The functional and morphologic cardiac developments are determined by the morphogenesis, growth and remodeling of the heart resulted from the cell proliferation and apoptosis. We studied the distribution of the proliferation and apoptotic activity of myocardial cells according to the developmental stages in embryos of C57bl/6 mice. Serial histologic sections were stained with PCNA and TUNEL method and were analyzed with image analyzer (BMI, Seoul). The ventricular myocardium of an embryonic heart could be divided into trabecular, inner compact and outer compact layers. Proliferation indices at layers of the left ventricular myocardium on embryonal days (ED) 13, 14, 16, 17 and 18 were 19.9%/47.4%/60.4%, 16.1%/45.8%/60.3%, 24.6%/45.6%/38.1%, 23.3%/17.7%/18.3% and 31.2%/28.0%/19.4% (trabecular/ inner compact/ outer compact) and the right ventricle, 11.0%/34.4%/60.5%, 23.0%/44.0%/69.0%, 29.2%/42.9%/35.1%, 30.4%/30.5%/22.3% and 32.4%/28.4%/16.3%. The apoptotic indices of the left ventricle/VIF were 0.23%/3.66% on ED 13-14, 0.42%/1.31% on ED 16 and 0.05%/0.60% on ED 17-18. The results show that the proliferation of the myocytes was maximal at the outer compact layer on ED 13 and 14 but lowest on ED 17 and 18. This decrease was more pronounced at the left ventricle. The innermost trabecular layer showed a constant proliferation activity of 11.0-32.4%. The presence of spatiotemporal differences in the cell proliferation reveals regional regulation in the developmental timing of cardiac development. Functional maturation is considered to be responsible for the change of proliferation activity. The apoptosis was most frequent and intense in the VIF and crux throughout the periods of each embryonal day where as rarely seen in the ventricular myocardium, especially in the trabecular layer of myocardium. These findings suggest that the apoptosis plays the role in the development of atrioventricular, ventriculoarterial septation and valve formation. Our results also reveal that the participation of apoptosis in formation of the trabeculation can be denied.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Cell Proliferation* ; Embryonic Structures ; Heart ; Heart Ventricles ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Mice ; Morphogenesis ; Muscle Cells ; Myocardium ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

No abstract available.
Endoscopy ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage*

The fractures of the distal femur are difficult to treat due to its severity of injuries and various complications. Recently, the complications including nonunion, delayed union and joint stiffness have decreased with development of new fixation device, technics and encouraging the early joint motion. We studied 50 cases of fractures treated at our hospital from January, 1980 to July, 1988 and the results obtained from this study were as follows:1. The age distribution was between 11 and 77 year-old, and the 3rd. 4th. decades were 64 % of total patients. 2. The most common cause of injuries was traffic accident(62%), and the open fractures were more common than the fractures of other reports(48%). 3. The types of fracture were unicondylar(21 cases), simple supracondylar(8), and intercondylar (21), according to Chiron's classification, and the intercondylar fractures were subdivided into type I (2 cases), type II A(6), type II B(10) and type III (3) by Neer's. 4. Among the 50 cases, the conservative treatments were done in 19 cases and the surgical one in 31 cases. The conservative treatments were done for undisplaced or minimal displsced fractures and the cases whose general conditions were so poor that operation were impossible. 5. In surgical treatments, the open reduction and the internal fixation(25 cases), the externsl fixation(4), the knee fusion(1) and the A-K amputation(1) were done. 6. The postoperative complications were joint stiffness(11 cases), malunion(3), delayed union(3) and infection(3). 7. The satisfactory results could be obtained by the open reduction and rigid internal fixation followed by early continous passive motion exercise of knee joint.
Age Distribution ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Femur ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Postoperative Complications

Congenital diaphragmatic eventration is an abnormal elevation of the diaphragm as a result of developmental failure of muscular fibers during the fetal period. Mediastinal shift to the contralateral side may cause significant compression of the affected chest contents resulting in compromised pulmonary function especially when bilaterally involved. The differentiation between congenital diaphragmatic eventration and diaphragmatic hemia is very difficult but eventration has a better perinatal outcome compared to diaphragmatic hernia. We report a case of congenital diaphragmatic eventration on left side with good perinatal outcome after plication in which the initial prenatal diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia was made by prenatal ultrasonography.
Diaphragm ; Diaphragmatic Eventration* ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic* ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Thorax ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Eosinophilia accompanied by eosinophilic invasion and organ dysfunction may develope idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Any organ can be involved including bone marrow, lung, skin, heart, gastrointestinal tract and nervous system. Cough, dyspnea, pleural effusion or chest pain are common pulmonary manifestation, and they may be attributed to parenchymal infiltration, pulmonary embolism or heart failure. We report a 43-year-old woman with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome involving bone marrow, skin, and lung. The patient developed acute dyspnea and chest pain. High resolution CT demonstrated multiple wedge-shaped segmental involvement with pleural effusion thought to be a pulmonary infarction or heart failure. Echocardiography could not find any abnormality. Lung biopsy showed interstitial eosinophilic infiltration with increased eosinophils in BAL fluid. She was treated with high dose corticosteroid and hydroxyurea. Within few days, most of her symptoms disappeared and chest radiography nearly cleared up.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Chest Pain ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Heart ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hydroxyurea ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome* ; Lung ; Nervous System ; Pleural Effusion ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Pulmonary Infarction ; Radiography ; Skin ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Genitalia* ; Poroma*

We experienced clinical improvement by clozapine(mean maintenance dosage: 100mg/day) and antiparkinsonian medication in 68-year-old man, diagnosed both secondary parkinsonism and delusional disorder. This result supports previous reports that clozapine may effectively treat parkinsonism with psychosis.
Aged ; Clozapine* ; Delusions* ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary ; Parkinsonian Disorders* ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia, Paranoid*