BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy(PDT) is a type of photochemotherapy that is designed to kill targeted tumor cells. OBJECTIVE: The Clinical effects of PDT were analysed for response rates, post-treatment healing and adverse effects on several cutaneous carcinoma in situ. METHOD: PDT with topical 5-aminolevulinic acid-based irradiation of corresponding 630+5nm light was performed in 6 carcinoma in situ patients who had actinic keratosis, Bowen' disease or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. RESULT: In all patients the clinical results were exellent with respect to initial complete responses and cosmetic outcome. CONCLUSION: PDT might be chosen as a first line treament for cutaneous carcimoma in situ.
Carcinoma in Situ* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Photochemotherapy* ; Skin*

No abstract available.
Nails

No abstract available.
Dapsone*

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on elementary school children's lifestyle and to contribute to developing on the health education program in elementary schools. The subjects were 1,412 children in 4 elementary schools in Gangwon-Do and Chonrabuk-Do area. Data collection was done from September to November 2001 by questionnaire and school health documents. The questionnaire corrected for the purpose of this study which had been developed by Bronson School of Nursing(1991), 'Lifestyle Questionnaire for School-age Children'. The questionnaire consists of 3 categories; 'Activities that promote health', 'Injury prevention', 'Feeling'. Cronbach coefficient alpha for the 29 items was .68. The data analyzed to obtain frequency, mean, percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient by SPSS Win program. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Females(50.2%) of gender, 6th grade(24.2%) of grade, nuclear family(82.0%) of family type, beyond college graduate(54.5%) of father's school career, under high school graduate(58.1%) of mother's school career, first of birth order(47.1%) were majority. Mean of father's age was 41.2 and mother's age was 38.1. 2. The mean of lifestyle was 66.4, feeling was 73.3, activities that promote health was 60.3 and injury prevention was 64.0. The highest degree of activities that promote health was "I eat fruits" and injury prevention was "I look both ways when crossing streets"and feeling was "I enjoy my family". The lowest degree of activities that promote health was "I visit the dentist every tear" and injury prevention was "I wear a helmet when I go on bike trips" and feeling was "I think it is okay to cry". 3. There were significant differences in lifestyle of gender(t=4.309, p=.000), grade(F=6.299, p=.000), father's age(t=2.534, p=.011), father's education(t=-4.933, p=.000), mother's education(t=-3.360, p=.001), birth order (t=5.363, p=.000). There were significant differences in activities that promote health of gender(t=-2.462, P=.014), grade(F=4.893, p=.000), father's education(t=-4.480, p=.000), birth order(t=4.343, p=.000), in injury prevention of gender(t=-4.452, p=.000), grade(F=8.636, p=.000), father's age(t=3.386, p=.001), mother's age(t=2.059, p=.040), father's education(t=-6.051, p=.000), mother's education(t=-5.173, p=.000), birth order(t= 4.417, p=.000) and in feeling of gender (t=-3.285, p=.001), grade(F=7.526, p=.000), mother's age(t=-3.268, p=.001). 4. Activities that promote health was positively correlated with injury prevention(r=.432, p=.000), feeling(r=.210, p=.000), lifestyle (r=.785, p=.000). Injury prevention was positively correlated with feeling(r=.256, p=.000), lifestyle(r=.854, p=.000) also feeling was positively correlated with lifestyle(r=.504, p=.000). These findings suggest the need to develop nursing strategy to promote elementary school children's health. Because helmet use score in injury prevention marked the lowest score, it is necessary to encourage helmet use when planning injury prevention and health promotion.
Birth Order ; Child ; Data Collection ; Dentists ; Gangwon-do ; Head Protective Devices ; Health Education ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Life Style* ; Nursing ; Parturition ; School Health Services ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The double pylorus is a rare condition consisting of a double communication between gastric antrum and duodenal bulb. Some investigators postulate that the doubling of the pyloric channel is a congenital phenornenon, but others believe that it is an acquired lesion. A 72 year-old-man was admitted to this hospital because of epigastric pain for 1 month. Upper G-I series revealed thickened rnucosal folds of pylorus and duodenal bulb and dilated, deformed duodenal bulb filled with barium materials. Endoscopic findings also showed two ovoid large openings of the pyloric channel divided by smooth thickened septum and multiple gastroduodenal ulcers. We thought that this case was an acquired lesion. The relevant literatures on the subject were reviewed.
Barium ; Duodenal Ulcer ; Humans ; Peptic Ulcer ; Pyloric Antrum ; Pylorus* ; Research Personnel ; Stomach Ulcer

BACKGROUND: Rapid and sensitive detection of KRAS mutation is needed to maximize the benefits for patients who are being treated with monoclonal antibodies to target the epidermal growth factor receptor in colorectal cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the peptide nucleic acid clamp real-time PCR (PCqPCR) as compared to that of direct sequencing (DS) between using fresh colorectal cancer tissue and the matched formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) colorectal cancer tissue. METHODS: The efficacy of PCqPCR was evaluated and compared with that of DS using fresh tissue and matched FFPE tissue from 30 cases of colorectal cancer. RESULTS: PCqPCR is more sensitive than DS for detecting KRAS mutation. PCqPCR detected 1% of mutants in 1 ng DNA. PCqPCR detected mutation in 1% of mutant cells, while DS barely detected, by manual reading, that in 20-50% of mutant cells. In the clinical samples, PCqPCR detected KRAS mutation in 60.0% while DS detected KRAS mutation in 53.3% of the colorectal cancers. The two methods showed a 100% concordance rate for detecting KRAS mutation between the fresh tissue and FFPE tissue. CONCLUSIONS: The PCqPCR method is efficiently applicable for the detection of KRAS mutation in a clinical setting.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; DNA ; Humans ; Paraffin ; Peptide Nucleic Acids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor

Multiple primary cancer is defined as the case of primary malignant tumors of different histologic origins each other in one person, The incidence of multiple primary cancer has been increasing recently due to more developed diagnostie procedure and long survival of cancer patients. In esophageal cancer patients, comibined prevalence of other malignancy is rela tively high. We have experienced three cases of gastric adenocarcinoma with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and report these cases with a review of literatures.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Esophagus* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prevalence ; Stomach*

BACKGROUND: The old age population, including the very old aged (> or = 85 years), is rapidly increasing, and femur neck fracture from accidents is commonly seen in the elderly. Use of bone cement during bipolar hemiarthroplasty can cause bone cement implantation syndrome. METHODS: This study was prospectively conducted on the elderly who were scheduled to undergo elective cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty under spinal anesthesia. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the old age (65-84 years) and very old age groups (> or = 85 years). Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at the following time points: the start of the operation, femoral reaming, cement insertion, every 2 minutes after cement insertion for 10 minutes, femoral joint reduction, and the end of operation. When hypotension occurred, ephedrine was given. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients in the old age group and 32 patients in the very old age group were enrolled. Mean ages were 78.9 and 89.4 years, respectively, in the old age and very old age groups. The very old age group showed constantly decreased levels of cardiac index and stroke volume from cementing until the end of the operation compared to the old age group. To maintain hemodynamic stability after cement insertion, the requirement of ephedrine was higher in the very old age group than in the old age group (13.52 +/- 7.76 vs 8.65 +/- 6.38 mg, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Bone cement implantation during bipolar hemiarthroplasty may cause more prominent hemodynamic changes in very elderly patients. Careful hemodynamic monitoring and management are warranted in very elderly patients undergoing cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty.
Aged ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Bone Cements ; Ephedrine ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Hemiarthroplasty* ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Joints ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke Volume

Dlx3 and Dlx5 are homeobox domain proteins and are well-known regulators of osteoblastic differentiation. Since possible reciprocal relationships between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells exist, we examined the regulatory role of Dlx3 and Dlx5 on adipogenic differentiation using human dental pulp stem cells. Over-expression of Dlx3 and Dlx5 stimulated osteogenic differentiation but inhibited adipogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. Dlx3 and Dlx5 suppressed the expression of adipogenic marker genes such as C/EBPalpha, PPARgamma, aP2 and lipoprotein lipase. Adipogenic stimuli suppressed the mRNA levels of Dlx3 and Dlx5, whereas osteogenic stimuli enhanced the expression of Dlx3 and Dlx5 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. These results suggest that Dlx3 and Dlx5 exert a stimulatory effect on osteogenic differentiation of stem cells through the inhibition of adipogenic differentiation as well as direct stimulation.
Dental Pulp ; Durapatite ; Genes, Homeobox ; Humans ; Lipoprotein Lipase ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Osteoblasts ; PPAR gamma ; Proteins ; RNA, Messenger ; Stem Cells

PURPOSE: This study was done to provide basic data for education of elementary school students on life-respect and peer bullying prevention. METHODS: Participants were 5th and 6th grade elementary school students. Data from the questionnaires of 218 participants were analyzed. RESULTS: 1) The mean score for degree of life-respect was 4.23 (+/-0.38). The types of peer bullying were 'defenders of victims' (3.19+/-0.93), 'bullies' (2.04+/-0.72), 'victims' (1.91+/-0.84), 'bystanders' (1.79+/-0.80), and 'bully-followers' (1.66+/-0.60). 2) There was a significant difference in the degree of life-respect according to gender (t=-2.410, p=.017). Likewise, in the degree of peer bullying, among the type of 'bullies' there were significant differences according to grade (t=-2.285, p=.004), and gender (t=3.191, p=.002). Also, among the types of 'bully-followers' there were significant differences according to gender (t=2.053, p=.041), and having a religion or not (t=3.319, p=.001). 3) There was a significant correlation between life-respect and types of peer bullying. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide helps for more effective provision of educational programs regarding life-respect and peer bullying.
Bullying* ; Child ; Education ; Humans ; Peer Group ; Value of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires