BACKGROUND: Direct observation of healthcare workers is commonly used in hospitals to investigate hand hygiene compliance. However, the hand hygiene compliance rate may increase due to the Hawthorne effect, which is the modification of behavior simply because subjects become aware that they are being observed. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of the Hawthorne effect when directly observing hand hygiene compliance in intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare personnel. METHODS: A total of 87 staff members from the coronary care unit and cardiac surgery ICU of a general hospital in Seoul were included in this study: 24 residents and interns, 55 nurses, and 8 nursing assistants. Both covert and overt observations, where subjects were either unaware or aware of any direct observation, were performed on separate occasions. RESULTS: A total of 1,052 covert and 1,336 overt observations were documented over 30 and 34 occasions, respectively. Overall hand hygiene compliance was significantly higher with overt observation than with covert observation (1,041/1,336, 77.9% vs. 659/1,052, 62.6%, P<0.001). The Hawthorne effect was present in all professions and behaviors, with the exception of nursing assistants, and prior to touching a patient. CONCLUSION: Direct observation of hand hygiene compliance was associated with the Hawthorne effect when observations were made overtly and this was likely to contribute to an overestimation of compliance rate.
Compliance ; Coronary Care Units* ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic* ; Hand Hygiene* ; Health Personnel ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units* ; Nursing ; Seoul ; Thoracic Surgery*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge and compliance of guidelines for safe handling of antineoplastic agents among the oncology nurses. METHODS: The participants were 186 nurses from oncology-hematology unit, and outpatient's infusion room in a tertiary hospital. The levels of knowledge of safety guidelines and compliance with safe handling of antineoplastic agents of oncology nurses were measured using structured questionnaires from October 1 to November 30, 2014. RESULTS: Oncology nurses' knowledge of guideline for safe handling of antineoplastic agents presented an average 79.7 out of 100 points. Compliance with safe handling of antineoplastic agents presented an average 4.28 (range: 2.9~5) out of 5 points. The knowledge of guidelines for safe handling of antineoplastic agents was related with oncology experience (F=3.78, p=.012). There were positive relationships of knowledge and compliance with safe handling of antineoplastic agents (r=0.23, p=.002). CONCLUSION: The findings showed that there was a need to establish efficient guidelines for the safe handling of antineoplastic agents and develop our structured, continuous educational program for the improvement of safe practices related to the handling of antineoplastic agents. The developed and enhanced that guideline and educational program would contribute to improvement of staff and patient safety related to the handling of antineoplastic agents.
Antineoplastic Agents* ; Compliance* ; Patient Safety ; Tertiary Care Centers*

The hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome is a primary immunodificiency disorder characterized by recurrent staphylococcal infections and markedly elevated serum IgE level. Clinical features are coarse face and severe infections of the skin-furunculosis or chronically pruritic dermatitis and sinopulmonary tract infection from infancy by coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus, or Candida albicans etc. The patients's serum IgE level is elevated but the basic immunologic pathogenesis not fully understood. We have experienced a case of hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome in a 26/12-year-old who had suffered from recurrent staphylococcal pneumonias and abscesses and chronically pruritic dermatitis from 1 month of age with elevated serum IgE level. A brief review of the related literature is presented.
Abscess ; Candida albicans ; Coagulase ; Dermatitis ; Immunoglobulin E ; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal ; Staphylococcal Infections ; Staphylococcus aureus

As the newly reconstructed nipple tends to be flattened, especially if submitted to pressure, prudent dressings using various protective devices as a physical support against pressure on a new nipple is important. We used a breathing bag connecting tube as a protective device in nipple reconstruction. A breathing bag connecting tube recycled was cut and trimmed at 1cm above the height of the reconstructed nipple. Before stitch out, the newly reconstructed nipple with a local flap was dressed and protected in this way for 10 days after surgery. After stitch out, patients learnt how to manage the new nipple at home. The sole means of nipple dressing was affixing the breathing bag connecting tube with adhesive tape. Two patients had worn the tube for two months with the best compliance. Owing to the soft composition of the tube material, it is possible for a surgeon to have an easy cutting and trimming of the tube at appropriate heights as well as for a patient to show better compliance yielding better results. The cost factor is another advantage.
Adhesives ; Bandages ; Compliance ; Fibrinogen ; Humans ; Nipples* ; Protective Devices ; Respiration*

Lanolin is a complex material consisting of a mixture of numerous esters and polyesters of high-moleculer-weight alcohols and fatty acids, Lanolin allergy is important because lanolin is widely used as an emulsifier in topical medicaments and in numerous cosmetic preparations. We report a case of allergic contact dermatitis in a 27-year-old female. An erythematous pruritic rash develgood around the eyelid developed after applying a new eye cream and was aggravated after applying Cambison ophthalmic ointment. Patch testing showed positive reactions to Cambison ophthalmic ointment, 30% wool alcohol, Amerchol L101 and Nivea cream. A use test with 100% Cambison ophthalmic ointment base was positive
Adult ; Alcohols ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Esters ; Exanthema ; Eyelids ; Fatty Acids ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Lanolin* ; Patch Tests ; Polyesters ; Wool

A 13-month-old boy had irregularly shaped, erythematous to dusky red, slightly raised patches and plaques on the left antecubital fossa and arm for 7 months. The lesions were firm and tender. Histopathologically the lesion consisted of small, circumscribed, angiomatous tufts and lobules with a cannonball appearance scattered throughout dermis, a characteristic feature of tufted angioma. For 15 weeks, interferon-a intralesional injections have been performed and the lesions showed an improvement.
Arm ; Dermis ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Infant ; Injections, Intralesional ; Interferon-alpha* ; Male

Objective: Sarcopenic dysphagia is common in elderly subjects with sarcopenia and dysphagia and is not only the result of aspiration pneumonia but also an important cause of its recurrence. The prevention, assessment, and intervention of sarcopenic dysphagia are thus important aspects in management. Methods: This systematic review aimed to analyze the method and effect of interventions for sarcopenic dysphagia, and to provide clinical evidence for the same. Electronic databases, such as Pubmed, CINAHL, and MEDLINE from 2010 to 2020 were used to research theses. “Sarcopenia” AND (“Sarcopenic dysphagia” OR “Dysphagia” OR “Swallowing disorder”) AND (“Intervention” OR “Therapy” OR “Treatment” OR “Program” OR “Strategy”) were used as the main search terminology. The final seven short-listed theses were used for the analysis. Results: The qualitative level analysis included case reports (six articles), and one group non-randomized study (one article). The most common methods of intervention were nutrition, and physical and swallowing rehabilitation. Furthermore, the intervention was provided with a multidisciplinary approach through the cooperation of experts in various fields. Conclusion We suggest that, in the future, intervention methods could be established by conducting intervention studies with a greater number of subjects. Such studies should be actively carried out and used as clinical evidence for formulating methods for evaluation and intervention in patients with sarcopenic dysphagia.

Coenzyme Q is concentrated in Golgi apparatus membranes and mitochondria, but not in other membranes. Although it is difficult to prove the metabolic action of coenzyme Q administered exogenously in clinical cases, the effect of this substance can be evaluated by criteria based on clinical findings. In an attempt to evaluate the effect of coenzyme Q for the treatment of 67 patients(male 26 cases, female 41 cases) of congestive heart failure, we administered Coenzyme Q1030mg daily for 4 to 8 weeks. Most of them were valvular heart disease(74.6%) and hypertension (14.9%). Clinical effects were evaluated at least 4 weeks later by the criteria using a scoring method of severity of congestive heart failure which was devised by Ishiyama, etc. In summary, a definite effect was found in 13 cases(19%) and a mild effect was observed in 46 cases(69%). During treatment there were no significant side effects, and also no significant changes in heart rate and blood pressure.
Blood Pressure ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)* ; Female ; Golgi Apparatus ; Heart ; Heart Failure* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Membranes ; Mitochondria ; Research Design ; Ubiquinone

No Abstract Available.
Humans ; Renal Dialysis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the clear concept of organizational commitment for effective nursing personnel management. METHOD: This study was conducted using Walker & Avant's conceptual analysis framework(2005). RESULTS: Organizational commitment was identified with six attributes: acknowledgment, acceptance, trust, sacrifice, attachment, regulation. Antecedents of organizational commitment were personal characteristics, perceived organizational support, empowerment, fair compensation, job satisfaction, job autonomy, organizational culture, and leadership. Consequences of organizational commitment were turnover intention, job performance and organizational citizenship behavior. CONCLUSION: Organization commitment is a core concept for understanding the management of nursing personnel. Appropriate instruments to operationalize the concept of organizational commitment including six attributes need to be developed.
Compensation and Redress ; Humans ; Intention ; Job Satisfaction ; Leadership ; Nursing* ; Organizational Culture ; Personnel Management ; Power (Psychology)