No abstract available.
Muscle, Skeletal* ; Prednisolone*

No abstract available.
Congenital Abnormalities* ; Knee* ; Osteoarthritis* ; Osteotomy*

We performed a retrospective study to analyze the relationship between renal scar and urinary tract infection(UTI) in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux(VUR). During the last 4 years, 24 children with VUR including 15 bilateral cases were managed in this hospital. Median followup was 2 years. Renal scar was noticed in 26(67%) out of 39 renal units. The incidence and the severity of renal scar were increased according to the grade of VUR(r=0.694, p<0.005). The correlationships between the No. of UTI and the grade of VUR and between the No. of UTI and the grade of renal scar were statistically significant(r=0.394, p<0.05, respectively). However, the age of patients did not influence the grade of VUR and the grade of renal scar. In conclusion, the incidence and the severity of renal scar in patients with VUR were significantly correlated with the grade of VUR and the No. of UTI.
Child ; Cicatrix* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Tract ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among stress, depression, and satisfaction to clinical practice in nursing students. METHODS: Three hundred forty-five nursing college students were selected by convenient sampling and data were collected from October to November, 2011. RESULTS: The nursing students experienced moderate stress level. The most severe stressors were adjustment to school and clinical practice. Also, they experienced more than moderate level of satisfaction on clinical practice. The most satisfiable factors were clinical practice circumstance and practice hours. The sophomore had more severe stress and depression and had lower clinical practice satisfaction than the junior. Satisfying with major in nursing as well as clinical practice had a significantly negative correlation with stress and depression. CONCLUSION: Based on this results, we need to develop programs for increasing satisfaction to clinical practice and major in nursing. The program will enhance adaptation ability to clinical practice.
Depression ; Humans ; Students, Nursing

No abstract available.
Shoulder Fractures*

Background: High-dose intravenous steroids are the first-line treatment for patients with moderate-to-severe and active Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). We aimed to investigate the response rate of methylprednisolone (MPD) treatment among Korean patients with active moderate-to-severe GO and to identify predictive factors of treatment response. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study. We included 54 active moderate-to-severe GO patients treated with 4.5 g intravenous MPD over 12 weeks between November 2011 and November 2018. Response was defined as an improvement in at least two of five indicators (clinical activity score [CAS], soft-tissue involvement, exophthalmos, diplopia, and visual acuity) at immediate and 3 months after treatment completion. We examined predictive factors for response using logistic regression analysis. Results: Twenty-four (44.4%) and 22 (40.7%) patients showed response at immediate and 3 months after intravenous (IV) steroid treatment. Of the five ophthalmic parameters, all patients in the responsive group (100.0%) showed a decrease in CAS and 90.9% showed less soft tissue involvement after IV steroid treatment. Among variables, the sum of extraocular muscle width was positively (odds ratio [OR], 1.163; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.973–1.389; P = 0.096) associated with treatment response. While, the OR of age was 0.918 (95% CI, 0.856–0.985; P = 0.017) and thyrotropin binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) was 0.921 (95% CI, 0.864–0.982; P = 0.012). Conclusion In Korean active moderate-to-severe GO patients, intravenous steroid treatment is not as effective as previously reported. Parameters associated with CAS and soft-tissue involvement were found to be influenced by IV MPD treatment. Extraocular muscle enlargement, younger age and lower TBII are predictive factors for a good steroid treatment response.

Purpose: We analyzed the efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for treating patient with urinary tract calculi with using a Dornier Compact S(R)lithotriptor. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all the patient who had urinary calculi and who were treated by ESWL between August 1, 1996 and August 1, 2001. The location and sizes of the stones, the number of sessions, the success rate, the causes of failure and the complications of ESWL were analyzed. The definition of successful treatment was no calcification on the X-ray (plain film, KUB) or residual fragments < or= 3mm in size. Results: Of the 470 cases, there were 157 (33.4%) and 313 (66.6%) cases of renal stones and ureteral stones, respectively. The total success rate was 94.3% (445/470), with success rates of 97.4%, 90.8%, 82.1% and 88.9% for stone sized <10mm, 11-20mm, 21-30mm and >31mm, respectively. Conclusions: The results showed that ESWL is a highly effective and minimally invasive treatment modality as the 1st therapeutic option for urinary stones. The Dornier Compact S(R)is an efficient and safe lithotripter that's capable of treating stones in the kidney and throughout the ureter.
Calculi ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lithotripsy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock* ; Ureter ; Urinary Calculi ; Urinary Tract

Studies on milk transfer of drugs in non-human primates (NHPs) are among the crucial components in the assessment of peri- and postnatal toxicity because of the similarity between NHPs and humans. To evaluate the milk transfer of valproic acid (VPA) in NHPs, the toxicokinetics of VPA, an antiepileptic drug, were studied in pregnant cynomolgus monkeys. VPA was administered once daily to pregnant cynomolgus monkeys at doses of 0, 30, 90, and 270 mg/kg by oral gavage from Day 100 of gestation (GD 100) to Day 31 of lactation (LD 31). Concentrations of VPA and its metabolite, 4-ene-VPA, in the maternal plasma on GD 100, GD 140, and LD 30, and concentrations of VPA and 4-ene-VPA in the offspring plasma and milk on LDs 30 and 31, respectively, were quantified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). After administration of a single oral dose of VPA to pregnant monkeys on GD 100, the concentrations of VPA and 4-ene-VPA were generally quantifiable in the plasma of all treatment groups up to 24 hr after administration, which showed that VPA was absorbed and that the monkeys were systemically exposed to VPA and 4-ene-VPA. After administration of multiple doses of VPA to the monkeys, VPA was detected in the pup's plasma and in milk taken on LD 30 and LD 31, respectively, which showed that VPA was transferred via milk, and the pup was exposed to VPA. Further, the concentration of VPA in the milk increased with an increase in the dose. Extremely low concentrations of 4-ene VPA were detected in the milk and in the pup plasma. In conclusion, pregnant monkeys were exposed to VPA and 4-ene-VPA after oral administration of VPA at doses of 30, 90, and 270 mg/kg/day from GD 100 to LD 31. VPA was transferred via milk, and the VPA exposure to the pup increased with an increase in the dose of VPA. The metabolite, 4-ene VPA, was present in extremely low concentrations (< 0.5 microg/ml) in the milk and in the pup plasma. In this study, we established methods to confirm milk transfer in NHPs, such as mating and diagnosis of pregnancy by examining gestational sac with ultrasonography, collection of milk and pup plasma and determination of toxicokinetics, using cynomolgus monkeys.
Administration, Oral ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; Female ; Gestational Sac ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Lactation ; Macaca fascicularis ; Milk ; Plasma ; Pregnancy ; Primates ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Valproic Acid

The antihypertensive efficacy and safety of Dilevalol, compared with Nicardipine, were evaluated in mild to moderate hypertensive patients in a randomized crossover study. Following a 3 week placebo washout (phase I), the first crossover (phase II) was initiated with 63 patients randomized to dilevalol and 62 to nicardipine. The 6 weeks of treatment was initiated with 100mg of dilevalol once daily or 40mg of nicardipine (20mg B.I.D.). After 2 weeks, patients not achieving a sitting DBP to < or =90mmHg or a decrease of > or =10mmhg were uptitrated to 200mg Dilevalol once daily or 60mg Nicardipine twice daily. A second three week placebo washout (phase III) followed by a second 6 week active treatment phase (phase IV) during which patients were crossed over to the alternative therapy as during phase II if the sitting DBP again met the entrance criteria. 18 patients were only evaluable for the first washout and treatment period because of early discontinuation or protocol violations. They were included in the safety evaluation. phass II patients treated with Dilevalol (n=63) were mean age of 52.9 years, 49% male and 51% mild hypertensives (< or =105mmHg). Phase ??patients treated with Nicardipine (n=62) were mean age of 51.2 years 55% male and 66% mild hypertensives. Both Dilevalol and Nicardipine significantly and equivalently lowered blood pressure relative to baseline (71% versus 67% normalization). Dilevalol slightly but significantly lowered heart rate (-5 beat/min versus -1 beat/min). Dilevalol significantly increased HDL cholesterol (2.1mg/dl, 4.2%) and decreased total cholesterol (9.6mg/dl, 4.2%) while Nicardipine produced only a small but not significant reduction in total cholesterol (3.2mg/dl, 1.2%). The incidence of adverse effects were lower with Dilevalol than with Nicardipine and especially flushing and ankle edema occurred significantly more often with Nicardipine. in conclusion, dilevalol is equally effective but has a superior safety profile to nicardipine in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension.
Ankle ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cross-Over Studies ; Edema ; Flushing ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Incidence ; Labetalol* ; Male ; Nicardipine*

PURPOSE: This study was performed to propose an ontology methodology based on standardized nursing process as framework in obstetric and gynecologic nursing practice. METHODS: The instrument used in this study was based on the nursing diagnosis classification established by North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) (2009-2011), fifth edition of the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) (2008), forth edition of the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) (2008) developed by Iowa State University and systematized nomenclature of medicine clinical terms (SNOMED CT). The nursing records data were collected from electronic medical records of one hospital from August to October 2010. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-one nursing diagnosis statements used in obstetric and gynecologic nursing unit were linked standardized nursing classifications and constructed nursing diagnosis ontology including interoperability. CONCLUSION: Not only will this result be helpful to complete nurse's lack of knowledge and experience, it will also help to determine nursing diagnosis logically by using standardized nursing process. It will be utilized as the method to construct ontology including interoperability in other nursing units. It will be presented nursing interventions according to nursing diagnosis and thus will be easier to establish nursing planning. This can provide immediate feedback of the nursing process application.
Electronic Health Records ; Iowa ; Logic ; Nursing Diagnosis ; Nursing Process ; Nursing Records ; Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine