The basic criteria of facial reconstruction with the flap are consisted of easy and wide applicability, good color and texture matching to the face and reliable anatomical basis. On these points, the submental island flap is superior to other regional flaps such as tissue expansion technique and free flaps It is based on the submental vessels branching from the facial vessels located at the medial groove of submandibular gland. Its pedicle has a reliable course along the inferior border of mandible with a constant distance and its perforator(s) is (are) located at the submental area around the anterior belly of digastric muscle. We report on its use in 4 cases of facial resurfacing on the cheek, the preauricular area and the nose in arteriovenous malformation and malignant skin cancer patients. The mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric muscles could be included within the flap and the reverse submental island flap was also useful for obtaining the wide rotation of arc. The mean follow-up period was 8.3 months and the results were satisfactory to the patients. The submental island flap is reliable flap for facial resurfacing because of its good color and texture, acceptable donor scars, and thin, flexible flap. The flap also can incorperate with the skin, the muscle, and the bone in case of complicated facial defects. The long vascular pedicle also enables a wide applicability of the flap And also it can be used as a free flap, expanded flap and reverse island flap for the facial resurfacing.
Arteriovenous Malformations ; Cheek ; Cicatrix ; Follow-Up Studies ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Mandible ; Muscles ; Nose ; Skin ; Skin Neoplasms ; Submandibular Gland ; Tissue Donors ; Tissue Expansion

Both eruptive vellus hair cyst and steatocystoma multiplex are uncommon conditions. There are clinical similarities between these two entities, but histological features are distinctive. We describe a patient with multiple subcutaneous nodules on the chest and both axilla, showing combined histological features of both an eruptive vellus hair cyst and steatocystoma multiplex. This case suggests that eruptive vellus hair cyst and steatocystoma multiplex are variants of one disorder which originate in the pilosebaceous duct.
Axilla ; Hair* ; Humans ; Steatocystoma Multiplex* ; Thorax

There are some effective methods for removing layers of skin to improve aging face and dermatologic defects : chemabrasion (chemical peeling), dermabrasion(surgical removal), laserabrasion. Chemabrasion, generally performed with a chemical solution, is most useful for removal of fine facial wrinkles and abnormal pigmentation. The application of chemical caustics, especially TCA (trichloroacetic acid), is known to be an effective and is now commonly practiced to improve the surface of the facial skin that has been blemished by pigmentation, wrinkles, solar damage and certain scars. Trichloroacetic acid is a colorless melting crystal and derivatives of acetic acid which das protein precipitating properties. It has specific odor but there is not systemic toxic effect like a phenol. It has heavy caustic effect on skin and mucosa and cause the coagulation necrosis of the skin and therefore, it must be handled carefully and stored in the proper condition. Especially, moderate to high concentrated TCA solution must be treated by well-trained persons. A 46-year-old woman visited a private clinic for removal of fine wrinkles around the lip. She was refered to our department because of acute upper lip coagulation necrosis which was caused by injection of 35% TCA solution mistaken for lidocaine, which was supposed to be used for anesthesia. At her arrival, cental half of upper lip showed severe coagulation necrosis. The lesion was well discriminated in a few days, then debridement and immediate reconstruction was done using an Abbe flap. Chemical peeling is a relatively effective procedure for improvement of aging skin lesion in a lower cost with a short time operation, if the practitioner has much experience and optimal indication is properly selected. But not so as, side effect and complication may be often ocurred in a mistake and as a result irreversible scars are remained. We experienced a rare case of upper lip necrosis which was caused by TCA injection mistaked for lidocaine in a private clinic and so, We report this case with the results of experiment of rabbit model which was observation of macroscopic and microscopic changes of the abdominal skin of the rabbit injected with serially diluted TCA solution.
Acetic Acid ; Aging ; Anesthesia ; Caustics ; Cicatrix ; Debridement ; Female ; Freezing ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Lip* ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; Necrosis* ; Odors ; Phenol ; Pigmentation ; Skin ; Trichloroacetic Acid

The management of skin and soft tissue defects on the buttock, perineum and lower abdomen has been improved through the development of myocutaneous flap. However, sacrifice of the deep muscles causes some problems such as intraoperative bleeding and functional disabilities of donor sites. And we can not also control the volume of the flap for the skin reliability of myocutaneous flaps. To overcome these disadvantages, we tried perforator-based myocutaneous island flaps for the reconstruction of the sacral, ischial sores or deep wounds of the perineum and lower abdomen. During the dissection of the flap, we could control the volume and shape of the flap exactly depending on the perforators. Clinically, total of 14 cases were treated with 10 parasacral perforator-based myocutaneous island flaps and 4 perforator-based extended myocutaneous island flaps. Parasacral flap is based on the parasacral perforators along the lateral sacral border and, the degree of containing muscles can be easily decided according to the depth of wound. In the cases of the extended myocutaneous flaps, we could design the perforator-based skin flap on the tip of myocutaneous island flap and appropriate volume of skin falp was obtained with the wide arc of rotation. Finally, the donor defect could be closed primarily and there was no significant sequela. There perforator-based myocutaneous island flaps require no significant sacrifice of the muscles and can be easily dissected and applied with the appropriate volumes for the reconstruction of the defect on the buttocks, perineum and lower abdomen.
Abdomen ; Buttocks ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Muscles ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Perineum ; Skin ; Surgical Flaps ; Tissue Donors ; Wounds and Injuries*

The reconstruction of pressure sore is often complicated problem due to underlying disease and general condition of the patients. Sometimes, it is too radical to use the muscle or musculocutaneous flap for the patients who has severe systemic disease and can not withstand the lengthy operation or the patients who already recovered from paraplegic condition and has no risk recurrence. To get over these problems, we recently have used the parasacral perforator-based island skin flaps for the sacral pressure sores. This flap is based on the axial pattern perforators originating from the internal pudendal artery and lateral sacarl artery. We performed this operation for 11 sacral sores with reasonable results. There was no significant complication, and duration of operation was relatively short and blood loss was a little. We concluded that this flap was useful for the patient with sacral pressure sore who could be categorized nontraumatic nonparaplegic group(NTNP group) or nontraumatic paraplegic group(NTP group). But this island flap has drawback, which is elimination of sensory nerve within the flap.
Arteries ; Humans ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Pressure Ulcer* ; Recurrence ; Skin*

No abstract available.

46, XX male is a rare sex cluomasomal constitution characterized by the development of bilateral testis in persons who lack a Y chomosome. The majority of affected persons have normal external genitalia and usually seek medical advice due to infertility, hypogonadism and/or gynecomastia in adulthood. Although Y chromosomsl sequences can be detected in the majority of male subjects with 46, XX karyotype, several studies have shown thst approximately 10 % of patients lack Y chromosomal material including the SRY ( sex-determining region of Y-chromosome) gene. Several hypothesis have been proposed to explain the etiology of this constitution. 1. Translocation of the testis-determining factor (TDF) fiom the Y to the X chromosome or autosome. 2. Acquisition of Y chromosome function by a mutant autosomal or X-linked gene. 3. Undetected mosaicism with Y-bearing cell line 4. Loss of Y chmmosome hom the XXY Klinefelter zygote. We experienced a case of 46, XX male who was 30 years old. We report a case with review of the literature.
Adult ; Cell Line ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Genes, X-Linked ; Genitalia ; Gynecomastia ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Infertility ; Karyotype ; Male* ; Mosaicism ; Sex-Determining Region Y Protein ; Testis ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome ; Zygote

No abstract available.
Facial Nerve* ; Fetus*

No abstract available.
Hematoma*

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relation between diagnostic clinical parameters and the depth of trophoblastic invasion in tubal pregnancy and decide the most predictable parameter. Methods: Total 50 patients who were confirmed as tubal pregnancy pathologically, from Jan. to Dec. 1997, were included in this study. Menstrual missed periods was calculated by clinical history, volume of gestational mass was calculated as sphere, beta-hCG was titered with preoperative blood sample. All surgical specimens were examined pathologically and divided into two groups such as intraluminal and extraluminal, defined as intact tubal musculature and trophoblastic invasion beyond musculature, n=22 and n=28, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed among three parameters and between each parameter and the depth of trophoblastic invasion. Statistical analysis included were Student's t-test, Chi square, linear regression, and linear correlation analysis using SPSS statistical package and statistical significance was determined as p<0.05. RESULTS: There was a correlation between volume of gestational mass and beta-hCG(p<0.05), but not between beta-hCG and missed period or volume of gestational mass and missed period. beta-hCG level was 1843.7+/-1524.7 mIU/ml(Mean+/-SD) in intraluminal and 12144.3+/-10561.6 mIU/ml(Mean+/-SD) in extraluminal. There was a predictive correlation between beta-hCG and the depth of trophoblastic invasion(p<0.05), and cut off level 3,500 mIU/ml showed the highest sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, 0.79, 0.86, 0.88, 0.76, respectively. Two parameters(volume of gestational mass and missed period) had no ability to predict whether intraluminal or extraluminal. CONCLUSION: We suggest that successful medical treatment of tubal pregnancy depend on lesional intactness of vasculature for drug delivery. In patient selection for medical treatment, it should be important to predict intraluminal type because of intact vasculature. Of clinical parameters, beta-hCG is single most predictive parameter, cut off level of 3,500 mIU/ml was the most reasonable level in this study.
Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Patient Selection ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Trophoblasts*