BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Isoflavones (ISFs) are effective in preventing bone loss, but not effective enough to prevent osteoporosis. Mixtures of soy ISF and lecithin (LCT) were prepared and characterized in an attempt to improve the bone loss.MATERIALS/METHODS: The daidzein (DZ) and genistein (GN) solubility in soy ISF were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The change in the crystalline characteristics of soy ISF in LCT was evaluated using X-ray diffraction analysis.Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted to evaluate and compare ISF bioavailability. Animal studies with ovariectomized (OVX) mice were carried out to estimate the effects on bone loss. The Student's t-test was used to evaluate statistical significance. RESULTS: The solubility of DZ and GN in LCT was 125.6 and 9.7 mg/L, respectively, which were approximately 25 and 7 times higher, respectively, than those in water. The bioavailability determined by the area under the curve of DZ for the oral administration (400 mg/kg) of soy ISF alone and the soy ISF-LCT mixture was 13.19 and 16.09 µg·h/mL, respectively. The bone mineral density of OVX mice given soy ISF-LCT mixtures at ISF doses of 60 and 100 mg/kg daily was 0.189 ± 0.020 and 0.194 ± 0.010 g/mm3 , respectively, whereas that of mice given 100 mg/kg soy ISF was 0.172 ± 0.028 g/mm3 . The number of osteoclasts per bone perimeter was reduced by the simultaneous administration of soy ISF and LCT. CONCLUSIONS The effect of preventing bone loss and osteoclast formation by ingesting soy ISF and LCT at the same time was superior to soy ISF alone as the bioavailability of ISF may have been improved by the emulsification and solvation of LCT. These results suggest the possibility of using the combination of soy ISF and LCT to prevent osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Isoflavones (ISFs) are effective in preventing bone loss, but not effective enough to prevent osteoporosis. Mixtures of soy ISF and lecithin (LCT) were prepared and characterized in an attempt to improve the bone loss.MATERIALS/METHODS: The daidzein (DZ) and genistein (GN) solubility in soy ISF were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The change in the crystalline characteristics of soy ISF in LCT was evaluated using X-ray diffraction analysis.Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted to evaluate and compare ISF bioavailability. Animal studies with ovariectomized (OVX) mice were carried out to estimate the effects on bone loss. The Student's t-test was used to evaluate statistical significance. RESULTS: The solubility of DZ and GN in LCT was 125.6 and 9.7 mg/L, respectively, which were approximately 25 and 7 times higher, respectively, than those in water. The bioavailability determined by the area under the curve of DZ for the oral administration (400 mg/kg) of soy ISF alone and the soy ISF-LCT mixture was 13.19 and 16.09 µg·h/mL, respectively. The bone mineral density of OVX mice given soy ISF-LCT mixtures at ISF doses of 60 and 100 mg/kg daily was 0.189 ± 0.020 and 0.194 ± 0.010 g/mm3 , respectively, whereas that of mice given 100 mg/kg soy ISF was 0.172 ± 0.028 g/mm3 . The number of osteoclasts per bone perimeter was reduced by the simultaneous administration of soy ISF and LCT. CONCLUSIONS The effect of preventing bone loss and osteoclast formation by ingesting soy ISF and LCT at the same time was superior to soy ISF alone as the bioavailability of ISF may have been improved by the emulsification and solvation of LCT. These results suggest the possibility of using the combination of soy ISF and LCT to prevent osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVE: We studied clinical characteristics of patients have endometriosis to provide basic knowledge for diagnosis, treatment, and futher study of endometriosis. METHODS: We have performed a retrospective clinical study on 163 patients diagnosed with endometriosis during laparotomy, cesarean section, laparoscopic surgery at our medical center from January, 2000 to December, 2004. RESULTS: Incidence of endometriosis was 4.38%. The more frequent occurrence was noted in the young women with low parity and in the nulliparous women. Most frequent symptom comprised dysmenorrhea and lower abdominal pain. 33.7% of patients were asymptomatic. And 82.3% of the patients were in stage III and IV. The frequent sites involved were ovaries, Cul-de sac, uterus, tubes, peritoneum and rectum in order. Frequently combind gynecologic disease were uterine myoma, benign ovarian tumor. In Stage III & IV, there are more patients, who had abnormal elevated serum CA 125 level than patients of stage I & II. CONCLUSION: Early diagnose and appropriate management of Endometriosis for young women can lowered the development of hihger stage case and it is important for fertility and better life quality.
Abdominal Pain ; Cesarean Section ; Diagnosis ; Dysmenorrhea ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Fertility ; Genital Diseases, Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Leiomyoma ; Ovary ; Parity ; Peritoneum ; Pregnancy ; Quality of Life ; Rectum ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterus

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to review 6 years' experience of peritoneal inclusion cysts at our hospital. METHODS: A retrospective study of 13 cases of peritoneal inclusion cysts between Jan. 1, 1996 and Dec. 31, 2001 was carried out and then clinical feature, radiologic finding, and treatment method were compared with previous reports. RESULTS: Most of patients were premenopausal. Chief complaints were lower abdominal pain or palpable abdominal mass, and so forth. The majority of patients had history of lapalotomy. Peritoneal inclusion cyst was diagnosed by ultrasonogrphy and CT. Most specific finding is that normal ovary is seen in the cysts. In the past, operation was the main treatment method. Recently sclerotherapy was introduced and available. CONCLUSION: Because peritoneal inclusion cyst is benign and uncommon disease, it had not been interesting part. So, preoperative diagnosis rate was low and surgical resection was main treatment method. Preoperative diagnosis rate has been higher after it's clinical feature and specific radiologic findings were reported. Recently, conservative treatment may substitute for operation.
Abdominal Pain ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Ovary ; Retrospective Studies ; Sclerotherapy ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: It is controversial that an electrocardiography (EEG) is valuable in evaluation of patients with headache. The purpose of this study was to determine whether EEG brain mapping can be a useful indicator for evaluating the analgesic efficacy of treatment on the patient with an occipital headache. METHODS: We did an EEG on 20 patients with occipital headaches at the peri-laser application period. The laser was radiated for 3 minutes a third of the total distance from the external occipital protuberance to the mastoid process on the superior nuchal line. An EEG was taKen before laser radiation as control use, and at 10, 30 and 60 minutes after laser radiation by 32 channel electrodes (international 10 20 system). The EEG mapping was red for the high electric potential and blue for the low electric potential. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the alpha wave increased significantly in parieto-occipital and occipital region at 60 minutes after laser radiation (P < 0.05). DarK red color was increased especially in occipital region at 60 minutes after laser radiation, compared with EEG mapping before laser radiation. Good and Fair improvements were observed in 55% of the patients with occipital headaches. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that EEG can be a valuable indicator in the evaluation of analgesic efficacy of treatment in the patients suffering from occipital headaches. Pain scores were assessed by the patient with the visual analogue scale (VAS).
Brain Mapping ; Electrocardiography ; Electrodes ; Electroencephalography* ; Headache* ; Humans ; Mastoid

Donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies (DSA) following kidney transplantation predict the evolution of humoral rejection and reduced graft survival. Rapid, complete elimination of DSA during antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is rarely achieved with traditional antihumoral therapies. We report the case of a 39-year-old female who was admitted for increasing azotemia and diagnosed with AMR based on diffusely positive histological changes on C4d immunostaining. In this case, bortezomib reversed the histological changes and induced a reduction in DSA. Proteasome-inhibitor-based combination therapy is a potential means for rapid DSA elimination in antibody-mediated rejection in renal transplant recipients.
Adult ; Antibodies ; Azotemia ; Boronic Acids ; Complement C4b ; Female ; Graft Survival ; HLA Antigens ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Leukocytes ; Peptide Fragments ; Proteasome Inhibitors ; Pyrazines ; Rejection (Psychology) ; Transplants ; Bortezomib

Donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies (DSA) following kidney transplantation predict the evolution of humoral rejection and reduced graft survival. Rapid, complete elimination of DSA during antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is rarely achieved with traditional antihumoral therapies. We report the case of a 39-year-old female who was admitted for increasing azotemia and diagnosed with AMR based on diffusely positive histological changes on C4d immunostaining. In this case, bortezomib reversed the histological changes and induced a reduction in DSA. Proteasome-inhibitor-based combination therapy is a potential means for rapid DSA elimination in antibody-mediated rejection in renal transplant recipients.
Adult ; Antibodies ; Azotemia ; Boronic Acids ; Complement C4b ; Female ; Graft Survival ; HLA Antigens ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Leukocytes ; Peptide Fragments ; Proteasome Inhibitors ; Pyrazines ; Rejection (Psychology) ; Transplants ; Bortezomib

BACKGROUND: Adrenal medullary transplants into the subarachnoid space have been demonstrated to reduce pain sensitivity. This analgesia most likely results from the release of neuroactive substances, particularly catecholamines and opioid peptides from the transplanted cells into spinal cord. METHODS: Isolated bovine chromaffin cells were encapsulated with alginate and poly-L-lysine prior to implantation into rat's subarachnoid space to protect them from host immune system. And then catecholamines from encapsulated chromaffin cells were measured quantitatively in vitro by High Performance Liquid Chromatograph. The animals were randomized into 2 groups, one of which received microencapsulated chromaffin cells and the other empty capsules. The effects of such implants were evaluated on the pain behavior resulting from a chronic constriction injury of the rat sciatic nerve for 30 days. RESULTS: Catecholamine concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was analyzed. Data (mean SD) are considered significant at P <0.05 (ANOVA for repeated measure and Dunnett's test). Continuous release of catecholamine and met-enkephalin with responsiveness to nicotine stimulation was measured from encapsulated cells in vitro. A significant reduction of allodynic response to acetone evaporation was observed in the animals implanted with cell loaded capsules compared to control animals with empty capsules. Catecholamine concentration in CSF was higher in the cell loaded capsule group. There were no complications related to implantation. CONCLUSION: We found that encapsulated chromaffin cells released continuously catehcolamines and opioids peptides in vitro and in the CSF. Those results may prove chromaffin cell's anagesic effect indirectly.
Acetone ; Analgesia ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Animals ; Capsules ; Catecholamines* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Chromaffin Cells* ; Constriction ; Drug Compounding ; Enkephalin, Methionine ; Immune System ; Nicotine ; Opioid Peptides ; Peptides ; Rats ; Sciatic Nerve ; Spinal Cord ; Subarachnoid Space

There are two pathogenic models of renovascular hypertension (RVH) originating from renal artery stenosis. We noted a case of a boy who had severe hypertension with atrophic left kidney, hypertrophic right kidney, a segmental stricture of the abdominal aorta, and total occlusion of the right renal artery. Due to the atrophic change of the contralateral, unclipped left kidney, this patient presented with various clinical manifestations related to both models of pathogenesis of RVH occurring at the same time. We conclude that this patient presented with the middle stage of the two RVH pathogenetic models, so called the 'one-clip, one and half-kidney model.'
Aorta, Abdominal ; Child* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Renovascular* ; Kidney ; Male ; Renal Artery ; Renal Artery Obstruction ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Takayasu Arteritis*

INTRODUCTION: Eliminating the residual debris and bacteria in the root canal system is one of the main purposes of the endodontic treatment. However, the complexity on the anatomy of the root canal system makes it difficult to eliminate the bacterial biofilm existing along the root canal surface and necrotic pulp tissue by mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation. Recently, more effective irrigant delivery systems for root canal irrigation have been developed. The purpose of this review was to present an overview of root canal irrigant delivery techniques and devices available in endodontics. REVIEW: The contents of this paper include as follows; - syringe-needle irrigation, manual dynamic irrigation, brushes - sonic and ultrasonic irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation, rotary brush, RinsEndo, EndoVac, Laser CONCLUSION: Though technological advances during the last decade have brought to fruition new agitation devices that rely on various mechanisms, there are few evidence based study to correlate the clinical efficacy of these devices with improved outcomes except syringe irrigation with needle and ultrasonic irrigation. The clinicians should try their best efforts to deliver antimicrobial and tissue solvent solutions in predictable volumes safely to working length.
Bacteria ; Biofilms ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Dihydroergotamine ; Needles ; Syringes ; Ultrasonics