All authors would like to withdraw the article because they have found a mistake in selecting subjects for this study.

The gray vibrissae of Korean males(n =189) between 15 and 75 years old and females(n =111) between-15 and 74 years old who visited the department of otorhinolaryngology, Konkuk university Chungju hospital during 1996 to 1998, were counted for the purpose of estimating approximate age range in individuals of unknown age . The lowest age appearing gray hairs in both sexes was 15-year-old. The Pearson's correlation coefficient in both sexes was 0.490 (p<0.01). The age appearing gray vibrissae in females was slightly earlier than that of males, however, the differences between right and left sides of nasal cavity were insignificant. This method of counting gray vibrissae would be useful to estimate age range in personal identification together with other methods available until now.
Adolescent ; Aged ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Female ; Hair* ; Humans ; Male ; Nasal Cavity ; Otolaryngology ; Vibrissae*

No abstract available.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Neoplastic Stem Cells

Objective: To investigate the histopathological characteristics of patients with lupus nephritis in the 2018 revised International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) classification and assess the prognostic factors. Methods: This study enrolled 92 patients with lupus nephritis, who had conventional treatment and renal biopsy. Each renal tissue was evaluated according to 2018 ISN/RPS classification, and quantified apoptotic regulator protein, the B-cell lymphoma-2 protein (Bcl-2), expressions in selected lymphocyte subsets were measured using novel computational approaches using multicolor confocal images. Histopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were compared. Follow-up data were obtained, and survival analysis was conducted. Results: During follow-up period (average: 74.3 months), 16 and 18 patients progressed ESRD and CKD, respectively. Multivariable analysis of age, sex, disease activity and pathological features in ISN/RPS demonstrated the extent of interstitial inflammation (grade 0~3) was significantly associated with both ESRD and CKD. When interstitial inflammation was divided into mild (grade 0, 1) and severe (grade 2, 3), Cox regression analysis showed that patients with severe interstitial inflammation were significantly increased risk of both ESRD and CKD (hazard ratio: 4.67 and 3.8, respectively). Bcl-2 expression in CD4+ and CD20 cells was significantly higher in the severe interstitial inflammation group compared to in mild interstitial inflammation patients (p=0.006 and 0.010, respectively). Conclusion The extent of interstitial inflammation can predict clinical renal outcomes. Significantly elevated Bcl-2 expression in both CD4+ and CD20 cells was found in severe interstitial inflammation compared with mild interstitial inflammation.

Thoracic paravertebral block is performed for the treatment of patients with chronic pain, such as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and post-herpetic neuralgia. Thoracic paravertebral block can result in iatrogenic pneumothorax. Because pneumothorax can develop into medical emergencies and needle aspiration or chest tube placement may be needed, early diagnosis is very important. Recently, thoracic ultrasonography has begun to be used to diagnose pneumothorax. In addition, ultrasound-guided aspiration can be an accurate and safe technique for treatment of pneumothorax, as the needle position can be followed in real time. We report a case of iatrogenic pneumothorax following thoracic paravertebral block for the treatment of chronic pain due to CRPS, treated successfully by ultrasound-guided aspiration.
Chest Tubes ; Chronic Pain ; Early Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Needles ; Neuralgia ; Pneumothorax

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to know whether silibinin has an anticancer effect on triple negative breast cancer xenograft model using MDA-MB-468 cells. METHODS: To establish the xenograft model, we injected the MDA-MB-468 cells into female Balb/c-nude mice. After establishing a xenograft model, oral silibinin was administered to the tested mice in the way of 200 mg/kg for 45 days. The difference of mean tumor volume between silibinin fed mice and control mice was analyzed. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation in MDA-MB-468 cells was analyzed by Western blotting. The expression of VEGF, COX-2, and MMP-9 genes in tumor tissue was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: In the xenograft model using MDA-MB-468 cells, we found that oral administration of silibinin significantly suppressed the tumor volume (silibinin treated mice vs. control mice; 230.3 +/- 61.6 mm3 vs. 435.7 +/- 93.5 mm3, P < 0.001). The phosphorylation of EGFR in MDA-MB-468 cells was inhibited by treatment with 50 microg/mL of silibinin. In real time-PCR analysis of tumor tissue obtained from sacrificed mice, the gene expression of MMP-9, VEGF, and COX-2 was 51.8%-80% smaller in silibinin group than that of control group and we can also verify the similar result using Western blotting analysis. CONCLUSION: We verified that silibinin had anticancer effect on xenograft model of MDA-MB-468 cells in the way of preventing the phosphorylation of EGFR and eventually suppressed the production of COX-2, VEGF, and MMP-9 expression. Finally, the tumor volume of xenograft models was decreased after administration of Silibinin.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Heterografts* ; Humans ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms ; Tumor Burden ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

PURPOSE: The axillary arch is an anomalous muscle that is not infrequently encountered during axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) of breast cancer patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate how often the axillary arch is found during SLNB and whether it affects the intraoperative sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification rate. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the correlation between the presence of the axillary arch and the SLN sampling failure rate during SLNB in 1,069 patients who underwent axillary SLNB for invasive breast cancer. RESULTS: Of 1,069 patients who underwent SLNB, 79 patients (7.4%) had the axillary arch present. The SLNB failure rate was high when the patient's body mass index was > or =25 (p=0.026), when a single SLN mapping technique was used (p=0.012), and when the axillary arch was present (p<0.001). These three factors were also found to be statistically significant by multivariate analysis, and of these three factors, presence of the axillary arch most significantly increased the SLNB failure rate (hazard ratio, 10.96; 95% confidence interval, 4.42-27.21; p<0.001). Additionally, if the axillary arch was present, the mean operative time of SLNB was 20.8 minutes, compared to 12.5 minutes when the axillary arch was not present (p<0.001). If the axillary arch was present, the SLN was often located in a high axillary region (67%) rather than in a general low axillary location. CONCLUSION: The axillary arch was found to be a significant factor affecting intraoperative SLN failure rate. It is necessary to keep in mind that carefully checking the high axillar region during SLNB in breast cancer patients with the axillary arch is important for reducing SLN sampling failure.
Body Mass Index ; Breast Neoplasms ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Multivariate Analysis ; Operative Time ; Retrospective Studies ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy*

No abstract available.
Breast

PURPOSE: H rthle cell neoplasm of the thyroid gland is a rare disease. The reported cases in Korea are not so many; thus, there has been a lack of common therapeutic and prognostic guidance. METHODS: The cases of 15 patients with a H rthle cell neoplasm of the thyroid gland, hospitalized at Seoul National University Hospital from Nov. 1981 to Feb. 1998, were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: There were 4 males and 11 females. The ages varied from 23 to 69 years old (mean: 46.3 years old). Among them, 13 had neck masses with a mean size of 3.3 cm (1.2-6.0 cm), and the mean duration of the symptom was 4 years (5 months-8 years). Of the other two, one had laryngeal discomfort for 2 months, and the other one was diagnosed through a fine needle aspiration follow-up. One of the 15 patients had hyperthyroidism whereas the others had euthyroidism. The thyroid scans for 10 of them showed cold nodules. The operations consisted of a unilateral lobectomy in 2 cases, a unilateral lobectomy and isth mectomy in 11 cases, a unilateral lobectomy, isthmectomy and contralateral partial lobectomy in 1 case, and a total thyroidectomy and neck lymph node dissection in the 1 case that was combined with a papillary carcinoma. Thirteen patients (86.7%) had a H rthle cell adenoma, and two of them (13.3%) had a H rthle cell carcinoma. The mean duration of follow-up was 33 months (range 1 month-12 years), and no recurrence or death occurred during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of H rthle cell neoplasms is higher in women and the sex ratio is 1:2.8. The incidence of H rthle cell carcinomas among H rthle cell neoplasms is 13.3% (2/15). We found no specific clinical features for differentiating a H rthle cell adenoma from a H rthle cell carcinoma and no factors for adequate operative methods and prognosis due to the rarity of the condition and the short duration of the follow-up. Because of the low incidence of H rthle cell neoplasms and our limited experience, not only co-research of centers but also pathologic research is needed.
Adenoma ; Aged ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lymph Node Excision ; Male ; Neck ; Prognosis ; Rare Diseases ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Sex Ratio ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroidectomy

The retroauricular flap has been known as a useful material for reconstruction of nose, auricle, and other facial area. A key point of success using a retroauricular flap in the reconstruction surgery is the preservation of feeding artery. This method also has advantages of co-transplantation of hair, a good color match for the face, and of not having to leave a conspicuous donor site. Two main blood vessels of retroauricular flap are posterior auricular and superior auricular artery. Although the former has been widely used, the retroauricular transposition flap using the latter is easier and time-saving than other techniques in the reconstruction of anterosuperior defect of auricle. Recently, we experienced a case of recurrent preauricular cyst, reconstructed with retroauricular transposition flap using superior auricular artery and report this case with literature review.
Arteries* ; Blood Vessels ; Hair ; Humans ; Nose ; Tissue Donors