BACKGROUND: Almost all STD(sexually tranamitted diseases) have been increasing worldwide since the 1960s. In Korea, the occurrence of STD from recent trends of sexual openness and development in the pleasure-seeking industry is becoming a social issue. However, epidemiological studies and reports concerning the incidence of STD are lacking in Korea, especially in the sexually aetive young age group. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the incidence of YTD and sexual behavior of recruits in a Korean arrny training center to contribute to the management of STD in Korea. METHODS: We studied 1304 recruits in a Korean army training center by questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory data. The subjects were divided into 3 groups: group 1(1072 persons), those who visited the hospital for evaluation of STD; group 2(641 persons), a control group for coitus rate; and group 3(1304 persons; group 1 plus 232 persons out of group 2), those who had coital experiences. RESULTS: 1. The incidence of STD in group 1 was 65.7%(704/1072) and that of the total number of recruits was 0.43%(704/164,134). 2. Among the 704 cases of STD, the most frequently observed STD was non-gonococcal urethritis, 292 cases(41.5%) and the second was gonorrhea, 236 cases(33.5%). The others were, 68 cases(9.7%) of pediculosis pubis, 41 cases(5.8%) of condyloma acuminatum, 29 cases(4.1%) of syphilis, 20 cases(2.8%) of combined STD, 14 cases(2%) of herpes progenitalis, 2 cases(0.28%) of molluscum cohtagiosum and 2 cases(0.28%) of chancroid. 3. The coitus rate in group 2 was 36.2%(232/641). 4. The incidence of previous STD in group 3 was 20.9%(273/1304). 5. The mn;t common form of STD which the patients experienced previously was urethritis(82.8%) and the others were pediculosis pubis(7.3%), syphilis(3.3%), condylcena acuminahun and herpes progenitalis. 6. The group with more sexual partners tended to have a lower educational level. 7. The experience rate of drug abuse was higher in the group with more sexual partners. 8. The experience rate of oral and anal sex was higher in the group with experiences of clrug abuse than in the ather one. CONCLUSION: In this study, urethritis was the most common form of STD(75% of all STD) and non-gonococcal urethritis showed a greater incidence than gonorrhea. The incidence of STD is thought to be closely related to the factors associated with social or behavioral science, such as the number of sexual partners, grade of education, drug abuse, experience of oral and anal sex. To accomplish more effective management of STD, therefore, the improvement of current social problems involving sexual openness, the pleasure-seeking industry and drug abuse should be achieved.
Behavioral Sciences ; Chancroid ; Coitus ; Education ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Gonorrhea ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lice Infestations ; Physical Examination ; Sexual Behavior* ; Sexual Partners ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases* ; Social Problems ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Syphilis ; Urethritis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Glycogen Storage Disease Type I*

Nodular fat necrosis is a rare and often overlooked sign of pancreatic disease. It is manifested as painful subcutaneous erythematous nodules, often found on the legs. We report a case of nodular fat necrosis associated with pancreatitis. The patient was a 14-year-old girl who presented with erythema nodosum-like tender subcutaneous nodules on both her lower extremities. The serum amylase and lipase levels were markedly elevated. The change of serum calcium and eosinophils were not so remarkable. Histopathological findings showed diffuse subcutaneous fat necrosis and ghost-like cells with thick shadowy walls and no nuclei. The lesions involuted gradually without any specific treatment and the underlying pancreatitis was followed up in the department of medicine.
Adolescent ; Amylases ; Calcium ; Eosinophils ; Erythema ; Fat Necrosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Lipase ; Lower Extremity ; Necrosis ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Pancreatitis* ; Subcutaneous Fat

Acquired tufted angioma is a benign, slowly progressive angioma with a typical histological pattern that was first described by Wilson-Jones in 1976. We report a case of acquired tufted angioma in a 19 year old female who had erythematous papules and plaques on the right thigh. Histopathological findings showed multiple capillary lobules in a cannonball arrangement scattered throughout dermis, which was diagnostic of acquired tufted angioma.
Capillaries ; Dermis ; Female ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Thigh ; Young Adult

The goal of fracture treatment is to restore the patient to pre-injury function level. But the outcome assessment after orthopedic interventions has usually focused on physician-defined parameters of technical success, such as fracture union, alignment and range of motion rather than patient function and quality of life. However, the correlation among improvements in these parameters and functional status, psychosocial well being is inconsistent and weak in the elderly. Therefore authors assessed the functional status after surgical intervention of hip fractures in the elderly with functional recovery score(FRS). Independence in basic activities of daily living, in instrumental activities of daily living, in mobility, freedom from pain and intact memory were assessed in 133 hip fractures in the elderly. The hip fractures in the elderly resulted in 24.8% loss of function after the first year. The older the age, the more the loss of function after surgery of hip fractures. The more functional loss was observed in female patients and in patients with poor postoperative radiological results, but statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The more functional loss was observed in patients with underlying medical disease preoperatively and it was statistically significant (P<0.05). We recommend the evaluation of functional status in the elderly after hip fractures.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged* ; Female ; Freedom ; Hip Fractures* ; Hip* ; Humans ; Memory ; Orthopedics ; Quality of Life ; Range of Motion, Articular

No abstract available.
Animals ; Fibronectins* ; Macrophages* ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder*

Apoptosis after global or focal cerebral ischemia plays a crucial role in mediating cell death. In this study, we observed the time point expression of physiologic events involving apoptosis regulatory proteins after photochemically-induced focal cerebral ischemia in Sprague-Dawley rats. Protein expression was evaluated at days 1, 3, and 7 by Western blot. Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) activity markedly increased in the ischemic hemisphere in a time-dependent manner, not affected. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 was dramatically changed around day 3, whereas changes in pAkt expression occurred at day 1. Differential elevation of these apoptosis regulatory proteins at various time points indicates that different modes of cell death occur in photochemically-induced focal cerebral ischemia in a rat brain.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; Blotting, Western ; Brain ; Brain Ischemia ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Death ; Negotiating ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rose Bengal

PURPOSE: Angiofibroma usually affects the nasopharynx, but primarily developed angiofibroma in the orbit has not yet been reported in Korea. Thereby we report a case of angiofibroma in the orbit. METHODS: A-5-year-old girl, who had been followed up for intraorbital mass which was incidentally detected, was operated with superior orbitotomy approach due to progressive proptosis and dislocated eyeball. RESULTS: The patient was diagnosed angiofibroma in the orbit with light microscopy and immunochemistry. The symptom was improved and she wore the artificial eye due to corneal opacity 6 months after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: We diagnosed and managed the primary angiofibroma in the orbit of a young girl. In diagnosing the orbital tumor, the possibility of angiofibroma should be considered.
Angiofibroma* ; Corneal Opacity ; Exophthalmos ; Eye, Artificial ; Female ; Humans ; Immunochemistry ; Korea ; Microscopy ; Nasopharynx ; Orbit*

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rewetting effect of water-based primer on the air-dried dentin. In this in vitro study, freshly extracted non-caries human molars and three-step adhesive system(SBMP) were used. Freshly extracted non-caries human molars and three-step adhesive system(SBMP) were used. Flat occlusal dentin surface were prepared using low-speed diamond saw. Prepared teeth were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1.(W); etched(35% phosphoric acid for 15s) and blot-dried, Group 2.(5D); 5s air-dried, Group 3.(30D); 30s air-dried. To obtain color contrast in CLSM observation, primer was mixed with rhodamine B and bonding resin was mixed with fluorescein. Microscopic sample of each group were obtained after longitudinal section. Morphological investigation of resin-dentin interface and thickness of hybrid layer measurement using CLSM were done. Microtensile bond strength for each specimen was measured. Specimen were observed under microscope to examine the failure patterns of interface between resin and dentin. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The results(mean) of Thickness of hybrid layer were W;19.67, 5D;20.9, 30D;10microm. Only 30D had statistically significant differences to W and 5D(P<0.05). 2. The results(mean) of Microtensile bond strength were W;16.02, 5D;14.69, 30D;11.14MPa. Only 30D had statistically significant differences to W and 5D(P<0.05). 3. There were positive correlation between Thickness of hybrid layer and microtensile bond strength(P<0.05).
Adhesives ; Dentin* ; Diamond ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Molar ; Rhodamines ; Tooth

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between hybrid layer thickness and bond strength using confocal laser scanning microscope and microtensile bond strength test of two adhesive systems. The dentin surface of human molars, sectioned to remove the enamel from the occlusal surface. Either Scotchbond Multi-Purpose(3M Dental Product, St. Paul, MN, U.S.A) or Clearfil SE Bond(Kuraray, Osaka, Japan) was bonded to the surface, and covered with resin-composite. The resin-bonded teeth were serially sliced perpendicular to the adhesive interface to measure the hybrid layer thickness by confocal laser scanning microscope. The specimen were trimmed to give a bonded cross-sectional surface area of 1mm2, then the micro-tensile bone test was performed at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. All fractured surfaces were also observed by stereomicroscope. There was no significant differences in bond strengths the materials(p>0.05). However, the hybrid layers of three-step dentin adhesive system, SM, had significantly thicker than self-etching adhesive system, CS(p<0.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient showed no correlation between hybrid layer thickness and bond strengths(p>0.05). Bond strengths of dentin adhesive systems were not dependent on the thickness of hybrid layer.
Adhesives* ; Dental Enamel ; Dentin* ; Humans ; Molar ; Tooth