Prior to the introduction of CT, the clinical and radiological diagnosis of the intraventicular hemorrhage inliving patients was difficult. C.T. scanning is an invaluable investigation provding the rapid and noninvasivediagnosis of intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage. It reliably demonstrated the presence and distributionof fresh blood within the ventricular system. CT is also useful as a surgical guidance and in the evaluation offate of the hematoma by easily performable follow-up studies. We reviewed 3 cases of intraventricular hemorrhagein CT in the departement of radiology of Ewha Womans University hospital during the period from August, 1982 toAugust, 1983. The results were as follows: 1. The most patients were encountered in the 5th decade and the male tofemale ratio was 1.2:1. 2. Hypertension was the main cause of the intraventricular hemorrhage; 18 out of 31patients. Remaning 13 patients were caused by hypoxia, aneurysm, Moya Moya disease, coagulation defect, trauma andundetermined etiology. 3. 18 out of 31 patients showed hemorrhage in the lateral ventricles only and allventricles in 10 patients. 4. 28 out of 31 patients showed associated with intracranial hematoma: Those wereintracerebral hematomas in 16 patients, intracerebral hematoma with subarachnoid hemorrhage in 4 patients andextracerebral hematoma in 2 patients. 5. Outcome was assessed using the Glasgow scale. According to them the totalmortality rate was 54.8%, however, 32.2% of patients retured to normal or minor disablity. Patients, who hadhypertension and markded degree of hemorrhage in the ventricular systems had a poor outcome. Patients with onlyventricular hemorrhage had better outcome than associated intracranial hematoma. 6. 16 out of 31 patients weretreated by surgical methods and 15 out of 31 patients by conservative methods. 75% of patients were died inconservative treatment. 7. Conclusively, causes, degree of intraventricular hemorrhage and associatedintraventricular hematoma play an important role in outcome. And surgical treatment was beneficial in only a smallselective number of cases in intraventricular hemorrhage.
Aneurysm ; Anoxia ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Lateral Ventricles ; Male ; Moyamoya Disease ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A mesenteric cyst is considered one of the rarest type of abdominal tumor. We have experienced unusual case of large mesenteric cyst arising from jejunum in a 10-year-old boy. CT disclosed cystic intrabdominal mesenteric mass with attenuated coefficiency +3-+11 Hounsfield units (HU). Pathologically it was confiremed to be benign mesenteric cyst.
Child ; Humans ; Jejunum ; Male ; Mesenteric Cyst

This study represents the radiologic, histologic features & clinical analysis of hyaline mambrane disease in 47 newborn infants who were delivered in Ewha Womans Univ. Hospital & expired caused by repiratory distress & confirmed by autopsy , during Jan. 1981 to June, 1984. The results were as follows; 1. Classification ofradiolgraphic stage (by Wolfson's criteria); Stage III(34.1%) was the most frequent. 2. Male to female ratio was 2.4:1. 3. Method of delivery; Cesarean section (44.7%) was the highest frequency, compared with percent ofcesarean section to total delivery(29.0%). 4. Distribution of birth weight; 1.0-2.0 Kg(48.9%) was the mostfrequent. 5. Distribution of gestational period; 32-36 weeks (29.8%) was the most frequent. 6. Complication; Pulmonary hemorrhage(31.9%) was the most frequent, in order, subarachnoid hemorrhage & pneumothorax were followed.7. Final diagnosis of hyaline membrane disease was based on histo-pathologic diagnosis.
Autopsy ; Birth Weight ; Cesarean Section ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Hyaline Membrane Disease ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Methods ; Pneumothorax ; Pregnancy ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

The congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung is an unusual pulmonary entity, and usuallysymptomatic in infancy with sign of resiratory distress. This abnormality consists of enlarged, multicystic lobewith smooth-walled cysts of variable sized, which can communicate with major bronchi through malformed air passagethat usually lacks in cartilage. Roentgenographic findings are three types. First type is multicystic patternshowing various sized of cysts and causing mediastinal shift with pulmonary herniation. Second type is dominantcystic pattern underlying multicystic lesion, Third type is solid homogenous mass. Prompt surgical resection ischoice of treatment. We recently experienced a case of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung of27 day female in fant and report with reviwe of literatures.
Bronchi ; Cartilage ; Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital ; Female ; Humans ; Lung

Protein S (PS) deficiency is a rare blood disorder associated with thrombosis. Only a small number of cases of isolated celiac artery dissection can be found in the literature. We now report a case of isolated celiac artery dissection and splenic infarction in a 44-year old male with PS deficiency. Abdominal computed tomography revealed celiac artery dissection and splenic infarction. The patient's PS activity was 64% (nl : 70~140%) upon admission and 52% four weeks later. He was started on a regimen of NPO, antibiotics, and analgesics. He resumed oral intake of food and drugs on hospital day 3 and was discharged to his home on hospital day 8. We report a case of isolated celiac artery dissection with splenic infarction in a patient with PS deficiency that improved with conservative treatment. The patient's management did not include anti-platelet/thrombotic agents or endovascular/operational procedures.
Analgesics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Celiac Artery ; Humans ; Male ; Protein S ; Protein S Deficiency ; Splenic Infarction ; Thrombosis

Solitary fibrous tumor, a mesenchymal neoplasm that arises most commonly from the pleura of the lung, has been described in a variety of extrapleural sites including the abdominal cavity, soft tissue, upper respiratory tract and rarely in head and neck region. We present a rare case of solitary fibrous tumor that occurred in the sublingual gland. A 52-year old woman presented with a painless mass in the left side of the floor of mouth. The tumor was well-demarcated and easily dissected, and it showed highly cellular areas of spindle cells with pattern-less architecture alternating with hypocellular areas. The tumor cells were positive for CD34 but negative for cytokeratins and S-100 protein. During the 12 months of follow-up, there was no recurrence of tumor growth.
Abdominal Cavity ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Humans ; Keratins ; Lung ; Mouth Floor ; Neck ; Pleura ; Recurrence ; Respiratory System ; S100 Proteins ; Salivary Glands ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors ; Sublingual Gland

Primary ovarian lymphoma is a rare malignancy whose symptoms or signs are usually nonspecific. In this article, we report a very rare case initially presenting as a rectal submucosal-tumor-like lesion with a defecation disturbance caused by primary ovarian lymphoma with bilateral involvement. A 42-year-old woman visited chungnam national university hospital complaining of persistent defecation disturbance for 6 months. Colonoscopy demonstrated compression of the rectum by an extrinsic mass mimicking a rectal submucosal tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging detected bilateral ovarian tumors, 9.3 cm and 5.4 cm each in diameter, compressing the rectum without enlarged lymph nodes. The diagnosis was established following a bilateral adnexectomy and histological studies of the excised tissue. The tumor was classified as a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The patient was prescribed six cycles of standard CHOP (cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) regimen and is presently on treatment.
Adult ; Colonoscopy ; Defecation ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Rectum ; Vincristine

PURPOSE: Peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis remains one of the most common causes of hospitalization and discontinuation of peritoneal dialysis. Patient education and the individual environment play a significant role in improving the clinical outcomes. Therefore, this study focused on the preventive effects of practical training on the spot for peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis in continous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients who were started on CAPD were as the primary intended treatment modality. The patients were given to a questionnaire regarding their gender, age, place of residence, level of education, economic status, sterile technique, knowledge of personal hygiene, placing a correct region for exchanging a fluid bag, and their duration of CAPD. During a home visit, the patients were instructed in how to sterilize the region of dialysis and maintain sterility in dialysis. RESULTS: Seventy four cases of peritonitis from 35 patients were identified over the 2 year's period. In the rural residences where there is a lower socio-economic status, the rates of peritonitis decreased in those patients who had received training on the spot within 6 months from the start of peritoneal dialysis compared with the patients after the 6 month period. Lower rates of peritonitis were noted in the patients who received training earlier (r=0.19, p=0.03). CONCLUSION: Ongoing and repetitive individualized education is needed to prevent peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis. The incidence of peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis can be reduced by educating these patients individually.
Dialysis ; Education ; Hospitalization ; House Calls ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Incidence ; Infertility ; Patient Education as Topic ; Peritoneal Dialysis* ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Clostridium difficile colitis (CDC) is a nosocomial infection. We attempted to discover the risk factors for the development of CDC in patients admitted to our surgical ward. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients admitted to our surgical ward between January 2010 and July 2011. CDC was confirmed when toxin A/B or toxin B polymerase chain reaction was detected in the stool and clinical symptoms, such as diarrhea, were present. We divided patients into the CDC and non-CDC groups, and compared the clinical features between the two groups. RESULTS: The rate of CDC occurrence was 0.4% (19/4,720 patients). Univariate analysis showed that colectomy (P < 0.001), hospital stays longer than 10 days (P < 0.001), aged over 55 years (P < 0.001) and transfer from medical ward (P = 0.009) were significant parameters for CDC. Multivariate analysis showed that colectomy (P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR], 8.405; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.927 to 24.132) and hospital stays longer than 10 days (P = 0.035; OR, 10.253; 95% CI, 1.176 to 89.392) were high risk factors for CDC occurrence in the surgical ward. CONCLUSION: The risk factors for CDC in a surgical ward could be colectomy and a long duration of hospitalization. Therefore, clinicians should consider the possibility of CDC when patients undergo colectomy, are admitted for a long time, and have postoperative diarrhea.
Aged ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Clostridium ; Clostridium difficile ; Colectomy ; Colitis ; Cross Infection ; Diarrhea ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a hyperglycemic condition caused by increased insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion during pregnancy. It is known to be temporary, but it can cause perinatal complications in the mother and baby. Additionally, it may progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the present study, we evaluated the risk factors for complications and progression to T2DM in patients with GDM. METHODS: The study included 130 pregnant women who were diagnosed with GDM at gestational weeks 24-28 in 2011. Body mass index and the levels of glucose, total cholesterol, lipoproteins, and coagulation factors (von Willebrand factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) were assessed in all patients. RESULTS: The level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly lower and the triglyceride/HDL ratio and coagulation factor levels were significantly higher in the group of patients with perinatal complications compared to those in the group of patients without complications. After delivery, the level of HDL was lower and the value of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was higher in women with impaired glucose metabolism compared to those in women with normal glucose metabolism. In logistic regression analysis, perinatal complications were independently associated with HDL and PAI-1 levels (OR = 0.929 and 1.101, respectively). CONCLUSION: The findings of our study show that the levels of HDL and coagulation factors are notable risk factors of perinatal complications. Additionally, we showed that lower HDL level may influence the progression to T2DM. Large-scale population studies are needed to verify our findings.
Blood Coagulation Factors ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diabetes, Gestational* ; Female ; Glucose ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipoproteins ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; Logistic Models ; Metabolism ; Mothers ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; Plasminogen Activators ; Postpartum Period* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Risk Factors* ; von Willebrand Factor