No abstract available.
Psychotic Disorders* ; Turner Syndrome*

Holoprosencephaly is a rare complex cerebral anomaly produced by a failure of cleavage of the prosencephalon. The association of brain anomalies and facial dysmorphism is a typical finding. There are three types(alobar, semilobar, and lobar) of holoprosencephaly. Among these the alobar type has the worst prognosis. The early antenatal diagnosis of the holoprosencephaly is very important determinant for initiating the therapeutic abortion. We report 3 cases of alobar holoprosencephaly with the brief review of the literature.
Abortion, Therapeutic ; Brain ; Female ; Holoprosencephaly* ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Prognosis ; Prosencephalon

Circadian rhythm is a global phenomenon, the control mechanisms of which are manifested at every level of biological organization, from genes and intracellular mechanisms to networks of cell populations, and to all central neuronal systems at the organismic level. In pharmacotherapy, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as drug absorption and distribution, drug metabolism, and renal elimination show diurnal variations. The symptoms and signs in diseases like asthma, myocardiac infarction, angina pectoris, hypertension and stroke also show diurnal fluctuations. These observations require drug treatment considering the circadian rhythm of body function and disease. Circadian time has to be taken into account as an important variable influencing a drug's pharmacokinetics and/or its effects or side effects in clinical practice.
Absorption ; Angina Pectoris ; Asthma ; Circadian Rhythm ; Clinical Medicine* ; Drug Therapy ; Hypertension ; Infarction ; Metabolism ; Neurons ; Pharmacokinetics ; Stroke

The aim of the study was to explore the current status as well as personal views, attitudes, and beliefs regarding daily meal consumption (DM) and food supplement use (FS) in conjunction with the improvement of health condition of the women. Eight focus group interviews were performed and the interview material was condensed systematically with the aim to extract core meanings related to DM, FS, and menopause-associated health. Participants were 40 in number and showed ages ranging from 45 and 60 years with various menopausal status. Current status and beliefs about DM, resources of purchase motivation of FS, types of FS that are currently used, and perceived effects and personal beliefs about FS are discussed. Theme content analysis revealed 3 themes for beliefs about DM, 5 themes for beliefs pertaining FS, and 4 themes for the association between DM and FS. Non-dietary factors such as positive mental attitude and exercise appeared to be also important to maintain good health. The bottom line message from this study may be that proper nutrition through daily meals is essential for good health, while food supplement are used merely to supplement the diet. Findings from this study may deepen our understanding of how women who translate their lifespan through "menopause" perceive the roles and meaning of DM and FS, suggesting health professionals need to monitor and evaluate DM and implement strategies targeting the improvement of daily meal quality of middle and older aged women.
Aged ; Climacteric ; Diet ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Focus Groups ; Health Occupations ; Humans ; Meals ; Motivation ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds

PURPOSE: Asphyxia is the most common cause of neurologic sequelae in perinatal period. We hoped to help other clinicians by investigating factors affecting neurologic outcome in asphyxiated term babas. METHODS: A clinical study of factors affecting neurologic outcome was made on 120 patients, who were asphyxiated term baby. They admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Chungnam National University Hospital from January, 1995 to December, 1996. RESULTS: There was no significant correlation in neurologic outcome and gestational age, delivery type, sex, birth weight, one minute Apgar score. Five minute Apgar score had influence on neurologic outcome. Presence of acidemia had influence on neurologic outcome. Mental status and seizure influenced on neurologic outcome. Poor neurologic outcome was prone to come in the presence of prolonged duration of abnormal mental function or a repetitive seizure not controlled immediately. There was poor neurologic outcome in the patients who have abnormal findings on EEG, CT, and neurosonography. In addition, there was poor neurologic outcome in congenital heart disease patients. All of above had statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Now, we can obtain much benefit by monitoring clinical course such as five minute Apgar score, mental change, and seizure. And, we can obtain much benefit by monitoring acidemia and perform EEG, CT and neurosonography.
Apgar Score ; Asphyxia ; Birth Weight ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Electroencephalography ; Gestational Age ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hope ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Heart Defects, Congenital*

No abstract available.
Malacoplakia* ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: Doxazosin has gained wide acceptance as a pharmacotherapeutic agents for the treatment of BPH. As a selective alpha-1 blocker, it is known to reduce symptom scores and improve flow rates. However, the correlation not been fully established. in this study we investigated that improvements of clinical parameters, such as the symptom score, storage symptom score, voiding symptom score, bother score, peak flow, post-voiding residuals and prostate volume, are statistically related to the subjective satisfaction in patients receiving doxazosin pharmacotherapy for the management of BPH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty nine symptomatic BPH patients were evaluated prior to and at 3 months after the administration of recommended dose of doxazosin. The parameters evaluated were total symptom, storage symptom, voiding symptom and bother scores, peak flow rate (Qmax), post-voiding residuals (PVR) and prostate volume. The patients satisfaction to the treatment was determined by subjective responses to the questionnaires, and each response was categorized into one of the two groups; good (much improved, improved) or poor (slightly improved, no changes or getting worse). The subjective responses and the clinical parameters were compared and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The total symptom, storage symptom, voiding symptom and bother scores decreased, and the Qmax increased significantly in all patients after doxazosin therapy. There was also significant mean posttherapeutic improvement for all individual questions. However, according to the patients subjective satisfaction for the treatment, patients with good result (23 patients) score then those with poor result group (26 patients; p<0.01). The changes of storage symptom score, Qmax, PVR and prostate volume were not significantly different in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Doxazosin was effective in reducing symptoms and improving peak flow rates in the patients diagnosed clinically with BPH. Although the clinical parameters show significant improvements after doxazosin therapy, the patient satisfaction is more dependent on the severity of pre-treatment total and voiding symptom score. These findings suggest that pre-selecting patients prior to the initiation of doxazosin therapy could result in better treatment responses.
Doxazosin* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Patient Satisfaction ; Patient Selection* ; Prostate ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Child* ; Heart Arrest, Induced* ; Humans ; Oxygen*

BACKGROUND: Hemodialysis patients are increasing every year and bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients receiving hemodialysis. As the domestic studies have not explored the incidence of BSIs, the distribution and current situation of microorganism and so on this study was carried out to determine the incidence and epidemiological risk factors of the BSIs in hemodialysis patients. A distribution of pathogenic organism of the BSIs was investigated. METHODS: This study was carried out for those 275 patients with hemodialysis for 12 months the patients who underwent hemodialysis in the hemodialysis center within the university hospital. Data was collected by structural questionnaire, medical record review. The definition for BSIs was based on that of CDC. RESULTS: A total of 59 BSIs occurred during 123,502 dialysis sessions. The bloodstream infection rate per 1,000 dialysis sessions was 0.48 overall and varied markedly by the type of vascular access: 0.1 for arteriovenous fistulas, 0.54 for arteriovenous grafts. 2.57 for permanent catheters and 5.39 for temporary catheters. The most common pathogen isolated from the BSIs was MSSA and MRSA 18.0%, Streptococcus species 11.5%. In a logistic regression analysis, immunosuppressive therapy (OR=8.081, p=0.001), case of starting hemodialysis in the intensive care unit (OR=4.855, p=0.043) were associated independently with BSIs. CONCLUSION: Based on this study, continuous study and effort together with interest in BSIs, and the study on BSIs in hemodialysis patients should be further continued in the years to come. Surveillance for BSIs is recommended as a routine activity in hemodialysis center.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Bacteremia ; Catheters ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Cross Infection ; Dialysis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units ; Logistic Models ; Medical Records ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Mortality ; Renal Dialysis* ; Risk Factors ; Streptococcus ; Transplants ; Surveys and Questionnaires