Aging process of the forehead in human reflects imbalance of the forehead muscles, forehead ptosis including eyebrow, and winkles of the forehead and glabella. Forehead lifting through bicoronal incision was adopted as an universal method to correct these problems of the aging process. In a view of the aesthetic surgery, however, there are several problems such as large scar alopecia, and numbness beyond the incision line in the scalp for the correction of the forehead aging stigma. During the part few decades, minimally invasive technology forced many surgical specialities to undergo dramatic changes. In plastic & reconstructive surgery also minimally invasive technology using endoscope gave many advantages. Therefore it has reduced morbidity rates and got greater patient acceptances for the forehead lifting. When we perform endoscopic blow-forehead lift to get a good results in oriental people, 1. it needs a extended periorbital dissection. 2. we have to concern lift in the lateral part of forehead rather than in medial forehead. 3. it needs more aggressive tissue modifications (e.g. myotomies, neurotomy) 4. it needs more strong fixation such as permanent microscrew fixation or cortical bone drill hole technique. We performed 13 cases of the eyebrow-forehead lifting by using endoscope from August 95 to September 96 followed up them from 3 to 12 months and obtained satisfactory result. We would like to report our experiences with literature review.
Aging ; Alopecia ; Cicatrix ; Endoscopes ; Eyebrows ; Forehead ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Lifting* ; Muscles ; Plastics ; Scalp

Twenty-eight cases of fracture of the femur and tibia on the same leg were treated in Pusan Maryknoll Hospital during the period from April 1981 to Jun 1988. We studied all of these patients, divided by five groups according to the method of treatment, with analysis of treatment and end results. The following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of trauma was high in the young man, and most frequent in the third decade (42.9%). 2. The main cause of injuries was traffic accident; 22 patients (78.6%). 3. The common fracture site was middle one-third in femur and tibia respectively. 4. The most common associsted injury was head trauma (9 case). 5. The average healing time of fracture was 20.7 weeks in femur and 22.7 weeks in tibia of group 3, 4, 5. 6. The best results were obtained in cases both fractures stabilized surgically.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Busan ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Femur ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leg ; Methods ; Tibia

Congenital diaphragmatic eventration is an abnormal elevation of the diaphragm as a result of developmental failure of muscular fibers during the fetal period. Mediastinal shift to the contralateral side may cause significant compression of the affected chest contents resulting in compromised pulmonary function especially when bilaterally involved. The differentiation between congenital diaphragmatic eventration and diaphragmatic hemia is very difficult but eventration has a better perinatal outcome compared to diaphragmatic hernia. We report a case of congenital diaphragmatic eventration on left side with good perinatal outcome after plication in which the initial prenatal diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia was made by prenatal ultrasonography.
Diaphragm ; Diaphragmatic Eventration* ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic* ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Thorax ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a action-learning based simulation practice program on nursing students' interpersonal communication competence and problem solving ability.METHOD: The action-learning based simulation practice program was developed by using the ADDIE mode. A single group pre-post test and time series design was used. Data was collected from senior in nursing university. 89 students participated in pretest group and 116 students participated in posttest group.RESULTS: Interpersonal communication competence and problem solving ability were significantly higher in posttest group than pretest group.CONCLUSION: Action-learning based simulation practice program is an effective teaching strategy to enhance communication competence and problem solving ability.
Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Methods ; Nursing ; Problem Solving ; Students, Nursing

Among the erythrocyte membrane defects, hereditary spherocytosis is the most common. The erythrocyte membrane defect results from a deficiency of spectrin, the most important structural protein in red cell. Hereditary spherocytosis often presents with hemolytic anemia, jaundice, moderate splenomegaly. Diagnosis is established by the presence of spherocytes in the peripheral blood, reticulocytosis, an increased osmotic fragility, and a negative Coombs test. In children, splenectomy is usually performed after age 6 years but can be done at a younger age if warranted by the severity of the anemia and the need for frequent transfusions. In the period December 1987 to Agust 1993, 9 patients with hereditrary spherocytosis underwent splenectomy and the following results were obtained. 1. Nine patients were comprised of five males and four females. 2. Five patients(55.6%) had been admitted to our hospital during age 6-10 years. 3. Four of the nine patients had autosomal dominant inheritance with variable expression. The other five patients had no known inheritance. 4. The diagnosis of the spherocytosis was based on the increased osmotic fragility and increased autohemolysis of the erythrocytes, as well as on the appearance of spherocytes in the peripheral blood smear. 5. In all cases splenectomy was performed. Two patients had concomitant gall stones and choledocholithiasis, respectively. One patient with concomitant gall stones underwent simultaneous cholecystectomy and splenectomy. The other patients associated with choledocholithiasis underwent splenectomy, cholecystectomy, choledocholithotomy, and T-tube drainage. 6. Complete hematologic recovery was obtained by the splenectomy in all cases. 7. Postoperative complication was not occurred.
Anemia ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; Child ; Cholecystectomy ; Choledocholithiasis ; Coombs Test ; Diagnosis ; Drainage ; Erythrocyte Membrane ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Gallstones ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Male ; Osmotic Fragility ; Postoperative Complications ; Reticulocytosis ; Spectrin ; Spherocytes ; Splenectomy* ; Splenomegaly ; Wills

No abstract available.
Ascites* ; Intussusception*

In the East, Probably one of the most commonly performed esthetic operation is the piercing of the earlobes for earring. the complication of this procedure includes infection, the formation of the hypertrophic scar or keloid, and tearing. Keloid formation is one of the disaterous common complications of the ear piercing. the patients regard the keloid as a cosmetic blemish and they complain that they cannot wear earrings. We have experienced 5 patients of earlobe keloid complicated from piercing of the earlobes. We used intralestional steroid njection, in conjunction with surgical excision and pressure therapy for treatment of the keloid. Among various techniques for reconstructing a piercing, we chose modified Pardue's method for artificial earlobe cleft after wide excision of the keloid. the result was good and satisfactory without any complication after 4 to 24 months of follow-up. the purpose of this paper is to present a simple method of treatment of the earlobe keloid with preservation of the perforation for an earring.
Body Piercing ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Ear* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keloid*

No abstract available.
Cicatrix* ; Skin* ; Suture Techniques* ; Sutures*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the viability and the characteristics of shed endometrial tissues obtained from menstrual fluid during in-vitro culture. METHODS: The menstrual fluids were collected using Wallace catheter from uterine cavity in 10 women with regular menstruation. The menstrual fluids were washed twice, and the pellets, containing blood cells and shed endometrium, were collected and diluted fivefold with Ham's F-10 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The cell suspension was placed on culture dishes, and cultured for 7 days in an incubator. To evaluate the characteristics of the cultured endometrial cells, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed using anti-cytokeratin and anti-vimentin antibody. RESULTS: The mean volume of menstrual fluids and pellets were 0.7ml and 0.3ml, respectively. Only 15% of the shed endometrial tissues were attached and proliferated in culture dishes, which was considered to have viability. Initially, endometrial epithelial cells and fibroblasts were attached and proliferated, and the area of these cells was increased according to prolong the culture time. Stromal cell colonys were located and proliferated on the epithelial cells. IHC staining showed strongly positive for cytokeratin in epithelial cells and for vimentin in stromal cells. In the confocal microscopic observation of 3-dimensional structure of cultured endometrium, cytokeratin-positive cells (epithelial cells) were located in the pheriphery and cytokeratin-negative cells (stromal cells) inside of the structure. CONCLUSION: From our study, shed endometrial tissues in menstrual fluid showed meaningful viability and closed relationship between epithelial cells and stromal cells during in-vitro culture. Thus, we suggest that the in-vitro culture system of shed endometrium is a suitable model for researches of endometriosis.
Blood Cells ; Catheters ; Endometriosis ; Endometrium ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Incubators ; Keratins ; Menstruation ; Stromal Cells ; Vimentin

Five species of the genus Xylaria are recognized on Malaysia materials: X. hypoxylon (L. FR.) Grev., X. allantoidea (Berk.) Fr., X. cubensis (Mont.) Fr., X. curta Fr. and X. grammica (Mont.) Fr.. The collection of Xylaria allantoidea from Malaysia is compared to the collection from Taiwan in morphological characters. The species are described their the host and cultural characteristics by a bright microscope and a scanning electron microscope.
Cultural Characteristics ; Malaysia* ; Taiwan