No abstract available.
Anemia* ; Child* ; Hospitalization* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic*

No abstract available.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli*

Endometriosis in the episiotomy scar following vaginal delivery is one of the very rare condition among the extrapelvic endometriosis. We have experienced two cases of endometriosis in the episiotomy scar following vaginal delivery. We report two cases with a brief review of the concerned literatures.
Cicatrix* ; Endometriosis* ; Episiotomy* ; Female

Pheochromocytomas can arise wherever chromaffin cells are found, and most of them(90%) are in one or both adrenal glands. But they may be located anywhere along the sympathetic chain and rarely in aberrant sites. One of the common extra-adrenal sites from which these tumors can arise is a collection of para-aortic and para-ganglion cells around the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery. We experienced a case of extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma located at the organ of Zukerkandl in a 21-year-old female patient with abdominal colic and paroxysmal hypertension, whose symptoms and blood pressure returned to normal after successful surgical excision of the tumor.
Adrenal Glands ; Blood Pressure ; Chromaffin Cells ; Colic* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Mesenteric Artery, Inferior ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Echocardiography*

OBJECTIVES: Alcoholism is known to be a heritable disease. It has been hypothesized that dopamineergic systems play an important heritable role in human behavor related to alcohol dependence, such as alcohol seeking. Therefore, genes involved in this pathway, including dopamine transporter(DAT1) which is responsible for taking released dopamine back up into presynaptic terminals and terminating dopaminergic activity, are potential candidate that may affect susceptibility to alcoholism. Analysis of a 40-base pair(bp)repeat(VNTR)in the 3'untranslated region of the DAT1 gene revealed variable number of the repeat ranging from 3 to 11 copies. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the association between alcoholism and VNTR polymorphism of DAT1. METHODS: Genomic DNA analysis with polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to identify the presence of a VNTR polymorphism. It was carried out within a group of 94 alcoholic patients and 113 normal controls. RESULTS: 1)There were no significant differences in allelic or genotype frequencies between the group of alcoholic patients and controls. 2)There were no significant differences in the first drinking age, onset age and latency of alcoholism according to DAT1 genotypes. 3)There was a significant difference in allelic frequencies between alcoholics with family history and those without family history. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that VNTR polymorphism of DAT1 is unlikely to be a factor in the genetic etiology of alcoholism, but might be related to familial transmission of alcoholism.
Age of Onset ; Alcoholics ; Alcoholism* ; DNA ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins* ; Dopamine* ; Drinking ; Genotype ; Humans ; Presynaptic Terminals

Congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia is the most severe form of CAH, leading to impaired production of all steroid hormones including glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoid, and sex steroids. The affected individuals are all phenotypically female with a severe salt-losing syndrome that is fatal if steroid replacement is not begun immediately after birth. The lesion of this disorder has been suggested to be in the first step of steroidogenesis of conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone by P450scc. Recently, molecular defect of this disease has been located in the transport of cholesterol into mitochondria due to defective regulatory protein called 'steroidogenic acute regulatory protein' while the enzyme P450scc itself is normal, differing from other types of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. We experienced 2 1/2 month old phenotypical girl who was admitted due to lethargic state and persistent vomiting with severe hyperkemia and hyponatremia. Blood levels of cortisol, aldosteron, and 17-OH progesteron were low and levels of ACTH, angiotensin, and plasma renin activity were high, urinary levels of 17-KS and 17-OHCH were low. The patient was found to have karyotype of 46, XY and has been being treated with predinisolone, fluorocortisol and sodium supplement in diet and doing well. The molecular study for P450scc gene and StAR gene of patient and family is in progress.
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Angiotensins ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Hyperplasia* ; Hyponatremia ; Karyotype ; Mitochondria ; Parturition ; Plasma ; Pregnenolone ; Renin ; Sodium ; Steroids ; Vomiting

The mortality and morbidity of peritrochanteric fractures in the elderly are great due to preexisting diseases, the osteoporosis, and poor general conditions. Since the complications sometimes lead to death, it is utmost important to reduce the complications and to prevent them. Authors had experienced 42 peritrochanteric fractures over 65 years old from January, 1988 to December, 1992. Age incidence was distributed from 65 to 93 years. The sites of fractures were 17 femoral neck, 24 intertrochanteric, 1 subtrochanteric. The mortality at postoperative 6 months was 10.2%. The postoperative complications were 6 cardiovascular diseases, 3 pneunonia, 3 pressure sore etc. The results according to interval between injury and operation were not significant, but reducing risk factors following check-up of general conditions was significant. It was necessary in treatment of elderly peritrochanteric fractures to check the general conditions, to reduce risk factors, to choose appropriate method of operation and anesthesia, and to operate as soon as possible by experienced surgeon. Postoperative early ambulation was also significant at good results. The percutaneous pinning under local anesthesia was an recommendable method in patients with severely poor general conditions.
Aged ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Local ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Early Ambulation ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Incidence ; Methods ; Mortality ; Osteoporosis ; Postoperative Complications ; Preexisting Condition Coverage ; Pressure Ulcer ; Risk Factors

Purpose: In acute acetaminophen poisoning, the administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can effectively treat the main complications, such as kidney injury and liver failure. In the current situation, measurements of the acetaminophen concentration are not checked in the usual medical facilities. Therefore, this study examined the factors of determining the administration of NAC in addition to the stated amount of intake. Methods: The medical records of patients who visited Ajou University Hospital emergency center with acetaminophen poisoning from January 2015 to December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. One hundred and seventy-nine patients were initially included. Among these patients, 82 patients were finally selected according to the inclusion criteria in the study. The inclusion criteria were as follows: patients who were 15 years of age or older; those whose ingested dose, ingested time, and body weight were clearly identified; and patients whose acetaminophen sampling time was within 24 hours. Patients were divided into two groups: NAC administered vs. non-NAC administered. The following variables were compared in these two groups: ingested dose, ingested dose per body weight, hospital arrival time after ingestion, suicide attempt history, psychiatric disease history, classification of toxicon-toxic groups, duration of hospitalization, and laboratory results. Results: Univariate analysis revealed the ingested dose per body weight, hospital arrival time after ingestion, suicide attempt history, and psychiatric disease history to be the determining factors in administering NAC. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that the ingested dose per body weight was the only significant factor leading to an NAC treatment decision. (Odds ratio=1.039, 95% Confidential interval=1.009-1.070, p=0.009) Conclusion The ingested dose per body weight was the only determining factor for administering NAC in patients with acute acetaminophen poisoning. On the other hand, additional criteria or indicators for the NAC administration decision will be necessary considering the inaccuracy of the ingested dose per body weight and the efficiency of NAC administration.