PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to determine whether late preterm infants from normal oral GTT (glucose tolerance test) but positive GCT (glucose challenge test) mothers are associated with adverse postnatal outcome. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed from singleton infants who were born at 34(+0)-36(+6) weeks between January 2008 and December 2012 and prenatally checked at CHA Gangnam Medical Center. Infants were categorized into three groups according to the results of 50 g oral GCT and 100 g oral GTT; NG group (normal glucose tolerance group, n=603) vs. GIG group (gestational impaired glucose tolerance group; infants of normal oral GTT but positive GCT mothers, n=77) vs. GDM group (gestational diabetes group, n=52). Neonatal outcomes were compared among the three groups. RESULTS: GIG group showed significantly increased incidence of jaundice compared to NG group (9.6% vs. 19.5%, P=0.031). The number of old mothers (> or =35 years at delivery) was significantly higher in GIG group compared to NG group (27.5% vs. 33.8%, P=0.006). After stratification by maternal age, GIG group showed significantly increased respiratory diseases compared to NG group (44% vs. 65.4%, P=0.04). Hypocalcemia and feeding problem increased across the groups (NG vs. GIG vs. GDM; 13.3% vs. 26.9% vs. 32.0%, P= 0.024; 6.0% vs. 11.5% vs. 20.0%, P=0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: Late preterm infants of normal oral GTT but positive GCT mothers, especially in older mother, have increased risk of postnatal morbidities such as respiratory distress, jaundice, hypocalcemia or feeding intolerance. Thus, careful follow up may be needed in this group since antepartum period.
Diabetes, Gestational* ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glucose ; Glucose Intolerance ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Jaundice ; Mass Screening* ; Maternal Age ; Mothers* ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies

We would like to correct the author affiliations.

PURPOSE: To report a patient with asteroid hyalosis, which induced reduction of the visual acuity after cataract surgery.CASE SUMMARY: A 79-year-old female with no ophthalmic history visited our clinic with decreased vision. Her best-corrected visual acuity in both eyes was 20/100 in the right eye and 20/60 in the left eye. She had senile cataract in both eyes, and asteroid hyalosis in the left eye. After cataract surgery, her visual acuity in the left eye decreased to finger count. There were no specific findings that could have caused the visual disturbance, except dense asteroid bodies on fundus examination. After removal of the asteroid bodies by vitrectomy, the best-corrected visual acuity of the left eye recovered to 20/20.CONCLUSIONS: In patients with asteroid hyalosis, it is possible that decreased vision may be affected by changes of asteroid body properties in the vitreous gel after cataract surgery. The vision should improve after vitreous surgery.
Aged ; Cataract ; Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

A 21-year-old woman with gargoyloid face and short trunkal stature showed progressive quadriparesis. Cervical spine MRI showed circumferential compression of cervical spinal cord by thickened dura mater. Elevated urinary dermatan sulfate and decreased enzyme activity of -iduronidase revealed that she has mild form of mucopolysaccharidosis type I. Her weakness was improved with cervical laminectomy and duraplasty. In this case, progressing quadriparesis resulted from cervical spinal cord compression by thickened dura mater. Earlier surgical decompression could have been better for the patient.
Decompression, Surgical ; Dermatan Sulfate ; Dura Mater ; Female ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mucopolysaccharidoses* ; Mucopolysaccharidosis I* ; Quadriplegia ; Spinal Cord Compression* ; Spinal Cord* ; Spine ; Young Adult

Technology for the long-term preservation of gamete and embryo has improved greatly over the past 20 years and currently is used for supporting various assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Recent progress in cryobiology and its related sciences have made it possible to preserve human embryos effectively, and several cryopreservation methods also have been developed. Successful freezing of supernumerary embryos has allowed patients undergoing ART the opportunity to achieve pregnancies from more than one embryo transfer without being subjected to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and oocyte retrieval each time. It also allows a delay in embryo transfer where certain adverse conditions exist for fresh transfer, e.g. when the patient is at risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome or when there is poor endometrial development during the retrieval cycle. Cryopreservation of all available embryos from retrieval is utilized when an oocyte recipient is not properly synchronized with oocyte donor's cycle. In this paper is to review the current status and perspectives of embryo cryopreservation in ART program. Also, briefly discuss the oocyte cryopreservation for the establishment of ovum bank.
Cryopreservation* ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Freezing ; Humans* ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Oocytes ; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome ; Ovum ; Pregnancy ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted

No abstract available.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Dilatation, Pathologic* ; Marfan Syndrome*

PURPOSE: Studies on cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in immunocompetent children are lacking, and minimal information is available in the medical literature on hepatic manifestations and complications of CMV. The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and prognosis of children with CMV hepatitis, and to investigate its prevalence at a single medical center in Korea over a 10-year period. METHODS: One hundred thirty-two children diagnosed with CMV infection based on specific markers (anti-CMV IgM, CMV polymerase chain reaction in blood and urine, or CMV culture of urine) were included in the study. Clinical and biochemical characteristics, immunological markers, and outcomes of hepatic CMV infection were determined. RESULTS: The median age of patients (n=132) was 8.5 months (range, 14 days–11.3 years). Peak total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase levels in serum ranged from 0.11–21.97 mg/dL, and 5–1,517 IU/L, respectively. Alanine aminotransferase remained elevated from 2–48 weeks. Jaundice was the most common clinical feature of hepatic CMV infection during infancy. The hematologic findings revealed anemia, leukocytosis, and monocytosis in CMV-infected patients. All participants recovered without administration of ganciclovir. CONCLUSION: In children with CMV hepatitis, fever was the most common symptom at presentation, and jaundice was the most common clinical feature of hepatic CMV infection in infants younger than 3 months of age. Hepatic CMV infection in immunocompetent children is often a self-limited illness that does not require antiviral therapy, as most patients in this study had favorable outcomes.
Alanine Transaminase ; Anemia ; Bilirubin ; Child* ; Cytomegalovirus Infections* ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Epidemiology ; Fever ; Ganciclovir ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; Infant ; Jaundice ; Korea* ; Leukocytosis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Prognosis*

As the resolution and accuracy of diagnostic techniques for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) are improving, more mosaic embryos are being identified. Several studies have provided evidence that mosaic embryos have reproductive potential for implantation and healthy live birth. Notably, mosaic embryos with less than 50% aneuploidy have yielded a live birth rate similar to euploid embryos. This concept has led to a major shift in current PGT-A practice, but further evidence and theoretically relevant data are required. Proper guidelines for selecting mosaic embryos suitable for transfer will reduce the number of discarded embryos and increase the chances of successful embryo transfer. We present an updated review of clinical outcomes and practice recommendations for the transfer of mosaic embryos using PGT-A.

BACKGROUNDS: Recent experimental studies demonstrate massive leukocytes extravasation at sites of cerebral ischemia even with the first hours of disease. Leukocytes are now considered to potentiate ischemic neural damage by microvasculature obstruction and generation of neurotoxic substances. Adhesion molecules mediate adhesion between endothelial cells and leukocytes as a precondition for extravasation of leukocytes at sites of tissue injury. We conducted a prospective study to investigate the serum level of ICAM-1, P-selectin, and E-selectin in patients with acute ischemic stroke, and with atherosclerosis. METHODS: Serum was sampled from patients within 24 hrs of acute ischemic stroke(n=20), from patients with previous (> 1 month) transient or persistent ischemic neurologic deficit associated with atherosclerosis(n=22), and control patients without a history of vascular disease(n=20). Concentrations of soluble ICAM-1(sICAM-1), P-selectin(sP-selectin), and E-electin(sE-selectin) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). RESULTS: Compared with control subjects, sICAM-1 and sE-selectin were significantly elevated in patients with acute ischemic stroke and in previous symptomatic atherosclerosis(p=0.0001 and p=0.004). The serum level of sP-selectin in patients with acute ischemic stroke was higher than that in patients with previous symptomatic atherosclerosis and control subjects(p=0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a chronic elevation of ICAM-1 and E-selectin in patients with previous symptomatic atherosclerosis and also acute changes of them in patients with acute ischemic stroke. These findings indicate that acute changes of serum P-selectin occurred in response to acute ischemic stroke.
Atherosclerosis ; Brain Ischemia ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; E-Selectin ; Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Leukocytes ; Microvessels ; Neurologic Manifestations ; P-Selectin ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke*

In approximately 10% of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), angiography does not reveal an obstructive coronary stenosis. This is known as myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), which has complex and multifactorial causes. However, this term can be confusing and open to dual interpretation, because MINOCA is also used to describe patients with acute myocardial injury caused by ischemia-related myocardial necrosis. Therefore, with regards to this specific context of MINOCA, the generic term for MINOCA should be replaced with troponin-positive with non-obstructive coronary arteries (TpNOCA). The causes of TpNOCA can be subcategorized into epicardial coronary (causes of MINOCA), myocardial, and extracardiac disorders. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can confirm MI and differentiate various myocardial causes, while cardiac computed tomography is useful to diagnose the extracardiac causes.