No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Humans ; Male*

BACKGROUND: High-frequency jet ventilaion is considered a reliable technique for anesthesia and critical care including respiratory failure but there are adverse reactions such as carbon dioxide retension and dry of respiratory mucosa. The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of combined high- frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) and converntional mechanical ventilation (CMV) on the cardiovascular system, arterial blood gases tension and mean airway pressure in 9 Korea mongrel dogs with pulmonary edema induced by oleic acid. METHODS: During CMV with 20 breaths/minute, 10 ml/kg of tidal volume and F1O2 1.0, parameers were evaluated (base line value). When pulmonary edema was developed, HFJV was applied initially with 120 breaths/minute, inspiratory time 30% and driving pressure 40 psi F1O2 1.0 for 60 minutes (control value) and thereafter simultaneous use of CMV was applied with the tidal volume of 10 ml/kg and each respiratory rate 8, 4, 2, 1, 0.5 per minute for 30 minutes. RESULTS: Combined application of HFJV and CMV (above repiratory rate 1 per minute) achieved the improvement of oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination, and Paw was decreased without undesirable effects on cardiovascular system in case of the induced pulmonary edema. CONCUSIONS: From above results we recommanded that HFJV combined with CMV may be a useful method of treatment for respiratory failure.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cardiovascular System ; Critical Care ; Dogs* ; Gases ; High-Frequency Jet Ventilation* ; Korea ; Oleic Acid* ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Edema* ; Respiration, Artificial* ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Respiratory Mucosa ; Respiratory Rate ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilation

PURPOSE: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is defined as a cluster of inter-connected metabolic disorders involving the glucose metabolism, dyslipidaemia, high blood pressure, and abdominal obesity. The worldwide prevalence has been rapidly increasing to approximately 20~25%, and the prevalence in Korea as of 2012 was reported to be 31.3%. The association of MetS with various diseases needs to be analyzed by conducting an investigation of frequently consumed foods, such as dairy products, fish, and shellfish in prediabetic subjects. METHODS: The dietary intake of subjects who met the criteria of the study from January to December 2015 was assessed using the 24-hour recall method. After adjusting the age, sex, BMI, and total energy intake, which are confounding factors that may affect the dietary intake of the subjects, the associations of dairy products, fish, and shellfish intake with the MetS risk factors was analyzed. RESULTS: In prediabetes, the intake of subjects who consumed more than the dairy products median (187.0 g) and the elevation risk of TC [OR, 2.369; 95% CI, 1.057 to 5.312] showed a significant positive association. In prediabetes, the intake of subjects who consumed more than the fish and shellfish median (44.0 g) and the elevation risk of BP showed a significantly weak negative association [OR, 0.073; 95% CI, 0.010 to 0.520]. The probability that the blood LDL cholesterol was ≥ 100 mg/dL decreased 0.397 times [95% CI, 0.189 to 0.832]. CONCLUSION: To control the metabolic risk factors of pre-diabetic and vascular disease subjects, proper dairy, fish and shellfish intake will be important.
Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Dairy Products* ; Energy Intake ; Glucose ; Hypertension ; Korea* ; Metabolism ; Methods ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Prediabetic State* ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Shellfish* ; Vascular Diseases

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Anatomic landmarks have been used in the orientation of occlusal plane and the determination of vertical dimension for edentulous patients. Such as labial vestibules of anterior region and hamular notches, retromolar pads of posterior region are very useful anatomic landmarks for fabrication of occlusion rim because they are to be identified on master casts. Therefore, if average distances between landmarks of maxillae and mandible in dentate subjects are measured and applied, not only occlusal plane but also vertical dimension can be established initially. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to measure vertical distances between anatomic landmarks and to present a guide to the orientation of occlusal plane and the determination of vertical dimension of edentulous patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Upper and lower border-molded casts were made in 93 Korean dentulous subjects, mean age 25 years. Incisal edges of central incisors, bottoms of labial vestibules, hamular notches and the half level of retromolar pads were marked on casts. Measurements of vertical distances from incisal edge of central incisor to the bottom of labial vestibule, between upper and lower bottoms of labial vestibules, from hamular notch to retromolar pad and from hamular notch to the occlusal plane established by the incisal edge of maxillary central incisor and mesiopalatal cusps of both maxillary first molars were made on each cast. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 1. The mean distance from the incisal edge of central incisor to the bottom of labial vestibule was 20.8mm(SD 1.7) on upper casts and 17.3mm(SD 1.4) on lower casts. 2. The mean distance between both bottoms of labial vestibules of upper and lower casts was 35.0mm(SD 2.7). 3. The mean distance from hamular notch to the half level of retromolar pad was 5.0mm(SD 1.3). 4. The mean distance from hamular notch to occlusal plane was 7.9mm(SD 1.5). 5. Distances from incisal edge of central incisor to labial vestibule on lower casts(p<0.01) and from hamular notch to retromolar pad(p<0.0001) were greater in male than in female.
Adult* ; Anatomic Landmarks ; Dental Occlusion* ; Dentition* ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Vertical Dimension*

Local alignment is an important task in molecular biology to see if two sequences contain regions that are similar. The most popular approach to local alignment is the use of dynamic programming due to Smith and Waterman, but the alignment reported by the Smith-Waterman algorithm has some undesirable properties. The recent approach to fix these problems is to use the notion of normalized scores for local alignments by Arslan, Egecioglu and Pevzner. In this paper we consider the problem of finding all local alignments whose normalized scores are above a given threshold, and present a fast heuristic algorithm. Our algorithm is 180-330 times faster than Arslan et al.''s for sequences of length about 120 kbp and about 40-50 times faster for sequences of length about 30 kbp.
Molecular Biology

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Typhlitis*

We described the clinical manifestation of herpes zoster in thirteen children with underlying malignancies. Among the associated malignancies, hematologic malignancy including acute lymphotytic leukemia was the commonest and CNS tumors were also frequently associated. Pain was mild, and some showed high fever and abnormal liver function test results. Recurrent attacks were observed in 3 cases(23%). Thoracic segment and trigeminal nerve were commonly affected. In most cases, herpes zoster developed within two years after the diagnosis of the malignancy.
Child* ; Diagnosis ; Fever ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Herpes Zoster* ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Liver Function Tests ; Trigeminal Nerve

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to determine whether the corpus callosum is involved in pathophysiology of schizophrenia and measured corpus callosal areas of first episode, chronic schizophrenic patients and controls. METHODS: We obtained the brain magnetic resonance imaging of 23 schizophrenic inpatients(15 males, 8 females)and 23 controls(11 males, 12 females)with simple headache or dizziness. Among the schizophrenic group, first episode patients were 13, chronic patients were 10. In mid-sagittal plane, the corpus callosum was divided into 7 areas and the cerebral area was measured. This data was analyzed with NIH image 1.60 software. We compared the corpus callosal areas of schizophrenics with controls by t-test and by ANOVA according to sex. Thereafter, ANCOVA was performed with mid-sagittal cerebral area as covariant. Comparison of first episode, chronic schizophrenics and controls was carried out by MANCOVA that was adjusted with age and mid-sagittal cerebral area. RESULTS: The schizophrenics, compared with controls, had smaller corpus callosal areas except for the 3rd, 6th callosal area, but statistical significance was absent. According to sex, male schizophrenics had insignificantly smaller total callosal areas than male controls and female schizophrenics had larger ones. In comparision of first episode, chronic schizophrenic patients and controls, first episode patients had smaller every corpus callosal areas than chronic ones, chronic ones had larger total callosal area than controls and first episode ones had smaller total area than controls, but statistical significances were absent also. CONCLUSION: Our study did not reveal the structural abnormality of corpus callosum in schizophrenic patients, but many controversial results have been reported in other studies. This inter-study inconsistency could be explained by the hypotheses of not only clinical but also biological different phenotypes within the schizophrenia.
Brain ; Corpus Callosum ; Dizziness ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Phenotype ; Schizophrenia

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a leading cause of cardioembolic stroke, which is often fatal or disabling. Prevention of stroke is crucial in AF management, and anticoagulation with non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) is the mainstay of AF management for stroke prevention. Because NOAC prescriptions have been surging worldwide, the development of acute ischemic stroke in patients with AF who receive NOAC treatment is an increasingly important issue in clinical practice. Moreover, these patients show a high risk of recurrence, with more than a 50% higher risk, than do patients with AF and no prior anticoagulation therapy. Careful evaluation is mandatory to determine possible causes of ischemic stroke during NOAC therapy. Differentiation of AF-unrelated stroke and demonstration of combined cardiac disease/systemic coagulopathy are important in these patients and may provide improved results in their treatment. In addition, ensuring appropriate dosing and good adherence to NOAC treatment is important. Cardioembolism, despite sufficient anticoagulation and no other causes, is the most common and challenging complication because switching to anticoagulants or adding antiplatelets to the treatment regimen does not reduce the risk of recurrent stroke, and there are no guidelines for this specific situation. This review article aimed to present the most updated data on the prevalence, causes, and secondary prevention strategies, specifically focusing on non-pharmacological approaches, together with relevant cases of AF in patients who developed ischemic stroke on NOAC therapy.

BACKGROUND: Mutations of p53 gene, rarely found in leukemia, result in accumulation of mutated p53 protein in the nuclei of tumor cells, which can be detected by immunohistochemistry. Lately, anti-p53 antibodies were found in the sera of patients who had solid tumors as a result of immune response to accumulation of mutated p53 protein in tumor cells. METHODS: For investigation of the clinical implication of cellular p53 protein overexpression and serum p53 antibody, immunohistochemical staining for p53 protein of B-5 fixed paraffin embedded bone marrow biopsies and enzyme immunoassay for the presence of anti-p53 antibodies of sera were performed simultanously; in 58 cases of AML, 34 cases of ALL, 11 cases of acute leukemia at relapse, 13 cases of CML in chronic phase and 5 cases of CLL. RESULTS: Overexpression of p53 protein was found in 9.1%(11/121) of all leukemias, with 8.6% of AML with predominance of M6, 5.9% of ALL, 18.2% of acute leukemia at relapse and 40% of CLL, but not found in CML. Serum anti-p53 antibodies were found in 5.8%(7/121) of all leukemias, with 6.9% of AML and 5.9% of ALL, 9.1% of acute leukemia at relapse, but not found in chronic leukemias. In AML and ALL, age, sex, hemoglobin, leukocyte count, platelet count and blast % were not related with p53 protein expression. The AML patients with p53 protein overexpression have more unfavorable karyotypes(complex karyotype, -5, -7 and t(10;11)), with shorter overall survival as compared to those without p53 protein overexpression. The presence of serum anti-p53 antibodies was not related with clinical findings of leukemias. CONCLUSIONS: The indications are that p53 gene alterations will contribute to disease development and progression in some specific patients with leukemia, due to the rare frequency of overexpression of p53 protein and serum anti-p53 antibodies in leukemia. Analysis of the p53 protein and serum p53 antibodies could screen p53 gene mutation and predict prognosis for some leukemias.
Antibodies* ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunohistochemistry ; Karyotype ; Leukemia* ; Leukocyte Count ; Paraffin ; Platelet Count ; Prognosis ; Recurrence