PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among self-efficacy, collective efficacy, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment of nurses working in general hospitals. METHODS: Data were collected from 239 nurses working in five general hospitals of a local area by self-reported questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchial multiple regression. RESULTS: Self-efficacy, collective efficacy, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment showed significantly positive correlations. Hierarchial multiple regression analysis showed that self-efficacy was the main factor of affecting job satisfaction, which explained 14.3% of the variance for the nurses' job satisfaction together with collective efficacy and weekly working time. In addition, the primary factor of affecting organization commitment was self-efficacy, which accounted for 17.2% of the variance for the nurses' organizational commitment together with hospital size and shift work. CONCLUSION: Self-efficacy and nursing working condition such as working time or hospital size contributed to the job satisfaction and organizational commitment and collective efficacy contributed to the job satisfaction. Therefore, the strategies for improving self and collective efficacy should be considered. Further study is also needed to investigate the concept of collective efficacy and its' measurement, and the relationship between collective efficacy and organizational commitment.
Health Facility Size ; Hospitals, General ; Job Satisfaction* ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

We report a case of acantholytic dyskeratotic epidermal nevus in a 28-year-old female. The patient showed unilateral, asymptomatic, grouped, 2 mm sized, brownish, follicular ant non-follicular, keratotic papules disposed along Blaschko´s lines on the right side of th back, flank and abdomen. She had had this condition for 4 years. The biopsy specimen obtaine, from the abdomen showed hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis, acantholytic suprabasal clefts, corps ronds, and grains. Although cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen was per formed on half of the lesions, the whole skin lesions healed with focal hypertrophic scars 4 weeks later. There was no recurrence after a 12 months follow-up period. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of acantholytic dyskeratotic epidermal nevus in Korean dermatologi, literature.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Ants ; Biopsy ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Cryotherapy ; Darier Disease* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Nitrogen ; Parakeratosis ; Recurrence ; Skin

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between disease progression and expression of c-erbB-2 and S-100 protein positive dendritic cells in Cervical cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Tissues were analyzed from 100 patients. Each of them had invasive carcinoma(44), microinvasive(12), CIS(33), CIN(II) before treatment, c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression and S-100 protein positive dendritic cell were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. (Avidin-biotin complex method) RESULTS: C-erbB-2 immunostaining was significantly associated with disease progression (p<0.05). In case of CIN I, there was not noted stained specimen but in case of invasive carcinoma, 24 cases of stained specimen were noted. S-100 protein positive dendritic cell was not associated with disease progression of cervical carcinoma.(p>0.05) CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, c-erbB-2 is possible factor in Carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma with progression of it. and S-100 protein positive dendritic cell was not associated with disease progression of cervical carcinoma.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Dendritic Cells* ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; S100 Proteins* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Green tobacco sickness is an illness caused by dermal exposure to nicotine. The common symptoms of the disease include dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, severe general weakness, fluctuations of blood pressure or heartbeat, abdominal cramping, chills, increased sweating, salivation, and difficulty breathing. A 79-year-old female arrived at the emergency room for an evaluation of sudden onset dizziness. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography of the brain did not show any relevant abnormal findings. Four days later, with supportive care, she said that she had harvested green tobacco for six hours on the day of admission and the tobacco harvest was the first time in her life. She sweated excessively during the hot and humid weather and the tobacco leaves were wet from rain the night before. The serum cotinine tested at five days of admission was 16ng/ml. She was diagnosed with acute nicotine poisoning by her clinical symptoms and the half-life of cotinine in the blood.

No abstract available.
Nipples*

BACKGROUND: An aggressive skin cancer on the nose, tends to have poorly defined clinical margins, and has a higher recurrence rate. A small tumor on the nose is usually easily treated by any of the standard methods. However, removal and reconstruction with preserved cosmesis is more laborous in a basal cell carcinoma larger than 10 mm in diameter. This is because the nose has complex contoures, unique skin color and texture, and the limited availability of mobile adjacent skin. When available Mohs micrographic surgery is the preferred treatment for these large tumors. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate the preferred reconstruction method(especially, local flap reconstruction) by the cosmetic unit of the nose after Mohs micrographic surgery. METHODS: From March 1991 to February 1997, twenty-one patients were diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma on the nose at our department. All the tumors were removed with Mohs micrographic surgery, and then the defects were reconstructed with a primary closure, skin graft, and local flap.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Humans ; Mohs Surgery* ; Nose* ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Skin Neoplasms ; Transplants

Osteoporosis represents reduced amount of bone mass per unit volume as compared with controls of the same age and sex. The purpose of this study was to show how bone mineral densities of spine and intertrochanteric area decrease with aging, to investigate the relationship between the bone mineral densities (BMD) of the two areas, and to obtain fracture threshold values. We measured BMD of lumbar vertebrae and intertrochanteric areas by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) from 241 postmenopausal women. 190 normal postmenopausal women comprised non-fracture group and there were 50 fresh thoracolumbar fracture patient and 31 intertrochanteric fracture patients in whom the fractures were not caused by high energy trauma. The mean bone mineral density values of non-fracture group were significantly higher than those of fracture groups and significant correlation held between bone density of spine and that of intertrochanteric area in non-fracture group and fracture groups. The fracture threshold was 0.837 g/cm3 in spine fracture group and 0.792 g/cm3 in the intertrochanteric fracture group.
Absorptiometry, Photon* ; Aging ; Bone Density* ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Osteoporosis ; Spine

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of ChatGPT in biological nursing science education. Methods: This study was conducted by entering questions about the field of biological nursing science into ChatGPT versions GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 and evaluating the answers. Three questions each related to microbiology and pharmacology were entered, and the generated content was analyzed to determine its applicability to the field of biological nursing science. The questions were of a level that could be presented to nursing students as written test questions. Results: The answers generated in English had 100.0% accuracy in both GPT-3.5 and GPT-4. For the sentences generated in Korean, the accuracy rate of GPT-3.5 was 62.7%, and that of GPT-4 was 100.0%. The total number of Korean sentences in GPT-3.5 was 51, while the total number of Korean sentences in GPT-4 was 68. Likewise, the total number of English sentences in GPT-3.5 was 70, while the total number of English sentences in GPT-4 was 75. This showed that even for the same Korean or English question, GPT-4 tended to be more detailed than GPT-3.5. Conclusion This study confirmed the advantages of ChatGPT as a tool to improve understanding of various complex concepts in the field of biological nursing science. However, as the answers were based on data collected up to 2021, a guideline reflecting the most up-to-date information is needed. Further research is needed to develop a reliable and valid scale to evaluate ChatGPT’s responses.

The wrist joint is often involved in the early stages of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is regarded as a main target of the disease. Since the wrist plays a key role in the articulations of the upper extremities, appropriate treatment of this joint will preserve the patient's work ability and independence. When surgical intervention is considered, determining the disease extent is as important as the type of rheumatoid involvement. This can be achieved by performing an extensive clinical and functional assessment of the extremities. In addition, understanding radiological findings also helps to determine the type of rheumatoid destruction, and the subsequent treatment algorithms. Success of surgical management depends on a well-considered strategy in the timing of different procedures. Prophylactic surgery, such as a synovectomy of the joint or tendon could be performed in the early stages to prevent further destruction and deformation. As destruction at the radiocarpal level progresses in the later stages of the disease, reconstructive surgery such as partial joint fusion combined with ulnar head resection, total wrist fusion or wrist arthroplasty could be considered. In the event of severe destruction, definitive stabilization by total wrist fusion is indicated. A pain-free, stable wrist joint often outweighs immobility.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthrodesis ; Arthroplasty ; Extremities ; Head ; Joints ; Oxalates ; Synovitis ; Tendons ; Upper Extremity ; Wrist ; Wrist Joint

This is to report a case of immediate reconstruction after hemimandibulectomy by using of bicorticocancellous block bone harvested from the iliac crest in the case of an ameloblastomaon the mandible. Because the lesion involved condylar area, it was reconstructed with titanium artificial condyle attached to A/O metal plate. Three weeks after the operation, infection developed with suppuration and was well treated with adequate antibiotic therapy and drainage. The patient has been followed up over a four-year period and taken an orthopantomogram every three or six month for the examination of mandibular movement, the potentiality of recurrence and the remodeling of the grafted bone. At present, the patient is satisfied with her appearence and has a normal occlusion with proper masticatory function, and there is no sign of recurrence.
Ameloblastoma* ; Drainage ; Humans ; Mandible ; Mandibular Osteotomy ; Recurrence ; Suppuration ; Titanium ; Transplants*