No abstract available.

The Kallmanns syndrome is the most common form of isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in which anosmia or hyposmia resulting from agenesis of hypoplasia of the olfactory lobes is associated with LHRH deficiency, This syndrome is genetically heterogeneous and can be trans-mitted as an X-linked, autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive trait. The hypogonadotropic hypogonadism results in absent or incomplete pubertal development and may be associated with anosmia or hyposmia, mid-line defect(color blindness, cleft-lip or
Blindness ; Cryptorchidism ; Epiphyses ; Femur Neck ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Growth Plate ; Head ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Kallmann Syndrome ; Male ; Olfaction Disorders ; Olfactory Cortex ; Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses

Purpose: We performed three-dimensional (3D) dose reconstruction-based pretreatment verification to evaluate gamma analysis acceptance criteria in volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Pretreatment verification for 28 VMAT plans for prostate cancer was performed using the COMPASS system with a dolphin detector. The 3D reconstructed dose distribution of the treatment planning system calculation (TC) was compared with that of COMPASS independent calculation (CC) and COMPASS reconstruction from the dolphin detector measurement (CR). Gamma results (gamma failure rate and average gamma value [GFR and γAvg]) and dose-volume histogram (DVH) deviations, 98%, 2% and mean dose-volume difference (DD98%, DD2% and DDmean), were evaluated. Gamma analyses were performed with two acceptance criteria, 2%/2 mm and 3%/3 mm. Results: The GFR in 2%/2 mm criteria were less than 8%, and those in 3%/3 mm criteria were less than 1% for all structures in comparisons between TC, CC, and CR. In the comparison between TC and CR, GFR and γAvg in 2%/2 mm criteria were significantly higher than those in 3%/3 mm criteria. The DVH deviations were within 2%, except for DDmean (%) for rectum and bladder. Conclusions The 3%/3 mm criteria were not strict enough to identify any discrepancies between planned and measured doses, and DVH deviations were less than 2% in most parameters. Therefore, gamma criteria of 2%/2 mm and DVH related parameters could be a useful tool for pretreatment verification for VMAT in prostate cancer.

We report a 77-year-old woman with bilateral pons infarction who presented with severe trismus, which was responsive to botulinum toxin-A injection. She was unable to open her mouth and showed anterior displacement of her temporo-mandibular (TM) joint on MRI findings. She was fed via nasogastric tube because of mouth opening limitation. There was no improvement of her mouth opening after range of motion exercise. She underwent closed reduction of the TM joints under general anesthesia but there was no significant improvement. Electromyography studies revealed continuous muscle activities on masseter and temporalis muscles during mouth opening. Botulinum toxin-A (Botox(R)) was injected into both the masseter and left temporalis muscles under ultrasonographic guidance. There was some improvement in mouth opening at post-injection 5 days. The inter-incisal distance improved gradually, and she could start oral feeding after 18 days. She could maintain an inter-incisal distance of 1.8 cm with favorable response during post-injection 4 months.
Aged ; Anesthesia, General ; Botulinum Toxins ; Displacement (Psychology) ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Infarction ; Joints ; Mouth ; Muscles ; Pons ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Trismus

Even a single brain infarct can cause dementia when it occurs in functionally critical areas of the brain. A 71- year-old female developed sudden cognitive impairment without any other focal neurologic deficits. A brain MRI revealed a bilateral anterior fornix infarction. Neuropsychological evaluation revealed verbal and visual memory deficits, visuospatial dysfunction, and frontal executive dysfunction. The cognitive impairment did not improve for 3 months and the patient showed impairments in daily activities. We report a patient who demonstrated strategic infarct dementia after a bilateral anterior fornix infarction.
Brain ; Dementia* ; Dementia, Vascular ; Female ; Fornix, Brain ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory Disorders ; Neurologic Manifestations

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical usefulness of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of mild and very mild carpal tunnel syndrome. METHOD: Ultrasonographic evaluation was performed in 39 hands of 29 patients with mild and very mild carpal tunnel syndrome according to Bland's neurophysiologic grading scale. Controls included 41 hands of 34 subjects without electrophysiologic evidence of carpal tunnel syndrome. Ultrasonographic findings were evaluated quantitatively with regard to the cross-sectional area, the flattening ratio, the swelling ratio of the median nerve, and palmar displacement of the flexor retinaculum. The analysis of differences between controls and patients group were done by independent t-test. Cut-off values using receiver operation characteristic, were calculated. RESULTS: Patients had significantly increased cross sectional area and flattening ratio of the median nerve at proximal carpal area, palmar displacement of the flexor retinaculum at proximal carpal area. A critical value of equal or higher to 8.5 mm(2) for cross-sectional area at the pisiform level showed a sensitivity 79.5%, a specificity of 95.1%, which had most diagnostic value compared with the value of cross-sectional area at the distal radius level, flattening ratio at the pisiform level and palmar displacement. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography was useful in the diagnosis of mild and very mild carpal tunnel syndrome.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Displacement (Psychology) ; Hand ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; Radius ; Sensitivity and Specificity

In this study, the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA in the needle biopsied paraffin embedded liver tissues of chronic hepatitis B patients by rapid nested PCR was examined. DNA was extracted by NaOH with boiling, and amplified by rapid air thermocycler with glass capillary tubes and nested PCR with two primer sets specific for the surface and the core genes of HBV. The PCR results were compared to that of serum HBeAg, serum HBV DNA by dot blot hybridization with a radioactive DNA probe, and tissue immunohistochemical (HBsAg/ HBcAg) studies. Among 44 patients with chronic hepatitis with serum HBsAg positivity, HBV DNA could be detected by PCR in 43 liver tissues (98%). This results were comparable to the positive rates of 94%(31/33) for serum HBV DNA, 80%(35/44) for serum HBeAg, and 59%(26/44) and 75%(33/44) for tissue HBsAg and HBcAg, respectively. The accordance rate between tissue PCR and serum DNA probe testing was 91%. The results indicate that HBV DNA detection by rapid nested PCR of paraffin embedded liver tissues by needle biopsy is a more sensitive method to detect the HBV DNA carrier than the serum HBeAg or tissue HBsAg/HBcAg status, and is well correlated with the result of serum HBV DNA probe testing. Therefore this method is a practical indicator for the diagnosis and replication status in retrospective analysis.
Biopsy

BACKGROUND: Extended-spectrum cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are important antimicrobials for treating invasive salmonellosis, and emerging resistance to these antimicrobials is of paramount concern. METHODS: A total of 30 Salmonella spp. clinical isolates recovered in Gyeongsangbuk-do from 2012 to 2013 were characterized using antibiotic resistance profiles and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS: A high prevalence of multidrug-resistant isolates, mainly showing an ampicillin, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol resistance pattern, was observed. Four extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates (3 CTX-M-15 isolates and 1 CTX-M-27 isolate) were found. The bla(CTX-M-27) gene was carried by an IncF conjugative plasmid in the S. Infantis isolate. The bla(CTX-M-15) gene were carried by an IncF (2 isolates) or IncHI2 (1 isolate) conjugative plasmid in S. Enteritidis. In addition, a single mutation of GyrA, Ser83Thr (1 isolates), Asp87Tyr (9 isolates), Asp87Gly (4 isolates), and Asp87Leu (3 isolates), was detected in nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella spp. isolates. XbaI PFGE analysis of all isolates revealed more than 19 different pulsotypes. The most common S. Enteritidis PFGE pattern (SEGX01.003) was associated with a larger number of cases of invasive salmonellosis than all other patterns. CONCLUSION: The information from our study can assist in source attribution, outbreak investigations, and tailoring of interventions to maximize disease prevention.
Ampicillin ; beta-Lactamases ; Cephalosporins ; Chloramphenicol Resistance ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Fluoroquinolones ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Nalidixic Acid ; Plasmids ; Prevalence ; Salmonella Infections ; Salmonella*

Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is strongly associated with duodenal and gastric ulcers. Substantial epidemiological data has revealed that high rates of H. pylori infection might be related to high rates of gastric cancer and gastric adenocarcinoma. In this study, a medicinal herbal plant, Cinnamomum cassia, was examined and screened for anti-H. pylori activity. Seventy percent ethanol was used for herbal extraction. For anti-H. pylori activity screening, inhibitory zone tests as an in vitro assay and in vivo study using a Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) model were performed. Also, the safety of herbal compounds was evaluated by animal study. As a result of inhibitory zone test, Cinnamomum cassia extract demonstrated strong anti-H. pylori activities. Also, as results of in vivo animal studies, Cinnamomum cassia demonstrated strong therapeutic effects against H. pylori infection according to the criteria of histological examination and rapid urease test. As results of the safety study, after 28 days treatment of the Cinnamomum cassia extract, the animals were not detected any grossly and histological changes. These results demonstrate that it can be successfully cured against H. pylori infection and protected from H. pylori-induced pathology with Cinnamomum cassia. It could be a promising native herb treatment for patients with gastric complaints including gastric ulcer caused by H. pylori.
Adenocarcinoma ; Animals ; Cinnamomum ; Cinnamomum aromaticum ; Ethanol ; Gerbillinae ; Helicobacter ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Plants ; Plants, Medicinal ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Stomach Ulcer ; Urease

BACKGROUND: The dot-like hippocampal signal intensity in diffusion-weighted MR images is well-known as a characteristic imaging feature in transient global amnesia, a neurological syndrome in which sudden forward-and-backward memory loss occurs that is slowly recovered within 24 hours. We here report on patients with this dot-like hippocampal hyperintensity who did not present with anterograde amnesia except for headaches. CASE REPORT: Two women without a specific medical history presented with sudden-onset headaches on the same day. Neither had any trauma or infection history before the symptom or any sudden emotional or postural changes. Brain MRI showed tiny hippocampal high signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images (DWI). CONCLUSIONS: Dot-like hippocampal lesions seen on DWI may be present without memory impairment, and more studies are needed to determine whether there is any association with headache as in this case.
Amnesia, Anterograde ; Amnesia, Transient Global* ; Brain ; Diffusion* ; Female ; Headache* ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory ; Memory Disorders