Purpose: This study examined the effects of a person-centered fall prevention program for older adults with dementia in long-term care hospitals. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The study sample included 42 older adults with dementia (experimental group: 21, control group: 21) and 42 caregivers (experimental group: 21, control group: 21). The program comprised 48 sessions held over 12 weeks and included exercise intervention with resistance and balance, dance walking (45~60 min, three times/week), cognitive and emotional intervention (35~50 min, once per week), and person-centered fall prevention education (10 min, once per week). The program for caregivers consisted of six educational sessions (i.e., fall prevention competency enhancement and person-centered care strategy education, 80 min, once per week) for six weeks. Data were collected before participation and 12 weeks after program completion from February 18 to May 12, 2019. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test, t-test, and Mann―Whitney U test with SPSS/WIN 21.0. Results: The experimental group of older adults with dementia showed significant improvement in physical and cognitive functions, and a decrease in depression, and behavioral and psychological symptoms, when compared with the control group. caregivers in the experimental group exhibited significant improvement in fall-related knowledge and person-centered care of older adults with dementia compared to the control group. Conclusion The study findings indicate that this program was effective as a nursing intervention for fall prevention among older adults with dementia in long-term care hospitals.

Plate fixation is being regarded as one of the reliahle fixation method in the management of tibial fractures. But this technique may leave many complications including infection. However, delayed local infection which developed several weeks after open reduction on the tibia has been rarely described as a complication in the literatures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the contributing factors to the delayed locaI infection in tibial fracture treated with plate fixation. Authors reviewed and analyzed the 60 cases of tihial fracture that were treated with plate and screws from 1989 to 1996. Analyses dealt with fracture classification, laboratory and radiographic findings and the site of plate application. We defined a delayed local infection as a condition in which patient has infection signs on Jaboratory and physical examination at or over 8 week post-operation without any evidence of osteomyelitis on plain radiographs. We found 7 cases of delayed local infection out of 60 tibial fractures from 8 to 21 weeks postoperatively with an average of 14.1 weeks. All the 7 cases that had been treated with plate on medial aspect of tibia were treated by administration of antibiotics without surgery such as debridement or removal of hardwares. Authors concluded that the medial plating was the most important factor of the development of delayed local infection(Z=1.78).
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Classification ; Debridement ; Humans ; Osteomyelitis ; Physical Examination ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures*

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the process of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy corresponding to stage of exercise behavior based on the Transtheoretical model in patients with chronic arthritis. METHOD: The participants were 151 patients with chronic arthritis using an out-patient pain clinic and hospital in C city. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA, Sheffe test and discriminant analysis with SPSS/WIN. RESULTS: The patients were distributed as follows for each stage of exercise behavior 21.8% in the precontemplation stage, 26.5% in the contemplation stage, 25.2% in the preparation stage, 7.3% in the action stage, and 19.2% in the maintenance stage. Significant effects for stage of change were found for nine of the 10 processes of change and Pros, Cons, self-efficacy. Scores on these variables were found to increase across the stage of exercise behaviors from precontemplation to maintenance. Discriminant analysis revealed that self-efficacy and stimulus control, and reinforcement management were the major correlates of the stage of exercise behaviors. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study give useful information for exercise intervention, by using strategies of exercise for chronic arthritis patients in different stages of exercise behavior.
Arthritis* ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Pain Clinics

Background: The elderly have, a higher disease morbidity than other age groups due to a decrease in resistance to the diseaseand have complex diseases, so care should be taken. Accordingly, it is considered important to provide information for improving the health of the elderly. Health information plays an important role in individual health promotion and education, so the degree of exposure to information about oral health of the elderly is expected to have a significant impact on understanding and acquiring information on oral content videos on the importance, prevention, and management of oral health of the elderly in the future. Methods: This study analyzed video content related to oral diseases of the elderly in a total of 150 videos uploaded on YouTubefrom January 1, 2012 to May 13, 2021, using a total of three books of dental hygiene for the elderly. Results: Forty-nine broadcasters accounted for the most of this information. Among the information providers, there were twodental hygienists. They accounted for 1.3% of all the information providers. The highest number of dental hygienists who broadcasted information was 42 in 2019. The average number of views was 37,303 periodontal diseases, the highest. Among the videos, dry mouth was the most common with 34 oral diseases. Conclusion The number of images for each disease varies, so it seems that information should be provided in various ways. Dentalhygienists should widely improve oral health knowledge by providing various dental hygiene management images for each oral disease to improve the oral health of the general public. In addition, based on the information of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, the development and provision of content should be actively carried out so that people can obtain the information they desire.

BACKGROUND: It has been widely accepted that the prevalence of tinea pedis in soldiers may be higher due to their occlusive army boots and communal baths. OBJECTIVE: Our study was designed to investigate the prevalence of tinea pedis in Korean soldiers monthly throughout the year by the ranks of the soldiers and also to verify whether tinea pedis is one of the occupational diseases in Korean soldiers. METHODS: We examined the feet of soldiers in a battalion monthly throughout the year. On those with suspected skin lesions, microscopic examinations along with fungus cultures were performed in July, 1996. RESULTS: Average prevalence of tinea pedis throughout the year was 51.5% on clinical examination. The highest prevalence was 74.0% in August and the lowest in February by 36.7% . The prevalence of tinea pedis by rank was 38.3%(18/47) in the new private group, 61.7%(29/47) in the private group, 84.8%(67/79) in the private 1st class group, 72.4%(55/76) in the corporal group and 70.9%(39/55) in the sergeant group in July, 1996. Dermatophytes were demonstrated microscopically in 59.1%(123/208) of the specimens examined. Cultures were positive in 93 cases, i.e., from 44.7% of those examined. CONCLUSION: The major factor contributing to the highest prevalence of tinea pedis in August among the months of the year seems to be the hot and damp weather conditions(especially in July and August). Considering the fact that the prevalence of tinea pedis in winter season was also higher by 36.7-40.2%, Korean soldiers seem to possess higher risk of tinea pedis due to their tight-fitting army boots. The spread of infection among non-infected soldiers might have resulted from the communal bath and Korean traditional habit of taking-off their shoes in a large dormitory where they sleep together. Moreover, the fact that the prevalence of tinea pedis increases markedly with their ranks suggests that tinea pedis should be considered as an occupational disease among Korean soldiers.
Arthrodermataceae ; Baths ; Foot ; Fungi ; Humans ; Military Personnel* ; Occupational Diseases ; Prevalence* ; Seasons ; Shoes ; Skin ; Tinea Pedis* ; Tinea* ; Weather

Cutaneous fistula of dental origin is the most common type of cutaneous fistula that is formed on the face and neck. This lesion can be a diagnostic challenge to clinicians who are not familiar with cutaneous fistula since many patients with cutaneous fistula of dental origin do not have any complaints such as toothache. Diagnostic errors may result in multiple excisions, biopsies, and ineffective long-term antibiotic therapy. However, if the lesion could be suspected of being of dental origin, the diagnosis can be easily confirmed by radiologic examinations. We report four cases of cutaneous fistula of dental origin. All four patients had a characteristic cutaneous findings with chronically draining, fixed, erythematous papule on their nasolabial fold or submental region. Ultrasonography, fistulography or plain roentgenography were needed to confirm the diagnosis of cutaneous fistula originating from dental problems.
Biopsy ; Cutaneous Fistula* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Nasolabial Fold ; Neck ; Radiography ; Toothache ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical usefulness of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of mild and very mild carpal tunnel syndrome. METHOD: Ultrasonographic evaluation was performed in 39 hands of 29 patients with mild and very mild carpal tunnel syndrome according to Bland's neurophysiologic grading scale. Controls included 41 hands of 34 subjects without electrophysiologic evidence of carpal tunnel syndrome. Ultrasonographic findings were evaluated quantitatively with regard to the cross-sectional area, the flattening ratio, the swelling ratio of the median nerve, and palmar displacement of the flexor retinaculum. The analysis of differences between controls and patients group were done by independent t-test. Cut-off values using receiver operation characteristic, were calculated. RESULTS: Patients had significantly increased cross sectional area and flattening ratio of the median nerve at proximal carpal area, palmar displacement of the flexor retinaculum at proximal carpal area. A critical value of equal or higher to 8.5 mm(2) for cross-sectional area at the pisiform level showed a sensitivity 79.5%, a specificity of 95.1%, which had most diagnostic value compared with the value of cross-sectional area at the distal radius level, flattening ratio at the pisiform level and palmar displacement. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography was useful in the diagnosis of mild and very mild carpal tunnel syndrome.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Displacement (Psychology) ; Hand ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; Radius ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: Isosulfan blue has been traditionally used as a tracer to map the lymphatic system during identification of the sentinel lymph node (SLN). However, this vital dye is difficult to obtain in Korea. Radioisotopes such as technetiumlabeled sulfur colloid or albumin colloid are also expensive and complex to use. The purpose of this study is to evaluate usefulness of a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) using methylene blue dye in breast cancer patients. METHODS: We evaluated the sentinel node mapping experience using methylene blue dye from July 2003 to January 2007. Fifty-eight patients with clinical T1-T2 breast cancer without palpable axillary lymph nodes were enrolled. All SLNs were submitted for intraoperative frozen section and hematoxyline and eosin (H & E) stain analysis. For the negative SLNs, serial sections of each SLN specimen were examined by permanent H & E staining and by immunohistochemical techniques (IHC) using cytokeratin. Regardless of the results of a frozen section for the SLNs, a backup level II or III axillary lymph node dissections (ALND) was performed. RESULTS: Of the 58 patients that underwent a SLNB using methylene blue dye, an SLN was identified in 56 patients (96.6%), and metastatic SLNs were detected in 14 cases. Axillary lymph node metastasis found in 18 out of 58 patients. Thus, the false negative rate for a SLNB was 22.2% (4/18). Two patients had a micrometastasis (pN1mi) and two patients had clusters of isolated tumor cells (pN0[i+]) that were identified in the SLNs by IHC with the additional use of cytoketatin. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the SLNBs were 77.8%, 100%, and 92.9%, respectively. The false negative rate improved with the accumulation of experience for performing a SLNB (12.5% vs 30.0%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy of preoperative ultrasonography (USG) for an axillary lymph node metastsis were 50.0%, 95.5%, 81.8% and 81.0% respectively. CONCLUSION: Based on our initial experience, methylene blue dye is safe, inexpensive, and a readily available tracer for the SLN mapping, and it could be an effective alternative to the use of isosulfan blue dye for accurately identifying SLNs in early breast caner patients. We expected that the findings of preoperative USG could serve as useful adjuncts to a SLNB.
Biopsy* ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Colloids ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Frozen Sections ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Keratins ; Korea ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphatic System ; Methylene Blue* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Micrometastasis ; Radioisotopes ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Sulfur ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Use of nutrition labels in food selection is recommended for consumers. The aim of this study is to examine factors, mainly beliefs explaining nutrition label use in female college students based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were female college students from a university in Seoul, Korea. The survey questionnaire was composed of items examining general characteristics, nutrition label use, behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, corresponding motivation to comply, and control beliefs. The subjects (n = 300) responded to the questionnaire by self-report, and data from 275 students were analyzed using t-test or chi2-test. RESULTS: The results showed that 37.8% of subjects were nutrition label users. Three out of 15 behavioral beliefs differed significantly by nutrition label use. Nutrition label users agreed more strongly on the benefits of using nutrition labels including 'comparing and selecting better foods' (P < 0.001), 'selecting healthy foods' (P < 0.05). The negative belief of 'annoying' was stronger in non-users than in users (P < 0.001). Three out of 7 sources (parents, siblings, best friend) were important in nutrition label use. Twelve out of 15 control beliefs differed significantly by nutrition label use. These included beliefs regarding constraints of using nutrition labels (e.g., time, spending money for healthy foods) and lack of nutrition knowledge (P < 0.001). Perceived confidence in understanding and applying the specifics of nutrition labels in food selection was also significantly related to nutrition label use (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that the beliefs, especially control beliefs, suggested in the TPB were important in explaining nutrition label use. To promote nutrition label use, nutrition education might focus on increasing perceived control over constraints of using nutrition labels, acquiring skills for checking nutrition labels, as well as the benefits of using nutrition labels and receiving support from significant others for nutrition label use.
Education ; Female ; Food Preferences ; Humans ; Korea ; Motivation ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Siblings

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a rare peroxisomal disorder, that is rapidly progressive, neurodegenerative, and recessive, and characteristically primary affects the central nervous system white matter and the adrenal cortex. X-ALD is diagnosed basaed on clinical, radiological, and serological parameters, including elevated plasma levels of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA), such as C24:0 and C26:0, and high C24:0/C22:0 and C26:0/C22:0 ratios. These tests are complemented with genetic analyses. A 7.5-year-old boy was admitted to Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital with progressive weakness of the bilateral lower extremities. Brain magnetic resonance imaging confirmed clinically suspected ALD. A low dose adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test revealed parital adrenal insufficiency. His fasting plasma levels of VLCFA showed that his C24:0/C22:0 and C26:0/C22:0 ratios were significantly elevated to 1.609 (normal, 0-1.390) and 0.075 (normal, 0-0.023), respectively. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral whole blood samples collected from the patient and his family. All exons of ABCD1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. Amplified PCR products were sequenced using the same primer pairs according to the manufacturer's instructions. We identified a missense mutation (p.Arg163Leu) in the ABCD1 gene of the proband caused by the nucleotide change 488G>T in exon 1. His asymptomatic mother carried the same mutation. We have reported an unpublished mutation in the ABCD1 gene in a patient with X-ALD, who showed increased ratio of C24:0/C22:0 and C26:0/C22:0, despite a normal VLCFA concentrations.
Adrenal Cortex ; Adrenal Insufficiency ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Adrenoleukodystrophy* ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Complement System Proteins ; DNA ; Exons ; Fasting ; Fatty Acids ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mothers ; Mutation, Missense ; Pediatrics ; Peroxisomal Disorders ; Plasma ; Polymerase Chain Reaction