A case of pineoblastoma in a 28-year-old male is reported. A computerized tomography showed hydrocephalus and a mass in the pineal region. Histologically, the tumor is composed of regular, patternless aggregates of small round undifferentiated cells, resembling medulloblastoma-retinoblastoma group. Immunohistochemical reactivity of the neoplastic cells for neuron specific enolase and synaptophysin demonstrates neuronal differentiation. The patient underwent partial resection of the mass followed by radiotherapy. The patient had no cerebrospinal dissemination at 8 month follow-up. The pineoblastoma is a highly malignant neoplasm, one of the class of primitive neuroectodermnal tumors. The tumor is a very rare pineal parenchymal meoplasms, representing an incidence of less than 0.1% of intracranial tumors. This is the first case of pineoblastoma reported in Korea. In this report the divergent differentiation of the tumor is discussed, along with review of literatures.
Male ; Humans ; Incidence

A case of pineoblastoma in a 28-year-old male is reported. A computerized tomography showed hydrocephalus and a mass in the pineal region. Histologically, the tumor is composed of regular, patternless aggregates of small round undifferentiated cells, resembling medulloblastoma-retinoblastoma group. Immunohistochemical reactivity of the neoplastic cells for neuron specific enolase and synaptophysin demonstrates neuronal differentiation. The patient underwent partial resection of the mass followed by radiotherapy. The patient had no cerebrospinal dissemination at 8 month follow-up. The pineoblastoma is a highly malignant neoplasm, one of the class of primitive neuroectodermnal tumors. The tumor is a very rare pineal parenchymal meoplasms, representing an incidence of less than 0.1% of intracranial tumors. This is the first case of pineoblastoma reported in Korea. In this report the divergent differentiation of the tumor is discussed, along with review of literatures.
Male ; Humans ; Incidence

BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet light induces sunburn, aging of the skin, disorders of pigment and even promotes skin cancers. Melanin is known to have a protecting role in the skin by blocking ultraviolet light. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate UVA blocking effect of epidermal melanin and to compare UVA blocking effect among different anatomical sites. METHODS: From 20 vitiligo patients who had undergone an epidermal graft, we obtained epidermis of normal and vitiliginous skin and measured transmitted UVA energy density. RESULTS: The vitiliginous epidermis, devoid of melanin, blocked lower amount of UVA energy than the normal epidermis. 11.6% of irradiated UVA energy was blocked by epidermal melanin. No significant differences were observed in UVA blocking effect among different anatomical sites in normal and vitiliginous epidermis. CONCLUSION: Epidermal melanin has some UVA blocking effect. No significant differences were found in UVA blocking effect among different anatomical sites despite the differences in the density of melanin pigment among different sites of the body.
Aging ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Melanins* ; Skin ; Skin Neoplasms ; Sunburn ; Transplants ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vitiligo*

BACKGROUND: The activity of drug metabolizing enzymes and the modulation of their expression by inducers in the skin are the key factors for understanding of pharmacological and toxic effects of topically applied drugs. The role of these enzymes is of major importance, as they may contribute to determine the steady-state levels of biologically active substances. 3-Methylcholanthrene and all-trans- retinoic acid have been known to be inducers of the drug metabolizing enzymes. And all-trans- retinoic acid has many biological actions including anti-cancer effects. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of all-trans-retinoic acid on inducing the expression and modulation of genetic polymorphism of drug metabolizing enzymes as well as to estimate the role of all-trans-retinoic acid in carcinogenesis and drug interactions. METHODS: We analyzed the activities of CYP1A1(Cytochrome P450 1Al), NADPH cytochrome P450-reductase, UGT1 and GST after administration of 3-methylcholanthrene and all-trans-retinoic acid to the Sprague-Dawley male rats. We observed the inducible gene expression of CYP1A1, UGT1, GSTJt by RT-PCR and the genetic polymorphism of CYP1A1, UGT1, GSTK by PCR. RESULTS: 1. The expression of CYP1A1, NADPH cytochrome P450-reductase, UGT1 and GST was induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and all-trans-retinoic acid. That of NADPH cytochrome P450-reductase and UGT1 is pronouncedly enhanced by all-trans- retinoic acid. 2. The effects of 3-methylcholanthrene and all-trans-retinoic acid on inducing the expression of CYP1A1 and UGT1 correlated with an increase of mRNA expression levels of CYP1A1 and UGT1. The modulation of mRNA expression levels of GST was downregulated by all-trans-retinoic acid. 3. The genetic polymorphism of CYP1A1 was induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and all-trans- retinoic acid, and that of GSTM1 was not affected by the inducers. The induction of genetic polymorphism of GST was down regulated by all-trans-retinoic acid. CONCLUSION: 3-Methylcholanthrene and all-trans-retinoic acid modulate the inducible expression and genetic polymorphism of drug metabolizing enzymes differentially. All-trans-retinoic acid can modulate the metabolism of procarcinogen such as 3-methylcholanthrene by inducing drug metabolizing enzymes. Furthermore, the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of drug metabolizing enzymes by 3-methylcholanthrene, all-trans-retinoic acid and other drugs could help to understand their respective roles in drug interactions and carcinogenesis.
Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Cytochromes ; Drug Interactions ; Gene Expression* ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolism ; Methylcholanthrene ; NADP ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; RNA, Messenger ; Skin* ; Tretinoin*

This study was started for the purpose of providing the basic data for continous managment of kidney transplantation patients after discharge. This study was conducted on 180 patients who received renal transplants at three hospital ( B, M. P) pusan, korea.. The data collection was done for june 1. to August 31. 2002. General characteristics, renal transplantaton characteristics. physical characteristics, the level of compliance and the degree of educational demand were done by the number and percentage. the mean. standard deviation. The level of compliance and educational demand followed by the characteristics of general and kidney transplantation were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. The result were as fallows: 1. Man was higher than woman such as 60.0%, Mean age was 42.5 years old. Average total duration of after operation was 5.5 years. 2. Cases of systolic blood pressure over 140mmHg were 10.0%, cases of diastolic blood pressure over 90mmHg were 22.8% and obesity factor in BMI was 15.6%. The person who daily water intake amount is 5000cc was 0,6%, the case that daily urine output is below 1000cc was 8.9%. and the case that urine output is zero was 0,6%. 3. The mean score of compliance was 77.47 point. The score in medication part was highest such as 4.67 point, that in stress situation was lowest such as 3,50 point. 4. The average score of educational demand was 154.02 point. and physical state part was 4.36 points highest. activation part was 3.48 points lowest. As a role of nurse Confirmation of compliance is very important encourage to make good through regular hospital visitation. point out the noncompliance part and then increase compliance of renal transplantation patient As well there will be maintain the normal kidney function to satisfy educational demand through continous education.
Blood Pressure ; Busan ; Compliance* ; Data Collection ; Drinking ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Korea ; Obesity

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Papillary* ; Thyroid Gland*

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is rare but frequently fatal disease that usually occures in diabetic patients, 6cases having been reported in Korea. We have experienced a case of simultaneously occuring emphysematouspyelonephritis and emphysematous cystitis in 54 years old female patient, which have never been reported in Korea,and got satisfactory improvement with medical treatment.
Cystitis ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Pyelonephritis

Trichilemmal horn(trichilemmal keratosis) is a rare keratinizing tumor that resembles a cutaneous horn. Histologically, it is characterized by an abrupt maturation of keratinocytes into lamellar keratin without the formation of a granular layer. We describe a case of a trichilemmal horn on the right cheek of a 78-year-old woman.
Aged ; Animals ; Cheek ; Female ; Horns* ; Humans ; Keratinocytes

To introduce an OEM course of problem-based learning(PBL) on tutorial basis, we developed the case-studies on both clinical and community contexts. The 2nd grade medical students were divided into eight small groups. The case-study course was for 3 weeks from September 30 to October 14 in 1998. There were 3 steps for design of case-study course : course planning, implementation, and evaluation which were conducted by 3 tutors and 91 students. We developed 32 cases, and a student solved 3 clinical cases during 3 weeks. There were 3 cases which were the case I(metals), the case II(solvent) and the case III(systemic toxicity). The case-study program was evaluated with questionnaire survey method at the start and end of the course by students. We obtained satisfactory responses from students. Multiple-choice tests revealed that students in case-study group had significantly(P<0.05) higher score than those attended the standard lecture. We concluded that problem-based learning with specific occupational contents is well accepted by students and improves their occupational medicine knowledge.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Humans ; Occupational Medicine ; Problem-Based Learning* ; Students, Medical

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the level of emotional labor, social support, and depressive symptoms of nurses, and the relationships among them. METHODS: The data were collected from 314 nurses. Surface and deep-acting scales of the Emotional Labor Scale (ELS), the personal resource questionnaire, the organizational support scale, and the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Rating Scale for Depression (CES-D) were used. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Scheffe test. RESULTS: Fifty six percent of total subjects had mild or major depressive symptoms. As the level of surface-acting of ELS was higher, so was the level of depressive symptoms, while as the level of individual and organizational support was higher, the level of depressive symptoms was lower. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to provide organizational-level support and to manage surface-acting in order to prevent the nurses' depressive symptoms. In particular, for the nurses who show relatively higher level of depressive symptoms; who are in 20s and have short employed years or not married, it is urgently required to be provided depressive symptoms management programs that targeted for those nurses.
Depression ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Weights and Measures