125 cases of traumatic intracerebral hematoma among 935 head injury in-patients were diagnosed with brain computed tomography in the department of neurosurgery, Chungnam National University hospital from Feb. 1986 to Feb. 1990. The authors attempted to analyse these cases clinically by reviews them with pertinent literature. The results were summarized as follows ; 1) The common age incidence was between fifth and sixth decade and almost all patients were male. 2) The most common cause of trauma was traffic accident. 3) The most common site of hematoma was the frontal lobe followed by temporal lobe. 4) There were 39 cases(31.2%) that had hematoma with contralateral skull fracture. 5) Subdural hematoma was the most common combined single lesion. 6) Almost all of the medically treated patients had a hematoma amount below 20cc. 7) The total mortality rate of the patients was 27.2%. 8) High GCS score at admission was good prognostic factor. However, pupil abnormality and rigidity at admission were poor prognostic factors.
Accidents, Traffic ; Brain ; Cerebral Hemorrhage, Traumatic* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Frontal Lobe ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mortality ; Neurosurgery ; Pupil ; Skull Fractures ; Temporal Lobe ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

This study examined the late pathological finding, clinical manifestation, and mortality in thirty-two rats with cerebral infarction induced by common carotied artery ligation. Thirty-two rats were divided into three group : Group A-a unilateral common carotid artery ligation group of twelve animals, Group B-a total common carotid artery ligation one side and partial common carotid artery ligation another side of eighteen animals, and Group C-bilateral common carotid arteries ligation of two animal. All animals surviving for 3 weeks were sacrified by intracardial injection of 2 M KCI 5cc and 2.5cc of 2% T.T.C. solution was infused into each common carotid arteries. The brain was rapidly rmoved and sectioned coronally and examined with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope for degree of T.T.C. stain and infarction. Brain was fixed and examined histologically. The results were as follows : 1) Mortality rate of each group : a unilateral common carotid artery ligation group was 16.67%, a total. Common carotid artery ligation on side and partial common carotid artery ligation another side group was 77.78%, and bilateral common arteries ligation group was 100%. 2) Clinical manifestation was showed as follows : hemiparesis, circling movement, abnormal seizure like activity, and ptosis. 3) Percent hemispheric volume infarction(%HVI) was 40%(mean value) in unilateral total common carotid artery ligation and 60% in total ligation one side and 46.25% in partial ligation another side. 4) The pathological change was signigicantly visible in bilateral ligation group.
Animals ; Arteries ; Brain ; Carotid Artery, Common* ; Cerebral Infarction ; Dyskinesias ; Infarction ; Ligation* ; Mortality ; Paresis ; Rats* ; Seizures

The autors reported a giant aneurysm in the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery which occurred after head trauma. The patient was a 24 year old man who had suffered massive epistaxis with hyoptension about 25 days after a traffic accident. On plain skull X-ray, there was evidence of a basal skull fracture and a linear fracture at the right frontotemporal area. The computed tomographic scan revealed round, well enhanced density in the sellar region. During a reattack of massive epistaxis, emergency carotid angiography showed a right cavernous-internal carotid artery aneurysm with a small extravasation of dye into the sphenoid sinus.
Accidents, Traffic ; Aneurysm* ; Angiography ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Emergencies ; Epistaxis* ; Humans ; Skull ; Skull Fractures ; Sphenoid Sinus ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze research in the Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing and to suggest further perspective for rehabilitation nursing research. METHOD: In this study we reviewed the contents of 134 articles published in this journal from its beginning year 1998 to 2004. RESULTS: The majority of subjects were adult patients. The type of disease were Cerebrovascular Accident, Neuromuscular disease, Cancer patients, Urogenital disease such as Chronic Renal Failure, Spinal cord injury. Domain of research almost was client, type of research were survey (34.3%), quasi experimental study (20.9%), correlation study (19.4%). Nursing intervention of experimental study was exercise (39.0%), education (17.1%). Place of data collection was hospital (58.2%), position of researcher was professor (67.2%), method of data collection was questionnaire (50.7%). CONCLUSION: There has been a lack of written consent, child rehabilitation, measurement tool development, qualitative research. More studies about rehabilitation nursing are needed to extend the role and fields for professional nursing.
Adult ; Child ; Data Collection ; Education ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Neuromuscular Diseases ; Nursing ; Qualitative Research ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation Nursing* ; Rehabilitation* ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Statistics as Topic ; Stroke

The authors report a cases of the epidermoid cyst which manifested neuralgia on the 2nd and 3rd brances of the trigeminal nerve. The tumor was located in the cerebelloponitine angle, Lt. The cyst content and tumor capsule surrounding the trigeminal nerve were removed. After surgery, the chief complaint disappeared and other complications were absent. In the patient, the computed tomography scan demonstrated a hypodense tumor not enhanced by contrast material. With magnetic resonance imaging, the tumor showed a intermediate signal intensity between the brain and CSF on the T1-seighted image and an increased signal intensity relative to brain CSF on T2-weighted image. In the patient with trigeminal pain, we have to evaluate the causes of the pain radiologically.
Brain ; Epidermal Cyst* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuralgia ; Trigeminal Nerve ; Trigeminal Neuralgia*

The purpose of this study is to develop the standards of care in rehabilitation nurse specialist. This study was a descriptive survey. The data were collected 143 nurses who were worked in rehabilitation unit at 4 university hospital and 3 rehabilitation center in Korea from Aug. to Nov. 2000. The questionnaire was consisted of 78 items developed by the standards of care in rehabilitation nurse specialist in A.R.N. and the practice contents of care at rehabilitation unit in Korea. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, S.D. ANOVA The results are as follows 1. For the adequency of the practice contents of rehabilitation nursing, area of skin care is the highest score, and safety, elimination, emotion, respiration, was ordered. 2. The adequency of the practice contents of rehabilitation nursing according to age, educational level. position. clinical experience, clinical experience in rehabilitation unit were significant difference.
Korea ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation Centers ; Rehabilitation Nursing ; Rehabilitation* ; Respiration ; Skin Care ; Specialization* ; Standard of Care*

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells are known to play important roles in autoimmunity, infectious diseases and cancers. However, little is known about the roles of these invariant T cells in multiple trauma. The purposes of this study were to examine MAIT and NKT cell levels in patients with multiple trauma and to investigate potential relationships between these cell levels and clinical parameters. The study cohort was composed of 14 patients with multiple trauma and 22 non-injured healthy controls (HCs). Circulating MAIT and NKT cell levels in the peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry. The severity of injury was categorised according to the scoring systems, such as Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II, and Injury Severity Score (ISS). Circulating MAIT and NKT cell numbers were significantly lower in multiple trauma patients than in HCs. Linear regression analysis showed that circulating MAIT cell numbers were significantly correlated with age, APACHE II, SAPS II, ISS category, hemoglobin, and platelet count. NKT cell numbers in the peripheral blood were found to be significantly correlated with APACHE II, SAPS II, and ISS category. This study shows numerical deficiencies of circulating MAIT cells and NKT cells in multiple trauma. In addition, these invariant T cell deficiencies were found to be associated with disease severity. These findings provide important information for predicting the prognosis of multiple trauma.
APACHE ; Autoimmunity ; Cell Count ; Cohort Studies ; Communicable Diseases ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Linear Models ; Multiple Trauma* ; Natural Killer T-Cells* ; Physiology ; Platelet Count ; Prognosis ; T-Lymphocytes*

PURPOSE: This study was to suggest the direction to the exercise intervention development for the stroke survivors. METHOD: 12 domestic and 54 foreign research papers about the exercise intervention for the stroke patients published during 1998~2007 were analyzed. RESULT: Among the papers, quasi-experimental design(75.8%) and multidisciplinary approach(60.6%) were the most frequent ones. The mean age of the respondents was 63.3 and the intervention was supplied for 7.14 weeks. The frequency of exercise was 3.87 per week and the exercise time was 1.88 hours. And physical research variables - such as ambulation, muscle strength, activities of daily living and balance - were more than psychosocial variables. This study suggested that the exercise intervention for the stroke survivors need to include aerobic exercise, muscle strengthening exercise, flexible exercise, body coordination, balance exercise. In addition we confirmed that the exercise intervention was revealed as an effective physiological parameters; such as maximum oxygen uptake quantity, blood pressure. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the further researchs are needed which include the intensity of exercise into the quantity of the exercise. Also researchers need to extend the motion intervention time for an effective sociopsychological variable and to try the meta analysis for the effective exercise intervention for the stroke survivors.
Activities of Daily Living ; Blood Pressure ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Exercise ; Humans ; Muscle Strength ; Oxygen ; Stroke* ; Survivors* ; Walking

Background: The prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), especially the KPC-2-producing Klebisella pneumoniae, is rapidly increasing and becoming a menace to global public health. This study aims to present the molecular epidemiology of the KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae isolates emerged in a tertiary hospital in South Korea and describe its clinical significance. Methods: This study included carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates collected from a tertiary hospital from April to December in 2018. Antimicrobial susceptibility of K. pneumoniae isolates was tested using disk diffusion method. PCR and DNA sequence analyses were performed to identify the resistance genotype. In addition, the molecular epidemiology was investigated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequencing typing (MLST). Results: Total 100 KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were collected, which were mainly classified into two pulsotypes according to the XbaI restriction digestion pattern by PFGE analysis (pulsotype A, n = 31; pulsotype B, n = 63). The isolates exhibiting pulsotype A belonged to ST395 and the remaining isolates exhibiting pulsotype B were attributed to ST307 by MLST analysis. Conclusion This study investigated clinical information and molecular bacterial profiles for KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae isolates. These findings indicate that the proper infection control activities are needed to prevent the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms such as CPE, which could cause high mortality in clinical field.

Alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) is caused by chronic alcohol overconsumption and might be linked to dysregulated immune responses in the gut-liver axis. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on levels and functions of innate lymphocytes including mucosalassociated invariant T (MAIT) cells, NKT cells, and NK (NK) cells in ALC patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the levels and function of these cells, evaluate their clinical relevance, and explore their immunologic roles in the pathogenesis of ALC. Peripheral blood samples from ALC patients (n = 31) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 31) were collected. MAIT cells, NKT cells, NK cells, cytokines, CD69, PD-1, and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) levels were measured by flow cytometry. Percentages and numbers of circulating MAIT cells, NKT cells, and NK cells were significantly reduced in ALC patients than in HCs. MAIT cell exhibited increased production of IL-17 and expression levels of CD69, PD-1, and LAG-3. NKT cells displayed decreased production of IFN-γ and IL-4. NK cells showed elevated CD69 expression. Absolute MAIT cell levels were positively correlated with lymphocyte count but negatively correlated with C-reactive protein. In addition, NKT cell levels were negatively correlated with hemoglobin levels. Furthermore, log-transformed absolute MAIT cell levels were negatively correlated with the Age, Bilirubin, INR, and Creatinine score. This study demonstrates that circulating MAIT cells, NKT cells, and NK cells are numerically deficient in ALC patients, and the degree of cytokine production and activation status also changed. Besides, some of their deficiencies are related to several clinical parameters. These findings provide important information about immune responses of ALC patients.