BACKGROUND: When going into the intensive care unit (ICU), health care workers (HCWs) and visitors are required to put on cover-gowns and change into slippers, which is considered by some hospitals as one of the customary infection control practices. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cover-gowns and slippers in reducing nosocomial infections in the medical ICU (MICU). METHODS: The study was carried out in four periods. In the period-I (January to June, 2002), all HCWs and visitors put on cover-gowns when entering the MICU, but not in the period-II (July to December, 2002). They were required to change into slippers in the period-III (January to April, 2004), but not in the period-IV (May to August, 2004). RESULTS: Nosocomial infection rates during the period-I and period-II were 14.8 and 12.6 per 100 discharges (P>0.05) or 14.1 and 13.6 per 1,000 patient days (P>0.05), respectively. During the period-III and period-IV respective infection rates were 9.4 and 12.6 (P>0.05) or 10.2 and 15.7 (P>0.05). There were no statistical differences in device utilization ratios, device-associated infection rates, and site of infections (P>0.05) between the periods of I and II or between the periods of III and IV. CONCLUSION: These results showed that the intervention of cover-gown and slipper change is a non-effective factor in reducing nosocomial infections in the MICU; therefore, the infection control practice of cover-gown and slipper changes for HCWs and visitors entering the ICU should be eliminated.
Cross Infection* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Intensive Care Units* ; Critical Care*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide baseline data on paid hospital-caregivers' work performance, degree of importance of caregiving, and their knowledge as well as affecting factors on the level of practice when there is no guardian. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 155 total caregivers working at 9 hospitals. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires in December, 2010. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 17.0. RESULTS: The caregivers' level of practice showed 4.0/5.0 points, degree of importance, 4.4/5.0 points, and knowledge, 4.3/5.0 points. The level of practice was significantly different depending on the hospital types. Significant correlations were found between level of practice, degree of importance and knowledge. The degree of importance and types of hospital attributed to 17.1% of variance in the level of practice. CONCLUSION: A systematic hospital caregivers' program focusing on strategy to enhance caregivers' level of practice, degree of importance and knowledge can be effective for paid hospital-caregivers when there is no guardian.
Caregivers ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: The shelf life should be determined by health care facility's infection control program. The current standards for preserving the sterility can be changing. So, to measure and compare the recontamination time of sterile packs among wrappers and storage conditions, and develop a practical standard for the shelf life and storage conditions of sterile products. The purpose of this study was placed on measurement of the recontamination time in packs wrapped in all kinds of wrapping materials used in Il-San hospital and extra-costs. METHODS: The first phase study was from June to November 2002 and tile second phase study was planned to extend further the shelf life of the pouch bag from December 2002 to June 2003. Total 504 sterile sample packs containing cotton ball (5 cm-length) prepared and wrapped in four wrapping materials (randomized reprocessed two folds of lines, a fold of new craft paper, a fold of new nonwoven fabric, a fold of new pouch bag) and stored in three location (open shell of one of typical wards, open shelf of one of ICUs, open shelf of CSSD). Each type of packs were opened weekly and the cotton balls inoculated into thioglycollate broth at 35degrees C for seven days by infection control nurse. The temperature and relative humidity was monitored monthly. RESULTS: There was on growth found for any types of the pack and storage conditions studied. The temperature and relative humidity of storage locations were 24.8degrees C and 35.5 %. The extra-cost of reprocessing in Ethylene-Oxide gas sterilization was \32,800,000 and Steam sterilization was \36,900,000 by year. CONCLUSION: This study was conducted in attempt to identify the possibility of extending the current shelf life for sterile goods we use in a sense of cost effectiveness. It was possible to extend shelf life from four weeks to six months in the study hospital. We are going to continue this study and take all steps need to apply this new concept to our practice, and then trying to extend to other hospitals.
Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Costs and Cost Analysis* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humidity ; Infection Control ; Infertility ; Steam ; Sterilization

No Abstract available.
Chungcheongnam-do* ; Infection Control*

PURPOSE: The objective of the present study was to develop and evaluate a legal communicable diseases (LCDs) electronic system for infection control. METHOD: The system was developed through the procedure of analysis, design, implementation, application and evaluation, and was applied within an OCS (order communication system). RESULTS: As indicated by the main menu, the present system is composed of an improved perception system for enhancing perception of LCDs, LCDs identification system, and improved efficiency in the report system. Detailed items included in the main menu are introduction and log-in screen, pop-up window for checking the outbreaks of LCDs, decision making icon, electronic signature icon, electronic report form, email system, etc. The total number of reports was greater after the application of the system (n=99) than before (n=80), and the adequacy of report time was statistically significantly higher after application of the system (P<0.05) CONCLUSION: The present system suggests a new method for LCDs report and infection control, and is expected to be adopted by other medical institutions in the future.
Communicable Disease Control ; Communicable Diseases ; Decision Making ; Disease Outbreaks ; Electronic Mail ; Electronics ; Electrons ; Infection Control ; Nitriles ; Pyrethrins

PURPOSE: To determine whether the practice of not routinely changing ventilator circuits in patients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). METHODS: Patients were divided into two groups, ventilator circuits were routinely changed every 7 days for the control group (39) and every 14 days for the experimental group (40) over a period of 1 yr (April 1, 2009-March 31, 2010). Pediatric patients (age 17 yr or less) were not included. VAP was diagnosed by the criteria of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Incidence of VAP and characteristics of infection were evaluated. RESULTS: In the experimental group, 2 episodes of pneumonia were observed in 40 patients and 1,322 ventilator days. The rate of VAP was 1.5 per 1,000 ventilator days. There was 1 episode of pneumonia in 39 patients and 481 ventilator days for the control group. The rate of VAP was 2.1 per 1,000 ventilator days. The difference between both groups was not significant (p=.695). CONCLUSION: Extending ventilator circuit change interval from 7 days to 14 days does not increase the risk for VAP.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/*epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Sputum/microbiology ; Time Factors ; Ventilators, Mechanical

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of preventing CAUTIs through the practice of using 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) versus normal saline for perineal care in ICU patients. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was used, and participants were randomly allocated to either the CHG group (n=79) or normal saline group (n=81). CAUTI was diagnosed following the criteria of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Incidence of CAUTI and characte oftics of infection were evaluated. RESULTS: In the CHG group, 8 epofodes of CAUTI were obsevend in 79 patients and 875 foley catheter e ys. Tnce ate of CAUTI was 9.14 per 1,000 foley catheter e ys. Tncre were 2 epofodes of CAUTI in the 81 patients and 837 foley catheter e ys of the normal saline group. Tnce ate of CAUTI was 2.39 per 1,000 foley catheter e ys. Tnc difference between both groups was not significant (p=.1). CONCLUSION: Using normal saline to provide perineal care to ICU patients with a foley catheter inserted will not increase the risk for CAUTI.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Chlorhexidine ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infection Control ; Critical Care ; Intensive Care Units ; Urinary Tract ; Urinary Tract Infections

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare 1% chlorhexidine-gluconate/61% ethanol (CHG/Ethanol) emollient and 7.5% povidone-iodine (PVI) scrub for antimicrobial,residual effect, and skin condition. METHOD: CHG/Ethanol emollient hand hygiene was performed waterless, and brushless by operating doctors and nurses (N=20). PVI hand washing was performed with water and a brush (N=20) for 5 min. The subjects were asked to press their left hand in hand-shaped agar before a surgical scrub, immediately after a surgical scrub and after the operation. The amount of isolated microorganisms were calculated by counting the number of divided areas(1 X 1 cm, 160 cell) which were culture positive in the hand culture plate. The skin condition was evaluated. RESULT: The antimicrobial count of CHG/Ethanol emollient and PVI immediately post surgical scrub was 0.0 vs. 4.1 (p>.05), and after the operation was 0.1 vs. 37.8 (p>.05)respectively. The Residual effect of CHG/Ethanol emollient immediately post surgical scrub and after the operation were 0.0 vs. 0.1 (p>.05), and PVI were 4.1 vs. 37.8 (p>.05)respectively. The skin condition and satisfaction of CHG/Ethanol emollient was higher than PVI (p<.05). CONCLUSION: The antimicrobial effect between CHG/Ethanol emollient and PVI were the same. Considering skin condition, satisfaction and allergic reaction CHG/Ethanol emollient for surgical scrub is recommended in Korea.
Adult ; Anti-Infective Agents/*pharmacology ; Chlorhexidine/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/pharmacology ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Ethanol/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Female ; Handwashing ; Humans ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Povidone-Iodine/chemistry/*pharmacology

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify factors affecting nurses' burnout in secondary general hospitals. METHODS: Data were collected through structured questionnaires from 241 nurses working at the secondary general hospitals with below 400 beds in the P, C, and S city between April and May, 2009. Data analysis was done with independent t test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple stepwise multiple regression with SPSS WIN v 17.0. RESULTS: Burnout was significantly different according to religion, age, clinical experiences, and shift work. Burnout score of the subjects was 58/100. Burnout of the subjects were positively correlated with job stress and negatively correlated with hardness, self efficiency, self esteem, spiritual wellbeing, social support, and job satisfaction. The explained variances for burnout was 51.8% and factors affecting nurses' burnout in secondary general hospitals were job stress, hardness, self efficiency, job satisfaction and shift work. CONCLUSION: These results showed the significant factors fo nurses' burnout in secondary general hospitals. These findings can be utilized to development of strategies for reducing job stress and enhancing hardness, self efficiency and job satisfaction.
Hardness ; Hospitals, General ; Job Satisfaction ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Concept ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to survey the current state of measles vaccination in university nursing students during a measles outbreak and to identify factors influencing nursing students' vaccination rate. METHODS: In 2014, this study used a self-administered questionnaire to survey 380 university nursing students. Factors influencing measles vaccination were identified through logistic regression analysis using variables between the vaccinated and nonvaccinated groups. RESULTS: Measles vaccination rate was 52.1%. The vaccination rate was significantly higher in juniors, seniors, and those who had heard about measles. In relation to health beliefs, the measles vaccination rate was higher when perceived benefits were high and perceived barriers were low. CONCLUSIONS: A systematic measles vaccination program targeting nursing students upon their entry to university is needed. In order to increase the measles vaccination rate, application of effective promotion campaigns and education programs is necessary.
Adult ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; Female ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Immunization Programs/*statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Measles/*prevention & control ; Republic of Korea ; Students, Nursing/*psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities ; Vaccination/*psychology ; Young Adult