The purpose of this study is to analyze occupational history of coal miners with pnemoconiosis. In this study, occupational chracteristics of 49 coal miners with pneumoconiosis were compared with those of 45 coal miners without pneumoconiosis but in similar age category (43-52 years of age) based on interview survey. Various indices on occupational characteristics were developed for the following areas: duration of employment, perception of working condition, working density, dust concentration, temperature, humidity, and experience of respirator wearings. Perception of working condition were measured in 5 points scales but experiences of respirator wearing was measured in 3 points scale. Each index was multiplied by duration of employment. From the analysis, only the experience of respirator wearing showed statistically significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, respirator wearing seemed to be effective in reducing occurrence of pneumoconiosis.
Coal* ; Dust ; Employment ; Humidity ; Pneumoconiosis* ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis has commonly been associated with various hematologic changes. A difference between the changes found in pulmonary tuberculosis and those found in miliary tuberculosis has been discussed. Up to now some worker were investigated hematological changes associated with pulmonary tuberculosis but was not investigated those associated with miliary tuberculosis in korea. Therefore we examimed the peripheral blood and bone marrow findings in miliary tuberculosis patients to determine hematologic changes. METHODS: We performed blood sample at admission and bone marrow biopsy within 7days after admission. For evaluation of the hematologic findings, full blood counts and marrow differential counts were defined by the criteria outlined by Dacie and Lewis2). RESULTS: 1) Peripheral blood findings: Pancytopenia in 10% of patients, anemia in all patients, leukocytosis in 10% of patients, leukopenia in 20% of patients, thrombocytopenia in 30% of patients, lymphocytopenia in 90% of patients, monocytosis in 40% of patients and neutrophilia in 10% of patients were found at peripheral blood. 2) Bone marrow findings: Lymphocytopenia in 30% of patients, lymphocytosis in 20% of patients, plasmacytosis in 40% of patients, monocytosis in 100% of patients, and hypocellularity in 30% of patients were found at bone marrow. Erythropoiesis was decreased in 30% of patients. Granulopoiesis was decreased in 20% of patients and increased in 20% of patients. Bone morrow granuloma occured in 25% of patients. CONCLUSION: Hematologic changes of miliary tuberculosis were seen tendency of cytopenic pattern but monocyte was increased at peripheral blood and bone morrow. This findings would provide additional information for the differential diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis.
Anemia ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Erythropoiesis ; Granuloma ; Hematology ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukocytosis ; Leukopenia ; Lymphocytosis ; Lymphopenia ; Monocytes ; Pancytopenia ; Thrombocytopenia ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Miliary* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

This study was designed to determine the location of the mandibular canal on lower molar areas. Thirty-three patients were examined with multi-planar reformatted CT scan(Dentascan). Three kinds of measurements were performed. The first was the distances between the upper border of the mandibular canal and the root apices of the first and second molars, the second was the distance between the cortical plate of the mandible and mandibular canal, and the last was the location of the mandibular canal in the buccolingual plane. The obtained results are as follows. 1. The distance between the root apices of lower molars and the superior border of mandibular canal was largest at the mesial root of the first molar, and shortest at the distal root of the second molar(p<0.05). 2. The longest distance between the outer surface of the buccal cortical plate of the mandible and mandibular canal was measured from the distal root of the second molar, and this distance decrease gradually mesially(p<0.05). 3. The distance between the mandibular base and inferior border of mandibular canal was longest at the distal root of the second molar, and shortest at the mesial root of the first molar(p<0.05). 4. The location of mandibular canal was lingually positioned in relation to the axis of teeth and alveolar ridge in molar areas.
Alveolar Process ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Humans ; Mandible ; Molar* ; Tooth

Eyes as an exposed organ of human body are easily contaminated from environment including air and water and by bacteria on skin of hands and eyelids. Recently the contamination of environment is increasing and new generations of antibiotics are introduced and moreover their abuse is also serious, especially in Korea. All those factors seem to make the normal flora of conjunctiva change. It is true that psychosocial activity and environment change according to age. Therefore the authors investigated bacterial flora of the eye on 408 eyes of 408 Koreans without any inflammations. They were subdivided into eight groups by difference of psychosocial behaviour. In this study overall positive culture rate was 37.5% and total 168 isolates and 19 species were cultured. Major organisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis(42.8%), Staphylococcus aureus(19.0%) and Diphtheroid(14.8%). The rate of positive culture was 26.5% in the neonatal period, 53.3% in the infany, 42.7% in the preschool period, 48.5% in the late childhood, 32.7% in the adolescence, 27.1% in the adulthood, 43.6% in the middle age, and 41.9% in the old age. The highest rate of positive culture was 53.3% of the infancy and the lowest rate 26.5% of the neonatal period. It is interest that this study revealed the difference between male and female. The mean of positive culture rate was similar: 35.5% in male and 39.5% in fernale. The positive culture rate in female was much higher in the preschool period, the late childhood and the old age than in other periods; much lower in the adolescence and the adulthood. There was no significant difference in positive culture rate of each period in male, except the lowest rate in neonatal period and the highest rate in the infancy. The big difference of positive culture between male and female was shown in the late childhood and the adulthood. In the late childhood, female has much higher rate than male and much lower rate in the adulthood. As the result of this study, the authors concluded that normal flora of bacteria in conjunctiva was affected by psychosocial activity and environment according to age.
Adolescent ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Conjunctiva* ; Eyelids ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Hand ; Human Body ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; Staphylococcus

Clinical Protocols ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genioplasty ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Osteotomy

Cervix Uteri ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Lip ; Malocclusion

PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic accuracy between fine needle and large cutting needle biopies. METHODS & MATERIALS: Chest lesion was biopsied consecutively by 19 G or 22 G fine needle and 14 G large cutting needle with interval of 10-20 min. 119 patients confirmed by operation or clinical follow-up were evaluated. RESULTS: There were 65 patient confirmed as malignant lesion and 54 confirmed as benign lesions. Diagnostic accuracy was 87.7%(57/65) for malignancy and 85.2%(46/54) for benign lesion with fine needle. With large cutting needle, it was 90.8%(59/65) for malignancy and 88.9%(48/54) for benign lesion. In the benign lesion, specific diagnostic accuray was 48.1%(26/54) with fine needle, and 64.8%(35/54) with large cutting needle biopsy, respectively. Complications were hemoptysis(n=13, 10.9%), pneumothorax(n=7, 5.9%) and mild to moderate chest pain. Although, it is impossible to compare the complications by the two types of biopsy on same lesion, 10 cases of immediate hemopytsis and more severe chest pain occurred when large cutting needle biopsy was done. CONCLUSION: No significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between fine needle and large cutting needle biopsies was observed in malignant lesion. In benign lesions, larger sample volume may increase the chance of obtaining a specific diagnosis but has no influence on overall diagnostic accuracy of benignity. Thus, we believe that fine needle aspiration biopsy is an accurate, safe, and more tolerable means to be performed as first step for diagnosis of chest lesions.
Biopsy* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Biopsy, Needle ; Chest Pain ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Needles* ; Thorax

A microscopic examination of 1,000 cases of gastroscopic biopsy specimens revealed that the prevalence and severity of chronic gastritis, neutrophilic infiltration, and Helicobacter pylori infection increased with advancing age until the age reached about 40, but they decreased thereafter in accordance with the increasing prevalence of intestinal metaplasia. The prevalence and severity of Helicobacter pylori infection, chronic gastritis, and neutrophilic infiltration were proportionately related to each other and to gastric peptic ulcer, but inversely related with intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma. The results suggested that chronic gastritis and gastric peptic ulcer may be associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and that if these lesions persist, intestinal metaplasia may develop with decreased severity of chronic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection but, instead, increase of the risk of gastric carcinoma. And it is thought that the cause of the high incidence of gastric carcinoma in Korea may be related to the fact that chronic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection develop earlier in life and therefore the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia is higher in Korea than in other countries.
Incidence ; Biopsy

Clinical and pathological manifestation of leukemic involvement of the central nervous system have been known from any years. Infiltration and enlargement of organ is quite common in acute leukemia ; however, the formation of solid tumor masses is very rare. Most of the described tumor occur predominantly around the orbits or arise from bones, with only a few cases of soft tissue tumors reported. A case of chloroma is reported, in which a large solid tumor of immature granulocytic cells was over the cerebral convexity compressing the brain diffusely on the right and not preceded by myelogenic leukemia.
Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Leukemia ; Orbit ; Sarcoma, Myeloid*

Clinical and pathological manifestation of leukemic involvement of the central nervous system have been known from any years. Infiltration and enlargement of organ is quite common in acute leukemia ; however, the formation of solid tumor masses is very rare. Most of the described tumor occur predominantly around the orbits or arise from bones, with only a few cases of soft tissue tumors reported. A case of chloroma is reported, in which a large solid tumor of immature granulocytic cells was over the cerebral convexity compressing the brain diffusely on the right and not preceded by myelogenic leukemia.
Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Leukemia ; Orbit ; Sarcoma, Myeloid*