The purpose of this study was to evaluate the position and shape of mental foramen in panoramic radiographs. For t his study, panoramic radiographs were obtained from the 200 adults and evaluated the position and shape of mental foramen. According to various positional changes in panoramic radiographs of the patients, the author also obtained panoramic radiographs from the 100 adults and then evaluated the positional and shape changes of mental foramen. The following results were obtained: 1. Shapes of mental foramen were observed elliptical(43.3%), round or oval(42.5%), unidentified(7.5%) and diffuse(6.7%) type in descending order of frequency. 2. Horizontal position of mental foramen were most frequently observed at the 2nd premolar area(54.2%), and area between the 1st premolar and 2nd premolar(43.1%), area between the 2nd premolar and 1st molar(2.7%), and at apex(9.7%), overlap with apex(1.9%), superior of apex(0.2%) in descending order of frequency. 4. According to various positional changes in panoramic radiographs of the patients, shape changes of mental foramen we re more obviously observed at the forward 10mm and chin down 10degrees positioned panoramic radiographs, And changes of horizo ntal and vertical position were observed in similar to compared with normal positioned panoramic radiographs.
Adult ; Bicuspid ; Chin ; Humans

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the position and shape of mental foramen in panoramic radiographs. For t his study, panoramic radiographs were obtained from the 200 adults and evaluated the position and shape of mental foramen. According to various positional changes in panoramic radiographs of the patients, the author also obtained panoramic radiographs from the 100 adults and then evaluated the positional and shape changes of mental foramen. The following results were obtained: 1. Shapes of mental foramen were observed elliptical(43.3%), round or oval(42.5%), unidentified(7.5%) and diffuse(6.7%) type in descending order of frequency. 2. Horizontal position of mental foramen were most frequently observed at the 2nd premolar area(54.2%), and area between the 1st premolar and 2nd premolar(43.1%), area between the 2nd premolar and 1st molar(2.7%), and at apex(9.7%), overlap with apex(1.9%), superior of apex(0.2%) in descending order of frequency. 4. According to various positional changes in panoramic radiographs of the patients, shape changes of mental foramen we re more obviously observed at the forward 10mm and chin down 10degrees positioned panoramic radiographs, And changes of horizo ntal and vertical position were observed in similar to compared with normal positioned panoramic radiographs.
Adult ; Bicuspid ; Chin ; Humans

Background: For acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with history of prior stroke (PS) and diabetes mellitus (DM), intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA) therapy in the 3- to 4.5-hour window is off-label in Korea. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of IV-tPA in these patients. Methods: Using data from a prospective multicenter stroke registry between January 2009 and March 2021, we identified AIS patients who received IV-tPA in the 3- to 4.5-hour window, and compared the outcomes of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH), 3-month mortality, 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0-1 and 3-month mRS distribution between patients with both PS and DM (PS/DM, n=56) versus those with neither PS nor DM, or with only one (non-PS/DM, n=927). Results: The PS/DM group versus the non-PS/DM group was more likely to have a prior disability, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease and less likely to have atrial fibrillation. The PS/DM and the non-PS/DM groups had comparable rates of SICH (0% vs. 1.7%; p>0.999) and 3-month mortality (10.7% vs. 10.2%; p=0.9112). The rate of 3-month mRS 0-1 was non-significantly lower in the PS/DM group than in the non-PS/DM group (30.4% vs. 40.7%; adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.81 [0.41-1.59]). Conclusions In the 3- to 4.5-hour window, AIS patients with PS/DM, as compared to those with non-PS/DM, might benefit less from IV-tPA. However, given the similar risks of SICH and mortality, IV-tPA in the late time window could be considered in patients with both PS and DM.

No abstract available.
Intracranial Hemorrhages* ; Stroke*

Characteristics of stroke cases, acute stroke care, and outcomes after stroke differ according to geographical and cultural background. To provide epidemiological and clinical data on stroke care in South Korea, we analyzed a prospective multicenter clinical stroke registry, the Clinical Research Center for Stroke-Fifth Division (CRCS-5). Patients were 58% male with a mean age of 67.2+/-12.9 years and median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 3 [1-8] points. Over the 6 years of operation, temporal trends were documented including increasing utilization of recanalization treatment with shorter onset-to-arrival delay and decremental length of stay. Acute recanalization treatment was performed in 12.7% of cases with endovascular treatment utilized in 36%, but the proportion of endovascular recanalization varied across centers. Door-to-IV alteplase delay had a median of 45 [33-68] min. The rate of symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (HT) was 7%, and that of any HT was 27% among recanalization-treated cases. Early neurological deterioration occurred in 15% of cases and were associated with longer length of stay and poorer 3-month outcomes. The proportion of mRS scores of 0-1 was 42% on discharge, 50% at 3 months, and 55% at 1 year after the index stroke. Recurrent stroke up to 1 year occurred in 4.5% of patients; the rate was higher among older individuals and those with neurologically severe deficits. The above findings will be compared with other Asian and US registry data in this article.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Stroke ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In a recent pooled analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs), intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) improves the outcome in patients aged > or =80 years. However, it is uncertain whether the findings are applicable to clinical practice in Asian populations. METHODS: From a multicenter stroke registry database of Korea, we identified patients with acute ischemic stroke who were aged > or = 80 years. Using multivariable analysis and propensity score (PS)-matched analyses, we assessed the effectiveness and safety of intravenous TPA within 4.5 hours. RESULTS: Among 2,334 patients who met the eligible criteria, 236 were treated with intravenous TPA (mean age, 83+/-5; median NIHSS, 13 [IQR, 8-17]). At discharge, the TPA group compared to the no-TPA group had a favorable shift on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score (multivariable analysis, OR [95% CI], 1.51 [1.17-1.96], P=0.002; PS-matched analysis, 1.54 [1.17-2.04], P=0.002) and was more likely to achieve mRS 0-1 outcome (multivariable analysis, 2.00 [1.32-3.03], P=0.001; PS-matched analysis, 1.59 [1.04-2.42], P=0.032). TPA treatment was associated with an increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (multivariable analysis, 5.45 [2.80-10.59], P<0.001; PS-matched analysis, 4.52 [2.24-9.13], P<0.001), but did not increase the in-hospital mortality (multivariable analysis, 0.86 [0.50-1.48], P=0.58; PS-matched analysis, 0.88 [0.52-1.47], P=0.61). CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of clinical practice, intravenous TPA within 4.5 hours improved the functional outcome despite an increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in very elderly Korean patients. The findings, consistent with those from pooled analysis of RCTs, strongly support the use of TPA for this population.
Aged* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Korea ; Propensity Score ; Stroke* ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator*

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: About 30%-40% of stroke patients are taking antiplatelet at the time of their strokes, which might increase the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-TPA) therapy. We aimed to assess the effect of prestroke antiplatelet on the SICH risk and functional outcome in Koreans treated with IV-TPA. METHODS: From a prospective stroke registry, we identified patients treated with IV-TPA between October 2009 and November 2014. Prestroke antiplatelet use was defined as taking antiplatelet within 7 days before the stroke onset. The primary outcome was SICH. Secondary outcomes were discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Of 1,715 patients treated with IV-TPA, 441 (25.7%) were on prestroke antiplatelet. Prestroke antiplatelet users versus non-users were more likely to be older, to have multiple vascular risk factors. Prestroke antiplatelet use was associated with an increased risk of SICH (5.9% vs. 3.0%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.79 [1.05-3.04]). However, at discharge, the two groups did not differ in mRS distribution (adjusted OR 0.90 [0.72-1.14]), mRS 0-1 outcome (34.2% vs. 33.7%; adjusted OR 1.27 [0.94-1.72), mRS 0-2 outcome (52.4% vs. 52.9%; adjusted OR 1.21 [0.90-1.63]), and in-hospital mortality (6.1% vs. 4.2%; adjusted OR 1.19 [0.71-2.01]). CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increased risk of SICH, prestroke antiplatelet users compared to non-users had comparable functional outcomes and in-hospital mortality with IV-TPA therapy. Our results support the use of IV-TPA in eligible patients taking antiplatelet therapy before their stroke onset.
Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages* ; Odds Ratio ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator

On page 47, the definition of stroke progression was erroneously described in the previous version of article.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. METHOD: This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points: at baseline, and 1,2,4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. RESULTS: 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action: a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.
Dyskinesias ; Dystonia ; Electrocardiography ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Risperidone* ; Schizophrenia* ; Vital Signs ; Weights and Measures