The attitude toward the use of autopsies affects the incidence of performance of the procedure. In foreign countries, many studies on this subjects have been conducted. However, in Korea, no study has been reported. We hypothesized that the general university students may be negative, whereas the medical college students may have positive attitude toward the use of autopsies. In contrary to our hypothesis, there existed only a little difference for the attitude toward conducting an autopsy between the general university students and the medical students. Both groups had positive attitudes toward autopsy. When the medical students become medical doctors, the main reason for not requesting patients to be conducted an autopsy is that their family members may feel offended. These results show that the low incidence of autopsy cases in Korea is caused not by the attitude of the general population, but by the attitude of medical doctors. Thus, we should make every effort to increase the incidence of autopsy by educational programs and discussions about autopsy and death.
Autopsy* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Students, Medical

No abstract available.

Infantile esotropia is an esodeviation with onset before six months of age, characterized by a large stable angle and initial alternation with cross fixation. The natural history of infantile esotropia has not yet been verified. A 39-month-old girl presented with a history of esotropia. She was firstnoted to constantly cross her eyes at three months of age. At the age of five months, she was diagnosed by one of the authors[SHH]to have 25 prism-diopters of esotropia with a low hyperopic refractive error of 0.50D sphere. At that time, she fixed and followed with either eye. Ductions and versions were full. On three more examinations in her first year, she consistently showed 25~30 prism-diopters of esotropia. Against medical recommendation, she did not undergo any surgery. At the age of 39 months, she was found to be orthophoric at distance and at near by another author[JMH]. She could not identify flies or animals in random dot stereograms or Titmus stereograms. At the age of four years, she was still orthophoric at distance and at near. All the ophthalmologic findings remained the same. At the age of five years, she developed exophoria and DVD OS. She still could not identify flies. In conclusion, in rare cases infantile esotropia with a relatively small angle may spontaneously resolve without any treatment.
Animals ; Child, Preschool ; Diptera ; Esotropia* ; Exotropia ; Female ; Humans ; Natural History ; Refractive Errors

PURPOSE: To report a case of Charles Bonnet syndrome that developed after resection of a meningioma. CASE SUMMARY: The authors reviewed the medical record, brain magnetic resonance image, and Goldmann visual field test of a 56-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with a meningioma in the right parietal and occipital lobe and underwent resection of the tumor. The preoperative Goldmann visual field test showed homonymous left inferior quadrantanopsia. Subtotal resection of the mass in the right parietal and occipital lobe was performed, and postoperative histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of a meningioma. Postoperatively, the patient complained of visual hallucination in an area of the eye with visual field defects. However, his consciousness and orientations were intact, and other cognitive functions were also normal. CONCLUSIONS: Visual hallucination can manifest in an area with visual field defects after resection of abrain tumor. In such a case, a diagnosis of Charles Bonnet syndrome should be considered.
Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Consciousness ; Eye ; Hallucinations ; Hemianopsia ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Medical Records ; Meningioma ; Middle Aged ; Occipital Lobe ; Orientation ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

BACKGROUND: During craniotomy operations, the PaCO2 has therapeutic implications because hyperventilation is often used to lower intracranial pressure. PETCO2 is often used as an estimate of PaCO2, with the assumption that P(a-ET)CO2 is relatively constant. To clarify the relationship between PaCO2 and PETCO2, sixty patients undergoing elective craniotomies were studied. METHODS: Arterial blood gases were measured from 30 minutes after endotracheal intubation to skin closure at an interval of 30 minutes in thirty patients, and at random interval in another thirty patients. PETCO2 was simultaneously determined with infrared capnography(Datex AS/3TM, Filand). RESULTS: The PaCO2 was 31.7+/-3.0 mmHg and PETCO2, 26.3+/-2.5 mmHg, with a P(a-ET)CO2 of 5.5+/-2.7 mmHg(n = 431, range between 0-13.5). There was a significant positive correlation between PaCO2 and PETCO2(r = 0.537, slope = 0.440, P<0.001) and between P(a-ET)CO2 and PaCO2(r = 0.625, slope = 0.555, P<0.001). Although changes in the pooled data of PaCO2 and PETCO2 correlated statistically, comparisons in 43 of 60(71.6%) individuals were not correlated. On comparisons of subsequent measurements, 17.0% of changes in PaCO2 and PETCO2 were in opposite directions. P(a-ET)CO2 had a tendency to increase with time during surgery(slope = 0.0082), but there was no statistically significant difference between the measurements. CONCLUSION: The PETCO2 measured with infrared capnography does not provide a stable reflection of PaCO2 in many patients undergoing craniotomy. Therefore, we concluded that capnography must be used in conjuction with arterial blood gas measurements for monitoring the respiratory acid-base status of mechanically ventilated neurosurgical patients undergoing craniotomy.
Capnography ; Carbon Dioxide* ; Carbon* ; Craniotomy* ; Gases ; Humans ; Hyperventilation ; Intracranial Pressure ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Skin

Arterial cannulation for constant monitoring of arterial pressure and blood gase analyses has become commonplace in the care of the critically ill patients. The radial artery is often regarded as causing a negligible complication risk because of extensive collateral arterial flow in the hand. One of other alternative sites for arterial cannulation is femoral artery. Femoral artery cannulation has a high degree of success in very small, critically ill children. It should be considered an acceptable alternative to small-vessel cannulation when the latter is not technically achievable, or in the unstable patient where rapid establishment of reliable artery access is necessary. Arterial cannulation may cause many complications: arterial catheters can directly injure the vessels, resulting in thrombosis, occlusion, distal embolization or ischemia. Local insertion site complications, such as hematoma, hemorrhage, and infection may occur. Arterial catheter may also be a source of systemic sepsis. We report an unusual case of unintentional release of a catheter fragment into the external iliac artery in a 7-month (7.8 kg) male patient with tetralogy of Fallot, which was inadvertently inserted during right femoral artery cannulation. The catheter fragment was successfully retrieved with the Amplatz Goose Neck microsnare under fluoroscopy without any problems.
Arterial Pressure ; Arteries ; Catheterization* ; Catheters* ; Child ; Critical Illness ; Femoral Artery* ; Fluoroscopy ; Hand ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Iliac Artery* ; Ischemia ; Male ; Neck ; Radial Artery ; Sepsis ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; Thrombosis

Alcoholic celiac plexus blocks have been used to relieve intractable upper abdominal cancer pain. Various techniques have been proposed including the use of the X-ray and CT scanner to improve results and to avoid complications. We used the CT scanner and the X-ray fluroscope for 36 cases of alcoholic celiac plexus blocks to determine the depth and position of the needle without previous diagnostic blocks. Good to excellent pain relief occurred in more than 72% of the patients and the advantages of the use of the CT scanner showed that 1) placement of the needle tip is easily established according to the surrounding anatomical structures. 2) the operator can introduce the needle without anxiety. 3) the time required for block are saved.
Alcoholics ; Anxiety ; Celiac Plexus* ; Humans ; Needles

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate trends in home-visit nursing care by agencies' characteristics under the national long-term care insurance system. METHODS: Cochran-Mantel-Haenzel tests were conducted, using data drawn from the nationwide long-term care insurance claim database of the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation from 2009 to 2011. RESULTS: The number of home-visit nursing care agencies has decreased continuously since 2009. There were also similar trends in the total amount of service provided by home-visit nursing care agencies, the number of recipients, the number of employees, and payments. This study showed that there were statistically significant differences in the trends in home-visit nursing care by agencies' characteristics. Despite the overall downward trend, there were some increases in the percentage of home-visit nursing care provided by agencies which were established by individuals, located in large cities, and which combined home-visit care with home-visit bathing. CONCLUSION: Home-visit nursing care agencies are responsible for providing community-based healthcare services. For past three years, however, they have not been utilized to their full potential. Understanding the trends in home-visit nursing care by agencies' characteristics is important to develop utilization strategies for home-visit nursing care.
Delivery of Health Care ; Home Nursing ; Insurance, Long-Term Care ; Long-Term Care ; National Health Programs ; Nursing Care

No abstract available.
Hallermann's Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Fallopian Tubes* ; Female