Neurilemmomas of the trachea are extremely rare. The most common site of them is the distal third of the trachea and the age of the patients at presentation varied from 6 to 78 years old. They usually have a freqeuntly very long natural history, causing symptoms only after they have attained a considerable size. We experienced a case of near-total obstruction of the trachea by an intraluminal sessile neurilemmoma. The patient was a 66-year-old man with 2-year history of progressive exertional dyspnea and had several episodes of pneumonitis associated with productive cough. Grossly, the tumor was a well-circumscribed mass. Microscopically, typical cellular Antoni A and myxoid Antoni B areas were revealed.
Aged ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Natural History ; Neurilemmoma* ; Pneumonia ; Trachea

Extraperitoneal inguinal endometriosis often presents as an inguinal mass in women of reproductive age, Approximately 40 cases of inguinal endometriosis have been documented in the sutgical and gynecological literature. The overall incidence is in the range of 0.4% of patients with endometriosis. The right side is much more commonly involved than the left (almost 90% of the time in one series of 23 patients), and rarely is the condition bilateral. The most frequent complaint of patients with inguinal endometriosis is an inguinal mass, followed by pain and enlargement of the mass near menstruation. Authors have experienced two cases of endometriosis of the extraperitoneal portion of the round ligament of uterus and report with a brief literature review.
Endometriosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Menstruation ; Round Ligament of Uterus* ; Uterus

No abstract available.
Humans ; T-Lymphocytes*

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Receptors, Adrenergic* ; Steroids*

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Korean women since 2001 and needs national interests. The incidence of breast cancer is increasing with new breast cancer cases reaching more than 10,000 cases annually. But, there are some difficulties in breast cancer control; first, the National Cancer Screening Program is ineffective and of low quality, second, the lack of psychosocial care for mastectomized patients, third, the lack of national care for terminal cancer patients. For effective breast cancer control, we need special support for breast cancer awareness campaign, activation of breast cancer registry, development of clinical practice guideline, development of hospice program, breast cancer research, and upgrading its guarantee on breast cancer treatment. The Korean Breast Cancer Society should have the leading role in solving the current problems, but moreover, we cannot overemphasize the need for national support.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Hospice Care ; Humans ; Incidence

Renal artery stenosis is a rare cause of acute pulmonary edema. So-called flash pulmonary edema is associated with bilateral renal artery stenosis or stenosis in a single functioning kidney. Flash pulmonary edema has been recognized as an absolute indication for vascular intervention. A 33-year old man was admitted with acute shortness of breath. Renal angiography showed occlusion of the right renal artery. He underwent a right renal artery bypass graft. However, after the renal artery bypass graft, episodes of pulmonary edema recurred. A renal angiography showed complete obstruction of the right renal artery and bypass graft. The left renal angiography showed an intact renal artery and decreased kidney size.
Adult ; Angiography ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Kidney ; Pulmonary Edema* ; Renal Artery Obstruction* ; Renal Artery* ; Transplants*

BACKGROUND: The goals of this study are to investigate the propensity to depression and anxiety in children, and also, to investigate its relationship to the family structure, their life events, and school achievement. We have attempted to aid the continuous and comprehensive management of children with depression and anxiety in a field of family practice. METHODS: A group of 797 boys and girls in 5th and 6th were selected grades a elementary school in their, In the area of ll-san and In-cheon city in August, 1997. Making use of the Kovacs' Children's Depression Inventory(CDI, 1977) and the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children(STAIC, 1973), we investigated the propensity to depression and anxiety by self-rating. At the same time, the general characteristics(gender, age, resideuce, family structure), life events(death single parent, divorced family, death of a sibling, family discord between husband), and school achievement were investigated and assessed their relationship. RESULTS: The Children's Depression Inventory score was 11.69, the State Anxiety Inventory score was 31.51, and the Trait Anxiety Inventory score was 31.49. The CDI score were significantly higher in females, sixth year students, residents execpt for those living in an apartment or villa, and low school achievement group(P<0.01, P<0.05), There was no significance between CDI score and age, whether or not a dual-income family, death of a sib, hospitalization within 6 months, and family discord between husband and wife. The STAIC score was significantly higher for old age, female, sixth year students, and low school achieve menu group(P<0.01), and there was no significance between the STAIC score and residence, whether or not a dual-income family, death of a sibling, hospitalization within 6 months, and family discord between husband and wife. CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, there was a significant correlation between gender, school years, school achievement and a propensity to depression and anxiety. Therefore, family physician should be more involved in family intervention and anticipatory guidance upon medical examination and treatment, if he or she has a symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Anxiety* ; Child* ; Depression* ; Divorce ; Family Practice ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incheon ; Physicians, Family ; Siblings ; Single Parent ; Spouses

Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by an expansion of the glomerular mesangium, caused by mesangial cell proliferation and an excessive accumulation of extracellar matrix (ECM) proteins, which eventually leading to glomerulosclerosis. TGF-beta1 was found to play an important role in the accumulation of ECM in the kidney. In this study, TGF-beta1 RNA interference was used as an effective therapeutic strategy. The inhibitory effect of TGF-beta1 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) on the high glucose-induced overexpression of TGF-beta1 in rat mesangial ceys (RMCs). A high levels of glucose induces TGF-beta1 mRNA and protein, and TGF-beta1 siRNAs reduce the ability of high glucose to stimulate their expression. We also examined the inhibitory effect of TGF-beta1 siRNAs on the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and Collagen Type I which are down-regulators of TGF-beta1. The expression of TGF-beta1, PAI-1 and Collagen Type I was increased in RMCs that were stimulated by 30 mM glucose. TGF-beta1 siRNAs reduces high glucose-induced TGF-beta1, PAI-1, and Collagen Type I mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that TGF-beta1 siRNAs effectively inhibits TGF-beta1 mRNA and protein expression in RMCs. These suggest that TGF-beta1 siRNAs through RNAi may be a useful tool for developing new therapeutic applications for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Transforming Growth Factor beta1/*metabolism ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; RNA, Small Interfering/*metabolism ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Mesangial Cells/*metabolism ; Male ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glomerular Mesangium/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology ; Collagen Type I/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cell Proliferation ; Animals

No abstract available.
Embryonic Development* ; Female ; Humans* ; Pregnancy ; Serum Albumin*

Malignant transformation of heterotopic pancreas is extremely rare. We report a case of ductal adenocarcinoma arising from heterotopic pancreas in the stomach of a 64-year-old man. Preoperative CT scans showed the lesion as a submucosal mass along the greater curvature of the pyloric antrum and protruding into the pyloric canal. After gastric surgery, the resected tumor was histopathologically diagnosed as a ductal adenocarcinoma arising from heterotopic pancreas with cystic dilatation of aberrant pancreatic duct.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pancreas* ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pyloric Antrum ; Stomach* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed