BACKGROUND: Several antibiotics can be used to treat ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB-VAP) including high-dose sulbactam. However, the effectiveness of high-dose sulbactam therapy is not well known. We report our experience with high-dose sulbactam for treatment of CRAB-VAP. METHODS: Medical records of patients with CRAB-VAP who were given high-dose sulbactam between May 2013 and June 2015 were reviewed. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients with CRAB-VAP were treated with high-dose sulbactam. The mean age was 72.0 ± 15.2 years, and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score was 15.1 ± 5.10 at the time of CRAB-VAP diagnosis. Early clinical improvement was observed in 65.5% of patients, and 30-day mortality was 29.3%. Early clinical failure (odds ratio [OR]: 8.720, confidence interval [CI]: 1.346-56.484; p = 0.023) and APACHE II score ≥ 14 at CRAB-VAP diagnosis (OR: 10.934, CI: 1.047-114.148; p = 0.046) were associated with 30-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS: High-dose sulbactam therapy may be effective for the treatment of CRAB-VAP. However, early clinical failure was observed in 35% of patients and was associated with poor outcome.
Acinetobacter baumannii* ; Acinetobacter* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; APACHE ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated* ; Sulbactam*

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the clinical efficacy of intravaginal misoprostol and that of intravenous sulprostone for termination of second-trimester pregnancy. METHODS: The patients were assigned to misoprostol and sulprostone group, and the misoprostol group was further divided into two groups according to gestational age. In the misoprostol group, the patients at or before 20 weeks of gestation received 400 microgram of intravaginal misoprostol every 4 hours until labor pain was established, 200 microgram every 6 hours after 20 weeks of gestation. In the sulprostone group, intravenous sulprostone was infused at the speed of 100 microgram/hr after cervical ripening with 3 mg of intravaginal dinoprostone. RESULTS: At or before 20 weeks of gestation, the median time from induction to completion of termination was longer, but the success rate within 24 hours was less in the misoprostol group than in the sulprostone group (18.75 vs. 7.15 hours, p=0.015; 50% vs 92%, p=0.014, respectively). After 20 weeks, there was no significant difference in median induction time or success rate within 24 hours (5.54 vs. 8.0 hours, p>0.05; 100% vs. 100%, p>0.05, respectively). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of complication or change of hemoglobin after termination between two groups. CONCLUSION: Sulprostone may be more effective for termination of pregnancy at or before 20 weeks of gestation and misoprostol may be as effective as sulprostone after 20 weeks of gestation. But considering less cost and complication, the efficacy of misoprostol should be further investigated for termination of second- trimester pregnancy.
Cervical Ripening ; Dinoprostone ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Labor Pain ; Misoprostol* ; Pregnancy* ; Prevalence

The most common cause of esophagorespiratory fistulas (ERFs) is associated with malignancy. The use of self-expandable metal stents is effective for the treatment of malignant ERFs, but benign ERF is rare, which is why its optimal treatment is not defined yet. There have been few reports describing benign esophagopleural fistula and its treatments in South Korea. Here, we report a rare case of spontaneous esophagopleural fistula, which was successfully treated by endoscopic placement of a membrane covered metal stent.
Fistula ; Membranes ; Republic of Korea ; Stents

Duodenal leiomyomas are rare benign tumors of mesenchymal origin. Generally, Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET would have a negative finding in leiomyomas. A 52-year-old man was referred to our hospital with melena. Gastroendoscopy revealed the presence of a huge submucosal tumor with ulceration at the duodenum bulb. Subsequent CT demonstrated a poorly enhanced oval mass adjoining the duodenal bulb. FDG-PET scan demonstrated an excessive accumulation of FDG in the lesion. A definitive diagnosis of duodenal leiomyoma was made on the basis of the pathologic finding of his surgical specimen. We report in this first case that duodenal leiomyma may show a potential pitfall of giving a positive FDG-PET result. Through this case, we would like to caution clinicians against PET-dependent evaluations of malignant potential of duodenal submucosal tumors.
Duodenum ; False Positive Reactions ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; Melena ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Ulcer

Gastroduodenal fistula or double pylorus is a very rare condition. It is a fistulous communication between gastric antrum and duodenal bulb. It can be either congenital or acquired. In most cases it is thought to be a complication of gastric ulcer. We recently experienced a case of gastroduodenal fistula in 70 year-old man presenting as epigastric pain. He was diagnosed with non ST elevation myocardial infarction previously, and was taking aspirin. Gastroduodenal communication was revealed by endoscopy. We report a case of gastroduodenal fistula that developed in man who was taking aspirin, with review of the literature.
Aspirin ; Endoscopy ; Fistula ; Myocardial Infarction ; Pyloric Antrum ; Pylorus ; Stomach Ulcer

Mantle cell lymphoma has a broad spectrum of endoscopic presentations, such as thick, rigid folds that are indispensible on air insufflation, superficial confluent ulceration, or a polypoidal mass protruding into the lumen. The exact diagnosis is difficult to make because the lesion is in the submucosal layer and inaccessible by biopsy. Lesions will often exfoliate necrotic cells which make interpretation difficult, or they may be too small in number and size and thus indistinguishable from anaplastic carcinoma. We report a case of mantle cell lymphoma with diffuse wall thickening of the whole stomach in a 51-year-old man. The series of endoscopic findings in this case support the role of differential diagnosis of linitis plasica type of advanced gastric cancer with mantle cell lymphoma.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Insufflation ; Linitis Plastica ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; Middle Aged ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Ulcer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The rate of diagnosis of gastric adenoma has increased because esophagogastroduodenoscopy is being performed at an increasingly greater frequency. However, there are no treatment guidelines for low-grade dysplasia (LGD). To determine the appropriate treatment for LGD, we evaluated the risk factors associated with the categorical upgrade from LGD to high grade dysplasia (HGD)/early gastric cancer (EGC) and the risk factors for recurrence after endoscopic treatment. METHODS: We compared the complication rates, recurrence rates, and remnant lesions in 196 and 56 patients treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), respectively, by histologically confi rming low-grade gastric epithelial dysplasia. RESULTS: The en bloc resection rate was significantly lower in the EMR group (31.1%) compared with the ESD group (75.0%) (p<0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in the prevalence of remnant lesions or recurrence rate (p=0.911) of gastric adenoma. The progression of LGD to HGD or EGC caused an increase in the incidence of tumor lesions >1 cm with surface redness and depressions. CONCLUSIONS: For the treatment of LGD, EMR resulted in a higher incidence of uncertain resection margins and a lower en bloc resection rate than ESD. However, there was no signifi cant difference in recurrence rate.
Adenoma ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prevalence ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms

The clinical outcome of early gastric cancer (EGC) has gradually been improving, and the 5-year survival rate for patients with EGC has been reported to exceed 85% in most studies. However, in some rare cases, EGC is associated with distant metastasis. Bone metastases from stomach cancer are usually osteolytic lesions. Although there have been a few reports of EGC with bone marrow metastasis, cases of triple EGC with bone marrow metastasis are rare. We report a 50-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with triple EGC with bone marrow metastasis. This case can be considered to be rare because the patient had no spread of the disease to other organs.
Bone Marrow ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survival Rate

The most frequent ectopic locations of endometriosis include, in descending order of frequency, the ovaries, uterine ligaments, the rectovaginal septum, and peritoneum covering the pelvic organs, that is, uterus, fallopian tubes, rectum, sigmoid colon, and bladder. Endometriosis at the site of episiotomy scar and abdominal scar following cesarean section are very rare conditions among the extrapelvic endometriosis. We have experienced two cases of endometriosis. One occurred from episiotomy scar and the other occurred from abdominal scar following cesarean section. The diagnosis of scar endometriosis is suggested if the symptoms are cyclic or in association with the patient's menstrual cycle. We can use ultrasonography, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging to differentiate from other tumors. Surgical excision is the method of choice for diagnosis and treatment. We report the two cases with review of rare extrapelvic endometriosis.
Cesarean Section* ; Cicatrix* ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Diagnosis ; Endometriosis* ; Episiotomy* ; Fallopian Tubes ; Female ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Menstrual Cycle ; Ovary ; Peritoneum ; Pregnancy ; Rectum ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder ; Uterus

No abstract available.
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors* ; Stroke*