Ganglia in soft tissue are common and usually occur in close relations with joints, tendon sheaths, or tendons. However, intra-osseous ganglia are very rare. We report a case of intra-osseous ganglion arising from the right sided proximal humerus in a 33 year-old woman. It was multiple cysts surrounded by thin rims of sclerotic bone in the subchondral epiphysis without other features of degenerative joint disease or destruction of adjacent soft tissue.
Female ; Humans ; Cysts

Most instances of choriocarcinoma of the ovary are gestational in origin. In contrast, nongestational choriocarcinoma of the ovary is an exceedingly rare primary germ cell neoplasm that has worse prognosis than gestational neoplasm. We report a case of pure nongestational choriocarcinoma of the ovary in view of the rarity of its kind. The patient was a 35-year-old Korean unmarried woman who had suffered from vaginal bleeding and feeling of abdominal inflation for two months. The X-ray studies and CT scanning revealed a child head sized cystic mass on the right pelvic cavity and multiple nodular densities in both lung fields and the liver. The mass in pelvic cavity was excised and histologically confirmed to be a nongestational pure choriocarcinoma, arising from the right side ovary.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Eosinophils* ; Humans ; Parotid Gland* ; Radiotherapy*

The purpose of this study was to find the distribution and measurement of compressive and tensile stress when intrusi- on arch wire is forced engage with upper canine and to analysis stress at each section through FEM. And we compare compressive and tensile ratio at each section. The results were as follows. 1. At FA point and cemento-enamel junction of upper canine, compressive and tensile force ratio is about the same. 2. At apex, compressive force is the four times as tensile force. ; In intrusion, we show root resorption at apex. 3. At Cemento-enamel junction, the compressive and tensile force show the maximun value except FA point.
Root Resorption

OBJECTIVE: Endometriosis is a disease affecting a large population of women all over the world. A local sterile inflammation occurs in the peritonel cavity of patients with endometriosis. It suggests that immunological events play a major role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. We have studied the levels of serveral T cell and monocyte derived cytokines, especially IL-6 (promoter of immune response) and IL-10 (inhibitor of immune response), in the peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis to characterize the change of immune response that occurs at the site of endometriosis. Method: This study was performed in Hallym university hospital from October, 1997 to October 1998 and enrolled 29 women with gross or microscopic findings of minimal to severe endometriosis in case group, and 28 women without visual evidence of pelvic endometriosis and with benign gynecologic disease in control group. IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the peritoneal fluid were determined using commercial ELISA and compared between endometriosis and controls and between fertile and infertile women with endometriosis and according to the revised American Fertility Society classification. RESULT: IL-6 was higher and IL-10 was lower in the peritoneal fluid of endometriosis group than of control group. Cyclic variations in the IL-6 concentrations were seen in endometriosis group : the concentrations in the secretory phase were significantly higher than those in the proliferative phase. In endometriosis group, IL-6 concentrations of infertile women were higher than fertile women. Both IL-6 and IL-10 in the peritoneal fluid of endomtriosis group did not show significant correlation according to r-AFS stages. CONCLUSION: Increased IL-6 and decreased IL-10 levels in the peritoneal fluid may be related to infertility and pathogenesis in the endometriosis, suggesting that partially contribute to the disturbed immune regulation observed in endometriosis.
Ascitic Fluid* ; Classification ; Cytokines ; Endometriosis* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Fertility ; Genital Diseases, Female ; Humans ; Infertility ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-10* ; Interleukin-6* ; Monocytes

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between self-esteem and meaning of life in higher grade elementary school students. METHODS: Four hundred eighty four elementary school students in their 4 ~ 6th-grade at S, G and C City were recruited by convenient sampling. Data were collected from August to October, 2008 using a self-reported questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program with mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's test, and Pearson's correlation. RESULTS: The average score of meaning of life was 3.07 +/- 0.38 and that of self-esteem was 3.43 +/- 0.62. There were significant differences in self-esteem according to variables region and religion, and in meaning of life scores according to variables region, grade, sex and religion. There was a significant positive correlation between self-esteem and meaning of life. CONCLUSION: Self-esteem and meaning of life should be considered as important factors for healthy development in the elementary school period. Self-esteem should be considered as a main content in developing programs for finding meaning of life for higher grade elementary school students.
Humans ; Religion and Sex ; Self Concept ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify effects of a life-esteemed education applied logotherapy on life respect, meaning of life, and depression on older elementary school students. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group and non-synchronized design was conducted with a convenience sample of 142 students. The program named 'My Precious Life'. consisted of one session per week for five weeks. Students were assigned to the experimental group (n=70) or the control group (72). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and repeated measured ANOVA with the SPSS/PC 18.0 program. RESULTS: Meaning of life and life respect increased significantly and depression decreased significantly for participants in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that life-esteemed education applied logotherapy is effective in improving meaning of life and life respect and in decreasing depression in elementary school students. It can also be used to prevent existential distress and to intervene as a motif for having hope in life.
Analysis of Variance ; Child ; Depression/*therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Program Evaluation ; *Psychotherapy ; Quality of Life ; Questionnaires ; Self Concept ; Students/*psychology

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to provide an understanding of the difficulties for facing parents of children with terminal cancer. METHOD: The design of this study was an inductive and descriptive study. Thirty-one parents of children with terminal cancer participated in-depth were interviewed s. C in depth and content analysis was used for analyzing the data. RESULTS: The main categories in the findings were 'difficulties in coping', 'physical and psychological suffering of children', 'suffering of family', 'bereavement with children', 'economic problems', 'incurable situation', 'preparation of death', 'social isolation', 'coping after a child dies', 'spiritual problems', receiving active treatment', 'informing children of their condition', 'a sense of meaninglessness', 'emotional iunstability', and 'giving up hope'. CONCLUSION: The main point identified from this result in this study was that parents who have a child with terminal cancer don't never give up the hope of recovery for their child even when the child is in by the terminal stage of their children, even though and they are unwillingly to prepare for their child's death. This is a unique characteristic in the attitude of the families' attitude in child hospice care and differs from that found in adult hospice care. This result can be used as an important guide for nurses to in assessing the parents' needs in the terminal care setting.
Adult ; Child* ; Hope ; Hospice Care ; Humans ; Parents* ; Terminal Care ; Child Health

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to assess the need for child hospice care in families of children with cancer. METHOD: The research design was a methodological study. The tool was developed in 4 stages : first, preliminary items were developed based on a questionnaire about the needs for child hospice care that was given to 20 families of children with cancer; second, a panel of specialists reduced the number of preliminary items using 3 validity tests for the content; third, final items were selected from the results of a pre-test. Finally, from February to July 2004, reliability and validity were tested with a sample of 104 families who had a child with cancer. RESULTS: The final tool on the need for child hospice care consisted of 22 items and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .93. Using factor analysis, 5 factors were extracted and these factors explained 69% of the total variance. CONCLUSION: The instrument, for assessing the need for child hospice care in families of children with cancer, developed in this study was identified as a tool with a high degree of reliability and validity. In this sense, this tool can be effectively utilized for implementing and improving hospice care for children with cancer.
Child* ; Hospice Care* ; Hospices* ; Humans ; Methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Design ; Specialization ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to set up a hypothetical model to explain causal relationships among influential variables in the mother-child relationship for Korean infants and toddlers and their mothers. The research was based on Barnard's (1978) mother-child relations model, and goodness-of-fit was examined. METHODS: The participants were 207 mothers with infants or toddlers. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS programs. RESULTS: Regarding the influence of the variables on the mother-child relationship between infants and toddlers and their mothers, social support had a 75% explanation of mother-child relationships, and attachment had a 58% explanation of social support. Attachment had both direct and indirect effects on the mother-child relationships, and social support had direct and total effects on the mother-child relationships. Among child-related variables, child temperament had a moderating effect on the mother-child relationships. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the model has utility in developing effective nursing intervention methods to boost mother-child relationships between infants and toddlers and their mothers.
Child ; Humans ; Infant* ; Mother-Child Relations* ; Mothers* ; Nursing ; Temperament