No abstract available.
Female ; Humans

PURPOSE: The goals of this study were to estimate the prevalence and correlates of urinary incontinence in community-dwelling women over 50 years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in a typical farming village of Yu-Kok in the southern region of Korea. The community population had 719 women over 50 years old in Yu-Kok. The interviews using questionnaires regarding general characteristics, obstetric history, disease-related factors, and urinary symptoms including incontinence were undertaken. In addition, urinalysis, uroflowmetry, ultrasonography, and physical examination were performed. RESULTS: Of 719 female residents over 50 years old, 429 women were participated in our study. The response rate was 59.7%. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 65.0%(279/429) for the responders. The prevalence of urinary incontinence for each decade was 69.5%, 65.6%, 60.2% and 66.7% over 50 and up to 89 years of age, respectively. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 65.6%(172/262) in low or normal weight female (body mass index<25), and 70.2%(9/84) in overweight or obese group (body mass index > or =25). The prevalence of stress incontinence was higher in overweight or obese(29.8%) than low or normal weight group(20.0%)(p<0.05). Though number of delivery didn`t affect the prevalence of urinary incontinence, a good correlation was found between stress urinary incontinence and number of delivery. Of 258 women who suffered from stress urinary incontinence, 195(75.6%) also had cystocele, and 190(73.6%) complained of rectocele. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of female urinary incontinence in this study was relatively higher compared to other studies. Most of incontinent women didn`t recognize the incontinence as a pathological state and consequently, didn`t visit doctor. Such behavior suggests that they need more information and more education toward urinary incontinence. Also, health care providers should pay more close attention for patient who are suffering from urinary incontinence.
Cystocele ; Education ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Female ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Korea ; Middle Aged* ; Overweight ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rectocele ; Ultrasonography ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Incontinence*

PURPOSE: We studied to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the domestic SDS-3000(R) extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor (SWL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between October 1995 and April 2000, 440 patients, 16 to 79 years old, were treated with the domestic SDS-3000(R) lithotriptor using C-arm fluoroscopy without regional or general anesthesia. Distribution of stones, location and size of stones, session, success rate, causes of failure and complications of SWL were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Of 440 patients, renal stones were 133 (30.2%) and ureteral stones 307 (69.8%). The overall success rate (stone free rate) of SDS-3000(R) lithotriptor in 440 patients was 89.8% (81.4%) with 94.9% (91.0%) in 5-9mm, 87.2% (75.8%) in 10-19mm, 66.7% (42.8%) in 20-29mm and 57.1% (35.7%) over 30mm of stone size. The success rate was 94.9% for stones between 5-9mm in diameters and 82.6% for stones more than 10mm (p<0.05). As compaired with success rate for stones less then 20mm, stones more then 20mm had significently higher success rate (92.1% Vs 62.8%) (p<0.05). Ureter stones were more successfully treated than renal stones (93.2% Vs 82.0%) (p<0.05). Main complications of SWL were renal colic in 10.0%, steinstrasse in 4.3%, transient gross hematuria in 1.8% and fever in 1.1%. All of complications were controlled with conservative treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The domestic SDS-3000(R) lithotriptor monotherapy is considered to be a safe and efficient outpatient procedure for the initial treatment of urinary stones.
Aged ; Anesthesia, General ; Fever ; Fluoroscopy ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Renal Colic ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock ; Ureter ; Urinary Calculi*

A male baby with intrauterine growth retardation had a short neck, small hands and feet, hypospadia, both grade I hydronephrosis, type II atrial septal defect, and moderate valvular pulmonary stenosis. The routine chromosome and banding analyses revealed a 46,XY,rec(8)del(8)(p21)dup(8) (q24.1)inv(8)(p21q24.1)pat chromosome constitution. His mother has normal chromosomes, but the father had 46,XY,inv(8)(p21q24.1). Also his uncle had an inv(8) chromosome constitution. We used lymphocytes and examined 40 mitotic cells. All mitotic cells showed deletion of 8p21-->pter and duplication of 8q24.1-->qter. Because 8p21 involves secretion of macrophage and lymphocyte against cancer cells, long-term follow-up for cancer will be needed.
Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Fathers ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Foot ; Hand ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Hypospadias ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Male ; Mothers ; Neck ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Trisomy

PURPOSE: To determine the factors that are related to local recurrence after Radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFTA) of hepatic tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected 30 patients with 51 hepatic nodules less than 5 cm in diameter (HCC, n=33; metastasis, n=18) who underwent RF thermal ablation between May 1999 and April 2000. Ablation was defined as 'complete'if immediately post-procedual CT showed that a nodule's margin was completely covered by ablation. Every three months, follow-up CT scans were examined for signs of local recurrence, and a nodule was assessed in terms of its size, the histologic diagnosis, adjacent vessels, perfect ablation (a safety margin of more than 5mm beyond the tumor margin), and whether hyperemia was observed after ablation. Finally, a group in which there was local recurrence (group A, n=15) and another showing no recurrence (group B, n=36) were compared. RESULTS: Mean nodule size in group A and group B was 3.26 and 2.24 cm, respectively. Local recurrence was noted in 7 of 33 HCC nodules (21.2%), and in 8 of 18 (44.4%) which were metastatic. There was recurrence in 9 of 31 nodules with adjacent vessels (29.0%), and in 6 of 20 (30%) without adjacent vessels. In two of 17 perfectly ablated nodules (11.8%) there was local recurrence, but this was observed in 13 of 34 imperfectly ablated nodules (38.2%). Finally, local recurrence was seen in 14 of 36 nodules showing hyperemia (38.9%) but in one of 15 (6.7%) without hyperemia. Using chi-square analysis, it was thus shown that with regard to local recurrence, tumor size, perfect ablation and peritumoral hyperemia were statistically significant factors (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Local recurrence after RF thermal ablation of hepatic tumors clearly increases in nodules which are larger. The degree to which ablation is perfect, and the presence of peritumoral hyperemia, may be factors related to the local recurrence observed after RFTA.
Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence* ; Tomography, Spiral Computed* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: The zygoma is a major portion of the midfacial contour. When deformity occurs in this area, a reduction should be conducted to correct it. If a sagittal fracture at the temporal root of the zygomatic arch occurs, this also requires reduction, but it is difficult to approach due to its anatomical location, and the possibility of fixation is also limited. Thus, the authors attempted the reduction of sagittal fracture by two- or three-point fixation and the Gillies approach without direct manipulation. The preoperative and postoperative results of the patients were evaluated. Follow-up was performed to establish a treatment guideline. METHODS: A retrospective study was done with 40 patients who had sagittal fractures at the temporal root of the zygomatic arch from March 2009 to June 2012. Only two- or three-point fixation was performed for the accompanying zygomatic-orbital-maxillary fracture. The Gillies approach was used for complex fractures of the zygomatic arch, while the temporal root of the zygomatic arch was only observed without reduction. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography and X-ray scans were performed to examine the results. RESULTS: The result of the paired t-test on preoperative and postoperative bone gap differences, the depression level, and the degree of temporal protrusion showed a marked decrease in the mean difference at a 95% confidence interval. The results were acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of sagittal fractures at the temporal root of the zygomatic arch, it is acceptable to use indirect reduction and non-fixation methods. This leads to a satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcome.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Depression ; Facial Asymmetry ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Zygoma ; Zygomatic Fractures

Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) device is an effective treatment for protruding maxilla in infants with cleft palate. However, only a few studies have investigated the effect of NAM devices on the treatment of protruding maxilla in infants with cleft lip only. We have designed a combination treatment using NAM devices prior to cheiloplasy for cleft lip-only patients with severe anterior protrusion of the premaxilla. Three cleft lip-only infants with 1-cm or more of premaxilla protrusion were included. Definitive cheiloplasty was performed at 6 months of age without any preoperative correction in infant 1. Cheiloplasty was performed in conjunction with the use of NAM device and lip adhesion in infants 2 and 3. Postoperative columella length and anterior-posterior dimension of the protruding premaxilla were compared amongst the infants. We were able to obtain satisfactory postoperative columella length and general nasal appearance.
Cleft Lip* ; Cleft Palate ; Fungi* ; Humans ; Infant ; Lip* ; Maxilla ; Orthodontic Appliances

BACKGROUND: Xanthelasma palpebrarum is the most common type of xanthoma. Due to its delicate location near the eye, treatment of xanthelasma palpebrarum is rather difficult. The treatment includes surgical excision, local treatment with chemicals, and various laser therapies. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to review the various therapeutic modalities and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bichloroacetic acid (BCA) for the treatment of xanthelasma palpebrarum. METHODS: Nine patients, with a total of 19 xanthelasma lesions, were treated with BCA. The efficacy and safety were assessed over a follow-up period of 6 to 24 months (average, 16 months). RESULTS: All lesions were grossly removed completely with a single treatment and the treatment was well-tolerated by patients. Erythema and oozing were observed in six patients but improved after two weeks' dressing. Xanthelasma palpebrarum recurred in three patients, but the mean size of the recurred lesions was smaller in comparison to the primary lesion. CONCLUSION: BCA is an effective and safe therapeutic modality for xanthelasma palpebrarum. Advantages include simplicity, cost-effectiveness, speed, safety and efficacy.
Bandages ; Dichloroacetic Acid* ; Erythema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Xanthomatosis

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance is a relatively rare malignant soft tissue tumor which is locally invasive and looks like a protruded hardened plaque composed of multiple nodules. It seldom occurs on the scalp and the occurrence rate is less than 5%. Nowadays there is a tendency to choose Mohs surgery as a primary treatment instead of a wide excision, because Mohs surgery can reduce cases of recurrence. We report a case of multiple dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans on the scalp of a 32-year-old man. We planned a delayed operation using tissue expanders. We inserted two skin expanders and successfully expanded scalp tissue more than 150% after 7 months. Mohs surgery was performed with a 4 cm distance from borderline of lesions and then the large scalp skin defect was covered by the expanded skin which had been prepared by tissue expanders. It has been 9 months since the operation was performed and there have been no signs of recurrence.
Adult ; Dermatofibrosarcoma* ; Humans ; Mohs Surgery* ; Recurrence ; Scalp* ; Skin ; Tissue Expansion Devices ; Tissue Expansion*

Retrobulbar hemorrhage, especially when associated with visual loss, is a rare but significant complication after facial bone reconstruction. In this article, two cases of retrobulbar hematoma after surgical repair of blow-out fracture are reported. In one patient, permanent loss of vision was involved, but with the other patient, we were able to prevent this by performing immediate decompression after definite diagnosis. We present our clinical experience with regard to the treatment process and method for prevention of retrobulbar hematoma using a scalp vein set tube and a negative pressure drainage system.
Decompression ; Drainage ; Facial Bones ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Orbit ; Orbital Fractures ; Retrobulbar Hemorrhage ; Scalp ; Veins ; Vision, Ocular