No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Prostate* ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate* ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction

PURPOSE: Prostate volume has been known to be poorly correlated with other parameters used to assess benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH), including symptom score, peak flow rate(Qmax), amount of postvoid residuals(PVR). The purpose of this study was to determine if measurement of the transition zone index(TZI) of the prostate correlated well with other clinical parameters in predicting the degrees of obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We prospectively evaluated 86 men with symptomatic BPH(mean age: 65.4 years) according to symptoms, Qmax, PVR, transrectal ultrasound volume of the entire prostate and the transition zone. TZI was determined as the ratio between transition zone volume(TZV) and total prostate 1 volume(TV). RESULTS: Age correlated with symptoms(r=0.29, p=0.006) and PVR(r=0.466, p=0.001); Qmax negatively correlated with age(r=-0.487, p=0.001), symptoms 1 (r=-0.28, p=0.007) and PVR(r=-0.36, p=0.001). Age also correlated with TV(r=0.4, p=0.001), TZV(r=0.435, p=0.001) and, TZI(r=0.36, p=0.001). There was a weak correlations between TV and symptom r=0.23), Qmax(r=0.28), and PVR(r=0.24); a stronger correlation were noted between TZ and symptoms(r=0.33), Qmax(r=-0.35) or PVR(r=0.28). There were significant correlation between TZI and symptoms(r=0.35), Qmax(r=-0.38) or PVR(r=0.30). Age, PVR, 721, and TZV were significantly greater and Qmax were significantly lower in severe (IPSS > or = 20, N=38) symptom group than in moderate(IPSS < or = 19, N=48) one. (p < or = 0.01). On the other hand, the age, PVR, symptom score, TZI, and TZV in low Qmax( < or = 10ml/sec) group were significantly greater than in high Qmax ( > or = 15m1/sec) group. No significant differences of TV were noted either between moderate and severe symptom group or low and high Qmax group. CONCLUSIONS: Transition zone volume or index are parameters that correlates significantly with evaluated parameters of BPH and may serve as a useful method for evaluating obstruction. Studies are underway to determine if transition zone index can be used prospectively to predict and correlate response with therapies designed to ablate prostatic tissue medically or surgically.
Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Ultrasonography

To analyze the correlation between biological phenotypes of HIV-1 isolates and disease progression, we selected 9 long-term non-progressors (LTNP) and 12 rapid progressors (RP) from HIV-1 infected Korean. We isolated HIV-1 isolates by culture of PBMC of LTNP and RP with normal PBMC and measured HIV-1 p24 antigen production. The HIV-1 isolation rate from LTNP was 55.6% (5/9). And 4 HIV-1 LTNP isolates were non-syncytium inducing (NSI) phenotype and showed slow/low replication. The HIV-1 isolation rate from RP was 91.7% (l1/12) which was higher than that from LTNP. Besides 3 RP HIV-1 isolates which showed syncytium inducing (SI) phenotype, 8 RP HIV-1 isolates showed NSI phenotype in normal PBMC and MT-2 cell line. All RP HIV-1 isolates replicated more rapidly than LTNP HIV-1 isolates. Comparing the replication kinetics and syncytium forming capacity of HIV-1 isolates from LTNP and RP, we suggest that the difference of biological phenotype of HIV-1 isolates could be related with disease progression of HIV-1 infected persons.
Cell Line ; Disease Progression ; Giant Cells ; HIV-1* ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Korea* ; Phenotype

No abstract available.
Amino Acid Sequence* ; HIV* ; Phenotype*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Mice* ; T-Lymphocytes*

Endometriosis at the site of episiotomy scar following vaginal delivery is rare condition among the extrapelvic endometriosis implantation. We have experienced a case of episiotomy scar endometriosis. The precise anatomical location of the endometriotic lesion is confirmed using preoperative anal endosonogarphy. We believe anal endosonography to be essential when history, digital examination, and proctoscopy are not conclusive in the differential diagnosis of perianal pain or mass. The treatment of choice is complete surgical excision of the lesion and the surgical excision usually obtain permanent cure. We report a case of endometriosis at the site of episiotomy scar.
Cicatrix* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endometriosis* ; Endosonography ; Episiotomy* ; Female ; Proctoscopy

PURPOSE: Combined chemoradiotherapy is standard management for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC), but standard treatment for elderly patients with LA-NSCLC has not been confirmed yet. We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for elderly patients with LA-NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among patients older than 65 years with LA-NSCLC, 36 patients, who underwent CCRT were retrospectively analyzed. Chemotherapy was administered 3-5 times with 4 weeks interval during radiotherapy. Thoracic radiotherapy was delivered to the primary mass and regional lymph nodes. Total dose of 54-59.4 Gy (median, 59.4 Gy) in daily 1.8 Gy fractions and 5 fractions per week. RESULTS: Regarding the response to treatment, complete response, partial response, and no response were shown in 16.7%, 66.7%, and 13.9%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates were 58.2% and 31.2%, respectively, and the median survival was 15 months. The 1- and 2-year progression-free survivals (PFS) were 41.2% and 19.5%, respectively, and the median PFS was 10 months. Regarding to the toxicity developed after CCRT, pneumonitis and esophagitis with grade 3 or higher were observed in 13.9% (5 patients) and 11.1% (4 patients), respectively. Treatment-related death was not observed. CONCLUSION: The treatment-related toxicity as esophagitis and pneumonitis were noticeably lower when was compared with the previously reported results, and the survival rate was higher than radiotherapy alone. The results indicate that CCRT is an effective in terms of survival and treatment related toxicity for elderly patients over 65 years old with LA-NSCLC.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Esophagitis ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Pneumonia ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the predictive factors for prostate cancer in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels equal to or less than 4 ng/ml. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of medical records was conducted on 292 patients with initial serum PSA < or =4 ng/ml among 2,305 patients who underwent prostate biopsy from January 2003 to December 2008. Prostate biopsy was performed on patients with PSA < or =4 ng/ml in the case of abnormal findings in the digital rectal examination (DRE) or transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) or in those with a PSA level higher than the age-adjusted PSA levels. The patients were divided into the group diagnosed with prostate cancer and the non-prostate-cancer group. Subsequently, the variables of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was significantly higher in the prostate cancer group (n=28) than in the non-prostate-cancer group (n=264; p=0.033). In addition, for the patients with a PSA range of 2.0-2.9 ng/ml, their age (p=0.049) and PSA density (PSAD; p=0.042) were significantly higher and the prostate volume (p=0.028) was significantly smaller in the prostate cancer group than in the non-prostate-cancer group. CONCLUSIONS: Of the patients with PSA < or =4 ng/ml, the age of the patients who showed abnormal findings in the DRE or TRUS or who had a PSA level higher than the age-adjusted PSA level was a significant predictive factor for prostate cancer. In particular, for the PSA range of 2.0-2.9 ng/ml, a thorough screening test for prostate cancer was required if the patients had conditions such as higher age, smaller prostate, and higher PSAD.
Biopsy ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Medical Records ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: It has been well known that 70-80% of men with prostatism actually manifest bladder outlet obstruction(BOO) and the rest have detrusor underactivity(DU) or other abnormalities. Accordingly, the treatment of BPH by the results of symptom score, or uroflow may be partly incorrect. It is also well known that the pressure-flow study is the gold-standard to define the presence and degree of BOO. Therefore, we investigated pressure-flow study to identify non-obstructed, underactive detrusor function among the patients presented with prostatism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 96 patients older than 50 years (mean 69.6+/-5.8) with prostatism. All patients were assessed by history taking, symptom score, digital rectal examination, uroflowmetry and pressure-flow study. Patients were divided into irritative and obstructive symptom groups according to their chief complaints. Urodynamic parameters between those two groups were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: Of the total 96 patients, detrusor instability was noted in 45(47%) at the filling cystometry. Of the 53 patients presented with irritative symptoms, 33 showed detrusor instability(62%); Of the 43 patients mainly presented with obstructive symptoms, only 12(28%) showed detrusor instability. Statistically significant correlation was found between irritative symptoms and detrusor instability as well as obstructed symptoms and BOO. In the total patients, BOO was found in 49(51%) and detrusor underactivity(DU) was found in 36(37%) with equivocal cases in 11(12%). Of the 43 patients mainly presented with obstructive symptoms, BOO and DU was found in 23(53%) and 13(30%) respectively. Of the 53 patients presented with irritative symptoms, BOO and DU was found in 26(49%) and 23(43%) respectively. There were no significant differences between irritative and obstructive symptom group as well as BOO and DU group in the clinical parameters as determined by symptom score, prostate size, and uroflowmetry. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, significant proportion(37%) of the whole patient population was classified as detrusor underactivity as diagnosed by urodynamics to which treatment for BPH may not be as effective as for those manifested with BOO. It is suggested that pressure-flow study is to be considered to patients with prostatism who didn`t show any symptomatic improvement despite the treatment for BPH.
Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Male ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Prostatism* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urodynamics

Methanol and/or boiling water extraction of 201 natural products and subsequent MTT assay using MT-4 cell line was carried out to screen the anti-HIV-1 activity. Among 97 methanol extracts, 7 extracts from Chrysanthemi Indicium Flos, Magnoliae Cortex Machili Cortex, Reynoutriae Rhizoma, Lithospermi Radix Agastachis Herba, and Chaenomelis Fructus showed anti-HIV-1 activity and their SI value were 2.25 to 5.77. In addition, among 119 boiling water extracts, 10 extracts from Lonicerae Caulis et Foloium, Elsholtziae Herba, Leonuri Herba, Portulacae Herba, Schizonepetae Herba, Curcumae Rhizoma, Amomi Cardamomi Fructus, Cirsii Radix et Herba, Carpesii Herba, and Siegesbeckiae Herba showed anti-HIV-1 activity and their SI value were 1.30 to 7.64. Methanol extracts of above seven natural products were fractionated and the anti-HRs_1 activity of each fraction was examined. Extraction was carried out with hexane, chloroform, butanol, and water to trace active anti-HIV-1 componets. As a result, the water fraction of Magnoliae Cortex, Machili Cortex, Reynoutriae Rhizoma, Agastachis Herba, Chaenomelis Fructus and the butanol fraction of Chrysanthemi Indicium Flos, Reynoutriae Rhizoma showed anti-HIV-1 activity and their SI value were 1.40 to 8.02. We could reach a conclusion that studies to trace the anti-HIV-1 active component of each natural products in further Sractionation and to identify its structure by Infrared spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography were needed.
Biological Products ; Cell Line ; Chloroform ; Chromatography, Gel ; Curcuma ; Lamiaceae ; Lithospermum ; Lonicera ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Magnolia ; Mass Screening* ; Methanol ; Portulaca ; Spectrum Analysis ; Water