventional laxatives.
Animals ; Bile ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Chloride Channels ; Colon ; Constipation ; Enterohepatic Circulation ; Humans ; Intestines ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Laxatives* ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT4 ; Serotonin ; Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor Agonists ; Lubiprostone