OBJECTIVES: The object of this study was to indentify characteristics of cardiovascular disease in the employed population in comparson with the non-employed group. METHODS: The study subjects were patients aged 20~65 from 3 university based hospital emergency centers and a structured questionnaire were used for comparing the characteristics of cardiovascular disease according to employment status. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between employment status and cardiovascular disease risk factors. RESULTS: Among the patients, 573 people were employed (482 males, 91 females) and 251 were non-employed (117 males, 134 females). Compared to the non-employed group, the employed group was distinctive in that it contained patients of younger age, had a male dominant gender distribution, and a higher proportion of smoking and drinking patients. The employed group was less likely to be previously-diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension, chronic renal failure, cardiovascular disease, or cerebrovascular disease. The employed group was generally more stressed out but there was no significant differences in sleeping time. Infarction was more frequent in the employed group, but hemorrhage was more frequent in the non-employed group. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis results, the odds ratio of drinking and stress was 1.89(95% CI: 1.25~2.86) and 2.68(95% CI: 1.80~3.99) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Infarction was more frequent in the employed group. Drinking and stress were also more frequent in the employed group. The results of this study don't necessarily mean that stress and drinking are more important than other risk factors but, it means stress and drinking control are more important in the employed group compared to the non-employed group.
Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Drinking ; Emergencies ; Employment ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infarction ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking

The purpose of this study was to develop a disability rating scale according to job classification using the Korean Academy of Medical Society (KAMS) guidelines. All jobs were categorized based on their level of physical activity and professional skills. The KAMS guidelines were used for the impairment rating. We modified the California Schedule for rating permanent disabilities. The differences were plotted to compare between the impairment rate and the job-adjusted disability rate. The KAMS job-adjusted disability rates were then compared to the McBride and workers' compensation rates. A total of 1,206 occupations were classified into 44 groups. The occupational disability indexes were rated on a scale of 1 to 7. The differences in the McBride disability rates varied inconsistently from 0% to 35%, while the differences in the KAMS disability rates were between 0% and 18%. The KAMS disability rates were slightly higher than the McBride disability rates for the upper extremities, but were lower for the lower extremities and internal organs. This is the first Korean job-adjusted disability rating method. There are several limitations, but its impairment rating is more scientific and reflects the current Korean occupational environment.
Academies and Institutes ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; *Disability Evaluation ; Humans ; Occupations/statistics & numerical data ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Program Development ; Republic of Korea ; Severity of Illness Index ; Workers' Compensation/statistics & numerical data

PURPOSE: Congenital chloride diarrhea(CLD) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by life-long watery diarrhea of prenatal onset with high fecal Cl concentration. Recent studies have revealed that the protein product of the down-regulated in adenoma(DRA) gene is an intestinal anion transporter molecule and causes CLD when mutatec4: We investigated the clinical characteristics of CLD in Korean infants in order to increase awareness of this disease, which might be simply overlooked as chronic diarrhea. METHODS: Medical records of 5 infants admitted to the pediatric departments of Eulji Medical Center and Seoul National 1Jniversity Children's Hospital from April 1988 to January 1998 with the diagnosis of CLD were retrospectively reviewed. The criteria for inclusion in the study were based on a typical clinical picture and high fecal Cl RESULTS: There were 4 boys and 1 girl, 2 of them were siblings with no consanguinity in their parents. Their ages ranged from birth to l4 months. The mean gestational age was 36 weeks and the mean birth weight was 2.99kg. In all patients abdominal distension, jaundice and watery diarrhea with a history of maternal polyhydramnios were found, lack of meconium passage was also documented and fecal Cl levels were greater than 90mmol/L. Three patients who were diagnosed beyond neonatal period had retarded growth and delayed development and presented hypochloremic hypokalernic dehydration. Two of thern were in a state of metabolic alkalosis. CONCLUSION: CLD should be considered in infants presenting with intractable watery diarrhea, abdominal distension, prematurity and history of polyhydramnios. Full replacement of the fecal losses of electrolytes ancl water can correct hypoelectrolyternic dehydration and will abolish[all the secondary] disorders. In this study we can be aware that with early detection and appropriate therapy infants with CLI) will achieve adequate growth and development.
Alkalosis ; Birth Weight ; Consanguinity ; Dehydration ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea* ; Electrolytes ; Failure to Thrive ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Infant* ; Jaundice ; Meconium ; Medical Records ; Parents ; Parturition ; Polyhydramnios ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Siblings ; Water

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the time from the injection of muscle relaxants to the first spontaneous respiration between sugammadex and conventional reversal for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: This study was retrospectively conducted on patients who were diagnosed with gallbladder stone (N802) between January 2014 and April 2017. The data were collected from the electronic medical records of a total of 186 patients (84 patients in the neostigmine group and 102 patients in the sugammadex group). RESULTS: The time required for the first spontaneous respiration in the sugammadex group was shorter than that in the neostigmine group (3.6 min vs 4.9 min; p < 0.05). After the injection of intermediate muscle relaxants, the comparison of heart rate and mean arterial pressure in the sugammadex and neostigmine groups revealed that the heart rate in the neostigmine group was higher than in the sugammadex group after 5 min (p < 0.05). The mean arterial pressure in the neostigmine group was higher than in the sugammadex group after 10 min (p < 0.05). A significant adverse effect of tachycardia was observed in the neostigmine group (p < 0.05), but the frequency of rescue antiemetic in the sugammadex group was significantly higher than in the neostigmine group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study, the unwanted effect of neostigmine group was tachycardia; therefore, in the case of patients with hemodynamic instability, sugammadex is recommended. At 12 hours after the injection of sugammadex to patients, more antiemetics were required than in the neostigmine group; therefore, more research should be conducted on postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Antiemetics ; Arterial Pressure ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Electronic Health Records ; Gallbladder ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Neostigmine* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Respiration* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tachycardia