A clinieal Observation was done on the 110 cases (male; 52 cases, female; 58 cases) of duodenitis under the gastroduodenoscopic examination among the patients who were performed endoscopic examination because of seeking for the cause of dyspepsia period from Aug. 1981 to Sep. 1981 at Department of lnteral Medicine of BNUH. The results were summerized as follow 1) Normal finding(Grade 0) was highest as 40% in the incidence according to grade of duodenits. Next was moderate (Grade II & II) as 24. 5%, the 3rd was mild(Grade I) as 20% and lowest in severe(Grade IV) duadenitis as 15.5%, 2) Sex distribution of duodenitis showed 37 cases in male and 29 cases in female. And male was slightly higher in incidence than female. 3) Age distribution of duodenitis revealeii 3rd decade and 4th decade were highest in incidence, 30 cases and 28 cases respectively. The order of frequency was 5th decade, 6th decade, 1st decade and 7th decade. 4) Duodenitis was slightly higher in after 4th decade than before 4th decade. 5) The 56 cases of duodenitis except for 1 case were aasociated with gastroduodenal diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer or gastric carcinoma. Association of gastritis is highest as 79. 4%. 6) Acurracy of diagnosis in duodenitis on X-ray study was 3 cases in 20 cases. Generally X-ray study was little value in diagnosis of duodenitis.
Age Distribution ; Diagnosis ; Duodenitis* ; Dyspepsia ; Female ; Gastritis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Peptic Ulcer ; Sex Distribution

PURPOSE: The objective of our study was to compare preoperative "Monitor Templating" with postoperative results for total hip replacement and to investigate the accuracy of "Monitor Templating" that was carried out by monitoring with picture archiving communication system (PACS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty five patients underwent primary cementless total hip replacements. For setting parameters, we located the 10cm rod placed in the medial thigh on anteroposterior view of both hips and in the anterior thigh on Lowenstein lateral view. We measured implant sizes and the predictive value of corrective change in leg length and horizontal offset, by using radiographs magnified 120% of the anteroposterior views of both hips and Lowenstein lateral view of PACS on 27 inch monitor. We examined the correlation between preoperative monitor templating and the actual implant size, postoperative leg length and horizontal offset difference. RESULTS: The preoperative monitor templating showed a high rate of coincidence with the actual implant size, the postoperative leg length, and the horizontal offset difference. The averages in accurate prediction were 98% in the acetabular cup, 98% in the femoral stem, 97% in the postoperative actual difference of leg length, and 97% in the horizontal offset. With regard to leg length discrepancy, the sick limb was on average 4.7 mm shorter and 0.5 mm longer postoperatively than the contralateral limb. The average ratio of horizontal offset of the sick limb to the contralateral limb was 94.6% preoperatively and increased to 97.8% postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Preoperative "Monitor Templating" using PACS images on 26 inch monitor is an easy and effective method for predicting implant size, correcting leg length discrepancy and restoring horizontal offset.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Extremities ; Hip ; Humans ; Leg ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Thigh

BACKGROUND: The cause of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), including Graves disease and Hashimotos thyroiditis, is largely unknown. To identify the genes responsible, most attention has been focussed on the HLA regions in the early studies. However, these studies have repeatedly shown a weak association between AITD and the HLA-DR3 in Caucasians. To understand and find out the mechanisms underlying the development of AITD, a search for non-HLA linked susceptibility genes is important. A recent study from American population have indicated an association between a polymorphism of CILA-4 gene and Graves disease. To clarify the relationship of the CTLA-4 polymorphism and AITD, the allele frequency of CTLA-4 gene from the patients with Graves disease and with Hashimotos thyroiditis in Korean papulation were analysed. METHODS: The CTLA-4 exon 1 polymorphism (49, A/G) was analysed by PCR-based, RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) from 92 women and 37 men with Graves disease and 50 women and 9 men with Hashimotos thyroiditis diagnosed. Also, 287 healthy controls including 155 women and 132 men with no clinical evidence or family history of thyroid disease were enrolled. RESULTS: 1) In the group of Graves disease, there was significantly more patients with alanine homozygote (GG) than in control group (P<0.0005, RR=1.40). However, there was not significant with threonine homozygote (AA) between two groups (P=0.052). In the group of Hashimotos thyroiditis, no significant differences were found between all homozygotes and heterozygote. 2) In the group of Graves disease, there were significantly more patients with alanine homozygote (GG) (P<0.0001, RR=1.85) and significantly fewer patients with threonine homozygote (AA) than in the group of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (P<0.005, RR 0.25). CONCLUSION: Regardless of sex difference, alanine homozygote (GG) at exon 1 (codon 17) of CTLA-4 is associated with Graves disease in Korean population, which suggests genetic susceptibility is some role in the pathogenesis of Graves disease.
Alanine ; Exons ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Graves Disease ; Heterozygote ; HLA-DR3 Antigen ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Lymphocytes* ; Male ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Sex Characteristics ; Threonine ; Thyroid Diseases* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroiditis

OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors for infection after spinal surgery.SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Infection after spinal surgery is relatively uncommon. However, such infections cause serious consequences and increased costs and sequelae. Risk factors for infection after spinal surgery include a posterior approach, instrumentation, the use of an allogenic bone graft, transfusion, and a long operating time. Patient-related factors include diabetes and obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2009 to December 2013, 350 patients who underwent surgery at our hospital due to spinal disease, including 10 patients with a postoperative spinal infection, were evaluated. We investigated patients' age, gender, morbidity due to diabetes mellitus, body mass index, level of surgery, approach, location, instrumentation, and operation type. RESULTS: Ten of the 350 patients developed a spinal infection after surgery. The proportion of diabetic patients among the infected patients was higher than among the non-infected patients, although the difference was not statistically significant. Additionally, the proportion of diabetic patients with hemoglobin A1c levels greater than 7.0% was higher among the infected patients. Operating time, the surgical approach, drain tube insertion, transfusion, and the use of an allogenic bone graft were not significantly different between the infected and non-infected patient groups. CONCLUSIONS Uncontrolled diabetes is the most important risk factor for the development of spinal infection after surgery. Therefore, in order to prevent infection after surgery, blood glucose should be controlled before surgery.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors for infection after spinal surgery. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Infection after spinal surgery is relatively uncommon. However, such infections cause serious consequences and increased costs and sequelae. Risk factors for infection after spinal surgery include a posterior approach, instrumentation, the use of an allogenic bone graft, transfusion, and a long operating time. Patient-related factors include diabetes and obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2009 to December 2013, 350 patients who underwent surgery at our hospital due to spinal disease, including 10 patients with a postoperative spinal infection, were evaluated. We investigated patients' age, gender, morbidity due to diabetes mellitus, body mass index, level of surgery, approach, location, instrumentation, and operation type. RESULTS: Ten of the 350 patients developed a spinal infection after surgery. The proportion of diabetic patients among the infected patients was higher than among the non-infected patients, although the difference was not statistically significant. Additionally, the proportion of diabetic patients with hemoglobin A1c levels greater than 7.0% was higher among the infected patients. Operating time, the surgical approach, drain tube insertion, transfusion, and the use of an allogenic bone graft were not significantly different between the infected and non-infected patient groups. CONCLUSIONS: Uncontrolled diabetes is the most important risk factor for the development of spinal infection after surgery. Therefore, in order to prevent infection after surgery, blood glucose should be controlled before surgery.
Blood Glucose ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Obesity ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Spinal Diseases ; Transplants ; Wound Infection ; Wounds and Injuries

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution that is caused by spirochetes known as Leptospira; more than 20 serogroups and more than 200 serovars are known. The disease has seasonal incidence occurring in the late summer or early fall. The typical severe case of leptospirosis is known as Weil's disease; it is characterized by hepatic and renal involvement and is common in Korea. Elevated amylase can be seen when ARF is associated but true acute pancreatitis is an uncomon complication of leptospirosis and only seven cases of well documented pancreatitis have been described abroad, with there was no case report in Korea yet. We experienced a 55-year old male patient who had Weil's disease associated with acute pancreatitis which was confirmed by elevated amylase and lipase with pancreatic swelling and peripancreatic fat infiltration on abdomen CT.
Abdomen ; Amylases ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Leptospira ; Leptospirosis ; Lipase ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatitis* ; Seasons ; Spirochaetales ; Weil Disease* ; Zoonoses

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution that is caused by spirochetes known as Leptospira; more than 20 serogroups and more than 200 serovars are known. The disease has seasonal incidence occurring in the late summer or early fall. The typical severe case of leptospirosis is known as Weil's disease; it is characterized by hepatic and renal involvement and is common in Korea. Elevated amylase can be seen when ARF is associated but true acute pancreatitis is an uncomon complication of leptospirosis and only seven cases of well documented pancreatitis have been described abroad, with there was no case report in Korea yet. We experienced a 55-year old male patient who had Weil's disease associated with acute pancreatitis which was confirmed by elevated amylase and lipase with pancreatic swelling and peripancreatic fat infiltration on abdomen CT.
Abdomen ; Amylases ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Leptospira ; Leptospirosis ; Lipase ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatitis* ; Seasons ; Spirochaetales ; Weil Disease* ; Zoonoses