No abstract available.
Osteoporosis* ; Spondylolisthesis*

No abstract available.
Congenital Hypothyroidism*

No abstract available.
beta-Endorphin* ; Exercise* ; Pain Threshold* ; Plasma*

No abstract available.
Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Pancreatic Neoplasms* ; Scalp* ; Thorax*

No abstract available.
Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable* ; Hemorrhage* ; Thrombin*

Forty eight female Sprague-Dawley rats received a subcutaneous implant containing 12.5 mg estradiol ant the age of 3 weeks. Three rats were killed in 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 weeks and in every month during 2~12 months after implantation, and the breasts were examined by light microscope. In all rats, enlargement of terminal end buds was obseved in 1~2 weeks, maximum development of hyperplastic alveolar nodules in 3 weeks, and marked dilatation and secretion of alveoli or ducts in 1~12 months after implantation. Ductal epithelial hyperplasia was observed in 27 rats and carcinomas developed in 23 rats in 2~12 months after implantation. It was thought that the changes induced by estradiol are more similar to the human breast lesions, compared with changes induced by chemical carcinogens such as dimethylbenzanthracene(DMBA), because breast carcinomas developed in close relationship with ductal epithelial hyperplasia in both estradiol-treated rats and humans, but not in DMBA-treated rats.
Female ; Humans ; Rats ; Animals ; Carcinogens

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Syringoma* ; Vulva

Reactive perforating collagenosis(RPC) is a kind of perforating dermatosis characterized by transepidermal elimination of altered dermal collagen. RPC is classified into two forms; childhood or inherited form, and adulthood or acquired form. Acquired RPC is reported to occur in association with the severe complicated diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure and other diseases. We describe a 43-year-old Korean woman with atypical acquired RPC associated with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and severe pruritus. The histopathologic findings of the lesions showed neither transepidermal channel nor cup-shaped epidermal depression. Multiple degenerated collagen bundles arranged vertically and were eliminated through epidermis to the surface individually. Transmission electron microscopic findings showed the same as typical RPC. Skin lesions improved after the insulin subcutaneous injections, UVB phototherapy and antihistamine administration.
Adult ; Collagen ; Depression ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Epidermis ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Insulin ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Phototherapy ; Pruritus ; Skin ; Skin Diseases

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer is adenoma. Adenoma with high grade dysplasia has been known as the lesion having high malignant potentials. The cancer with invasion to mucosa is limted to the mucosa, and it is difficult to pathologically differentiate the adenoma with high grade dysplasia. METHODS: Fifty three adenomas with high grade dysplasia (type I group) and 40 cancers with invasion to mucosa (type II group) for 4 years, were analyzed for the colonoscopic findings and pathological findings before and after EMR. RESULTS: Mean ages were 57.0 years old for type I group and 60.4 for type II group. Chief complaint for colonoscopy was rectal bleeding (21.0%) for type I group, and rectal bleeding (35.0%) for type II group. Mean sizes of the lesions were 1.18 cm for type I group, and 1.71 cm for type II group. Locations of the lesion were rectum 43.4%, sigmoid colon 32.1%, proximal colon 24.5% for type I group, and rectum 45.7%, sigmoid colon 42.9%, proximal colon 11.4% for type II group. Shapes of the lesions were Is 46.9%, Ip 30.6%, Isp 18.4%, LST 4.1% for type I group, and Isp 34.2%, Ip 31.6%, Is 18.4%, LST 5%, IIa depression 5%, Is+IIc 5% for type II group. Methods for therapy were EMR 60.4%, operation 1.9%, electrocoagulation 11.3%, observation 26.4% for type I group, and EMR 85.0%, operation 15.0% for type II group. Pathological agreement before and after EMR was 57.1% for type I group and 31.3% for type II group. CONCLUSIONS: Type II group had more rectal bleeding, larger, more Isp type, more EMR therapy, more pathological disagreement ratio before and after EMR, than type I group.
Adenoma* ; Colon ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Depression ; Electrocoagulation ; Hemorrhage ; Mucous Membrane ; Rectum

BACKGROUND: The treatment of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) remains challenging. Tranexamic acid, a well-known anti-fibrinolytic drug, has recently demonstrated a curative effect towards melasma and ultraviolet-induced PIH in Asian countries. However, the precise mechanism of its inhibitory effect on melanogenesis is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: In order to clarify the inhibitory effect of tranexamic acid on PIH, we investigated its effects on mouse melanocytes (i.e., melan-a cells) and human melanocytes. METHODS: Melan-a cells and human melanocytes were cultured with fractional CO2 laser-treated keratinocyte-conditioned media. Melanin content and tyrosinase activity were evaluated in cells treated with or without tranexamic acid. Protein levels of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 were evaluated in melan-a cells. Signaling pathway molecules involved in melanogenesis in melanoma cells were also investigated. RESULTS: Tranexamic acid-treated melanocytes exhibited reduced melanin content and tyrosinase activity. Tranexamic acid also decreased tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 protein levels. This inhibitory effect on melanogenesis was considered to be involved in extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways and subsequently microphthalmia-associated transcription factor degradation. CONCLUSION: Tranexamic acid may be an attractive candidate for the treatment of PIH.
Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; MART-1 Antigen ; Melanins ; Melanocytes ; Melanoma ; Melanosis ; Mice ; Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor ; Monophenol Monooxygenase ; Phosphotransferases ; Tranexamic Acid*