PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate gender differences in the association between depressive symptoms and weight, weight perception, and body satisfaction among Korean adolescents. METHODS: A secondary data analysis was performed on data from 33,374 adolescents who participated in the 2015 Adolescent Health Behavior Online Survey. They were classified as underweight, normal weight, or overweight/obese; weight perception was classified into perception of being underweight, normal weight, or overweight/obese; and weight satisfaction into desire to gain weight, satisfied, and desire to lose weight. RESULTS: Among boys, perception of being underweight (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07~1.35) and desire to gain weight (AOR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.30~1.62) were associated with depression. Among girls, perception of being overweight or obese (AOR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07~1.29) and a desire to lose weight (AOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.18~1.42) were associated with depression. CONCLUSION: Gender differences were observed in the association between weight perception and depression in adolescents. The perception of being underweight among boys and the perception of being overweight/overweight among girls were associated with depression. Thus, gender-specific intervention programs to correct weight perception and weight satisfaction are needed in order to relieve depressive symptoms in adolescents.
Adolescent Health ; Adolescent* ; Body Weight ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Ideal Body Weight ; Odds Ratio ; Overweight ; Statistics as Topic ; Thinness ; Weight Perception*

Purpose: This study aimed to identify psychosocial factors associated with smoking cessation attempts among Korean high school students who engage in intermittent and light smoking. Methods: Cross-sectional secondary data derived from the 2018 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey were analyzed within the framework of the biopsychosocial model. The sample comprised 829 high school students who reported current intermittent and light smoking, which was defined as cigarette smoking on 1~29 days in a 30-day period and no more than 10 cigarettes per day. Purposeful selection logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: In total, 71.7% (n=586) of the respondents had tried to stop smoking during the past 12 months. The main result was that respondents who had viewed an anti-smoking advertisement in the past year significantly more smoking cessation attempts than those who had not (adjusted odds ratio=2.59; 95% confidence interval=1.45~4.62, p=.001). Conclusion To encourage smoking cessation attempts among high school students who engage in intermittent and light smoking, healthcare providers, including school and community nurses, should develop effective interventions using anti-smoking advertisements tailored to adolescents’ interests and developmental stage.

Esmolol is rapid ultrashort-acting, cardioselective beta1-adrenergic blocker and that is used for attenuation of acute hypertension associated with rapid sequence induction of general anesthesia. A 35-year-old severe preeclamptic patient was scheduled for elective cesarean section. After preoxygenation, anesthesia induced with using penthotal sodium 250 mg, esmolol 25 mg, and succinylcholine 62.5 mg for endotrachial intubation. We detected to increase airway resistance during manual ventilation. Breathing sound was auscultated wheezing and ronchi. And then cyanosis was developed and oxygen saturation was decreased to below 75%. After 20 min, patient's color was returned to pink and patient's self-respiratory function was good. Bronchospasm occured because that beta-adrencergic blockade with esmolol, by leaving the parasympathetic and alpha-adrencrgic influence relatively unopposed. We report bronchospasm after esmolol 25 mg was injeected for attenuation of acute hypertensive response for cesarean section of preeclamptic patient with rapid sequence induction of general anesthesia.
Adult ; Airway Resistance ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Bronchial Spasm* ; Cesarean Section ; Cyanosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intubation ; Oxygen ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Sounds ; Sodium ; Succinylcholine ; Ventilation

Esmolol is rapid ultrashort-acting, cardioselective beta1-adrenergic blocker and that is used for attenuation of acute hypertension associated with rapid sequence induction of general anesthesia. A 35-year-old severe preeclamptic patient was scheduled for elective cesarean section. After preoxygenation, anesthesia induced with using penthotal sodium 250 mg, esmolol 25 mg, and succinylcholine 62.5 mg for endotrachial intubation. We detected to increase airway resistance during manual ventilation. Breathing sound was auscultated wheezing and ronchi. And then cyanosis was developed and oxygen saturation was decreased to below 75%. After 20 min, patient's color was returned to pink and patient's self-respiratory function was good. Bronchospasm occured because that beta-adrencergic blockade with esmolol, by leaving the parasympathetic and alpha-adrencrgic influence relatively unopposed. We report bronchospasm after esmolol 25 mg was injeected for attenuation of acute hypertensive response for cesarean section of preeclamptic patient with rapid sequence induction of general anesthesia.
Adult ; Airway Resistance ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Bronchial Spasm* ; Cesarean Section ; Cyanosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intubation ; Oxygen ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Sounds ; Sodium ; Succinylcholine ; Ventilation

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of epidural anesthesia with coagulation status and surgery outcome following lower extremity revascularization. METHODS: Twenty patients with arteriosclerosis obliterance (ASO) scheduled for lower extremity vascular reconstruction were randomized to receive either general anesthesia or combined general-epidural anesthesia. An additional 20 randomly selected patients without atherosclerotic vascular disease undergoing lower abdominal or lower extremity surgery served as controls for coagulation status. In the group with general anesthesia, anesthesia was induced by administration of pentothal sodium and succinylcholine and maintained with N2O-O2, isoflurane and vecuronium. In the group with combined anesthesia, epidural anesthesia was performed at the level of L2-3 or L3-4 epidural space using 2% lidocaine, followed by general anesthesia same as general group. Postoperative pain control was followed by on-demand oral or intravenous narcotics in the general group and followed by epidural 0.125% bupivacaine and morphine in the combined group. The coagulation status was monitored using thrombelastography (TEG) and standard coagulation tests. RESULTS: The ASO patients were hypercoagulable compared to the control patients before operation and on the first postoperative day. The hypercoagulability was attenuated postoperatively in the combined group. In the ASO-general group, postoperative MA, alpha and TEG index were 69.5 +/- 6.1 mm, 53.3 +/- 7.5 degree and 1.18 1.29 respectively, but in the ASO-combined anesthesia group, they were 58.0 +/- 6.2 mm, 38.0 +/- 4.0 degree and - 0.38 +/- 1.20 respectively (P < 0.05). The rates of postoperative complications did not significantly differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with arteriosclerosis obliterance undergoing arterial reconstructive surgery, thrombelastographic evidence of increased platelet-fibrinogen interaction is associated with early postoperative thrombotic events, and epidural anesthesia is associated with beneficial effects on coagulation status.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Anesthesia, General ; Arteriosclerosis* ; Bupivacaine ; Epidural Space ; Humans ; Isoflurane ; Lidocaine ; Lower Extremity ; Morphine ; Narcotics ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postoperative Complications ; Sodium ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental ; Thrombelastography ; Thrombophilia ; Vascular Diseases ; Vecuronium Bromide

OBJECTIVES: This study identifies associated factors of ischemic heart disease (IHD) among post-menopausal Korean women at the biomedical (age, family history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or cerebro-cardiovascular disease, body mass index, and metabolic syndrome), biosocial (socioeconomic status and educational level), and psychosocial levels (stress, depression, smoking, binge alcohol consumption, and physical activity). METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional design with secondary data analysis of the 2013–2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data from 3,636 women were analyzed by logistic regression analysis using a complex sample procedure. RESULTS: Of the biomedical factors, older age [odds ratio (OR): 2.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.87–4.80, p < 0.001], family history (OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.44–3.65, p = 0.001), and metabolic syndrome (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.27–2.95, p = 0.002) were associated with IHD in post-menopausal women. Of the psychosocial factors, depression (OR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.66–3.96, p < 0.001) and smoking (OR: 1.92, CI: 1.04–3.55, p = 0.038) were associated with IHD in post-menopausal women. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that healthcare providers need to consider the contributing adverse effects of older age, family history, metabolic syndrome, depression and smoking when evaluating risk factors for IHD in post-menopausal women.
Alcohol Drinking ; Body Mass Index ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Depression ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Dyslipidemias ; Female ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Logistic Models ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Nutrition Surveys ; Postmenopause ; Psychology ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Statistics as Topic

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors-both infant-related and maternal-associated with pressure to eat as a feeding practice among mothers with infants. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and included 163 mothers of infants aged 2~12 months. Of the 180 self-reported questionnaires that were distributed, 163 (91%) were included in the data analysis. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with pressure to eat as a feeding practice among the mothers. Results: Infant’s temperament (β=-.17, p=.035), mother’s body mass index (β=-.16, p=.048), and concern about the infant being underweight (β=.30, p=.001) were associated with pressure to eat as a feeding practice among mothers. The explanatory power of these variables in the predictive model was 19.2%. Conclusion Educational programs should be developed for improving mother’s awareness of cues from infants with difficult temperament. In addition, educational interventions regarding the correct evaluation of infant’s weight are needed to relieve mother’s concern about their infant’s being underweight. These interventions might be helpful to reduce the prevalence of pressure to eat as a feeding practice among mothers with infants.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify patterns of brain activation elicited by erotic visual stimuli in patients treated with either Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) or mirtazipine. METHODS: Nine middle-aged men with major depressive disorder treated with an SSRI and ten middle-aged men with major depressive disorder treated with mirtazapine completed the trial. Ten subjects with no psychiatric illness were included as a control group. We conducted functional brain magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while a film alternatively played erotic and non-erotic contents for 14 minutes and 9 seconds. RESULTS: The control group showed activation in the occipitotemporal area, anterior cingulate gyrus, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, and caudate nucleus. For subjects treated with SSRIs, the intensity of activity in these regions was much lower compared to the control group. Intensity of activation in the group treated with mirtazapine was less than the control group but grea-ter than those treated with SSRIs. Using subtraction analysis, the SSRI group showed significantly lower activation than the mirtazapine group in the anterior cingulate gyrus and the caudate nucleus. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the different rates of sexual side effects between the patients in the SSRI-treated group and the mirtazapine-treated group may be due to different effects on brain activation.
Brain ; Caudate Nucleus ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mianserin ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors

BACKGROUND: The maintenance of low central venous pressure (LCVP) induced by fluid restriction and nitroglycerin administration reduces the overall blood loss during major hepatic resections. We studied the postoperative renal function in hepatectomized patients under LCVP maintenance with nitroglycerin. In addition, the renal effect of low dose dopamine combined with nitroglycerin was evaluated. Methods: A total of 60 patients were randomly divided into two groups: a nitroglycerin group (n = 30), and a nitroglycerin and dopamine group (n = 30). During the Pringle maneuver the central venous pressure (CVP) was maintained at < 5 mmHg in both groups. The nitroglycerin group received 0.5-1microgram/kg/min nitroglycerin before and during the Pringle maneuver, but in nitroglycerin and dopamine group, 3microgram/kg/min dopamine was administered with nitroglycerin. Mean arterial pressure, CVP, and urine output were measured before, during, and after the Pringle maneuver. BUN and serum creatinine were measured on postoperative days 1 and 3. Results: No significant differences were observed between the mean arterial pressures, CVPs, or urine outputs of the two groups. In both groups, urine output reduced after the Pringle maneuver but increased more in the nitroglycerin and dopamine group than in the nitroglycerin control group after anesthesia. There was no overall statistical change in either BUN or creatinine in either group. Conclusions: We conclude that LCVP induced by nitroglycerin with the Pringle maneuver during hepatectomy does not cause postoperative renal dysfunction, and that the use of low dose dopamine with nitroglycerin has no meaning in terms of preventing renal dysfunction in this situation.
Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Central Venous Pressure* ; Creatinine ; Dopamine* ; Hepatectomy* ; Humans ; Nitroglycerin

Renal agenesis is a disorder characterized by the congenital absence of one or both kidneys due to complete failure of the kidney to form. The syndrome of renal agenesis is severe oligohydramnios, amnion nodosum, flattened face, low-set and floppy ears, and bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia. Bilateral renal agenesis occurs in 0.1 to 0.3 per 1000 births and unilateral involvement occurs in 1 in 500 to 1 in 1300 live births.1,2 Bilateral renal agenesis is an invariably lethal condition, and is associated in more than half of the affected individuals with malformations of the genitourinary tract, cardiovascular system, vertebral bodies or imperforated anus.2 Accurate diagnosis in the mid-trimester permits the parents to allow elective termination. However, the nearly absent amniotic fluid makes an accurate assessment of fetal kidney difficult. We present a case of unilateral renal agenesis with contralateral renal hypoplasia, diagnosed by ultrasonography after amnioinfusion at 21 weeks gestation.
Amnion ; Amniotic Fluid ; Cardiovascular System ; Diagnosis ; Ear ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Oligohydramnios ; Parents ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Ultrasonography