No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine effects of enneagram group counseling program on self-identification and depression in nursing college students. Three groups, categorized by how the students solve their conflicts, were selected to identify changes from the program. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group and pre posttest design was used. Participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=30) or control group (n=33). The experimental group participated in enneagram group counseling program for 38 hours through eight sessions covering four different topics. Collected data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS: Total self-identity score for the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups for depression scores. The Assertive and Compliant groups demonstrated significant change in self-identification while the Withdrawn groups did not reveal any change. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that the enneagram group counseling program is very effective in establishing positive self-identification for nursing college students who face developmental crisis and stressful situations. It is also expected that this program would be useful to enhance the students' confidence through a deeper understanding and acceptance of themselves.
Counseling ; *Depression ; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Program Evaluation ; *Self Concept ; Students, Nursing/psychology ; Universities ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Masticatory Muscles* ; Spasm* ; Tetanus*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of shear wave ultrasound elastography for differentiating superficial benign soft tissue masses through a comparison of their shear moduli. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 48 masses from 46 patients from February 2014 to May 2016. Surgical excision, fine-needle aspiration, and clinical findings were used for the differential diagnosis. The ultrasonographic examinations were conducted by a single musculoskeletal radiologist, and the ultrasonographic findings were reviewed by two other radiologists who were blinded to the final diagnosis. Conventional ultrasonographic features and the median shear modulus were evaluated. We compared the median shear moduli of epidermoid cysts, ganglion cysts, and lipomatous tumors using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Additionally, the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare two distinct groups. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the median shear moduli of epidermoid cysts, ganglion cysts, and lipomatous tumors (23.7, 5.8, and 9.2 kPa, respectively; P=0.019). Epidermoid cysts showed a greater median shear modulus than ganglion cysts (P=0.014) and lipomatous tumors (P=0.049). CONCLUSION: Shear wave elastography may contribute to the differential diagnosis of superficial benign soft tissue masses through a direct quantitative analysis.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Elastic Modulus ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques* ; Epidermal Cyst ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Lipoma ; Retrospective Studies ; Shear Strength ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to establish the normal values of tendon reflexes (T-reflex) in upper extremities of normal Korean adults. METHOD: T-reflex responses were recorded in 30 normal volunteers by delivering tendon taps with a hand operated electric reflex hammer. From 5 repeated trials of each subject, the shortest onset latency and duration, the largest peak to peak amplitude of compound muscle action potentials were chosen for representative values. RESULTS: 1) There was no significance in the side-to-side differences for all values. 2) Mean values of latency were 13.8+/-1.1 msec in males, 12.4+/-0.9 msec in females for biceps T-reflex and 13.0+/-1.1 msec in males, 11.3+/-1.0 msec in females for triceps T-reflex and there were significant differences between males and females. 3) Height and upper arm length showed a significant positive correlation with biceps and triceps T-reflex latency (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: We believe that our results can be used as a guideline researching the tendon reflexes in upper extremities.
Action Potentials ; Adult ; Arm ; Female ; Hand ; Healthy Volunteers* ; Humans ; Male ; Reference Values ; Reflex ; Reflex, Stretch* ; Tendons* ; Upper Extremity*

No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics ; Diabetes, Gestational/*etiology/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors

To know the difference in graft rejection after corneal transplantation between moist chamber and Optisol(Chiron Co. Irvine, CA, U.S.A.) as cornea preservation methods, we compared two groups involving 50 patients(71 eyes) who had undergone partially penetrating keratoplasty (PPKP) for the treatment of keratoconus or corneal dystrophy from 1991 to 1995. The graft rejection had occurred in 10 of 40 eyes(25%) in moist chamber group and 9 of 31 eyes(29%) in Optisol group, and the cases of permanent corneal opacity after rejection were 5 of 40 eyes(12.5%), 3 of 31 eyes(9.7%) respectively. No difference in the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). We found the fact that the difference did not exist in the results from graft rejection after PPKP using moist chamber method for short preservation period, or Optisol method for the relatively long period allowing serological and immunological screen test.
Cornea ; Corneal Opacity ; Corneal Transplantation ; Graft Rejection* ; Keratoconus ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Transplants*

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have revealed that the splicing factor neuro-oncological ventral antigen 1 (NOVA1) is enriched in fibroblasts and accumulated T cells of tertiary lymphoid structures. In the present study, we investigated NOVA1 expression in various subtypes of mature and immature T- and natural killer (NK)-cell lymphomas as well as in various B-cell lymphoma subtypes. METHODS: NOVA1 immunoexpression was evaluated in hyperplastic palatine tonsils (n = 20), T- and NK-cell lymphomas (n = 177), diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (n = 151), and other types of B cell lymphomas (n = 31). Nuclear staining intensity and percentage of positive tumor cells were graded. NOVA1 mRNA expression was analyzed in various lymphoma cell lines. RESULTS: Tumor cells of T- and NK-cell lymphomas showed higher expression levels of NOVA1 than did normal paracortical T cells, and 56.5% of T- and NK-cell lymphoma cases showed diffuse and strong expression. The NOVA1 expression level varied according to the subtype; it was higher in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), and T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-LBL), but it was lower in ALK-positive ALCL. In almost all B-cell lymphomas, NOVA1 expression was very low or negative. NOVA1 mRNA was also expressed in Jurkat, a T-LBL cell line. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that NOVA1 upregulation may be involved in certain subtypes of T- and NK-cell lymphomas, but not in B-cell lymphomas. Upregulated NOVA1 expression seems to be a specific biological feature of activated T cells such as T- and NK-cell lymphomas.
Cell Line ; Fibroblasts ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; Palatine Tonsil ; Phosphotransferases ; RNA, Messenger ; T-Lymphocytes ; Up-Regulation

The purpose of this study is to evaluate hard and soft tissue changes following the first four premolar extractions and anterior subapical osteotomy in bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion patients requiring maximal retraction of anterior segments. A sample of 20 adult female patients was selected. Surgical procedures were performed by the same surgeon, and modified segmental osteotomy and anterior subapical osteotomy techniques were employed on the maxilla and mandible respectively. Presurgical and post-surgical lateral cephalometric radiograms were traced and superimposed using the best-fit method and two reference planes. The results were as follows 1. The bodily movement of the maxillary anterior segment was achieved in a posterior direction. The mandibular anterior segment was moved posteriorly with a slight correction of the lower incisors. 2. The horizontal soft tissue measurements changed significantly after treatment, but Nt and Sn landmarks remained unchanged. The vertical soft tissue measurements indicated that Ls moved inferiorly and Li superiorly. 3. The correlation between hard and soft tissue changes indicated that deltaHId/deltaHLi, deltaHId/deltaLL-Eline, deltaHPt.B/deltaHILS, and deltaUI-FH/deltaNL were significant. 4. More lower lip relative to upper lip retraction was demonstrated in relation to Rickett's E-line. The ratio between upper incisor and upper lip displacement was 50%, and between the lower incisor and lower lip displacement was 60%. We conclude from the results that the anterior subapical osteotomy is an efficient treatment option for adult patients who have severe dentoalveolar protrusion and desire rapid results.
Adult ; Bicuspid ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Lip ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Osteotomy*

Hair neutralizer in home permanent cold wave kits contains a 2% to 10% potassium or sodium bromate, which is colorless, odorless and tasteless solution. Bromate salts are extremely toxic oxidants. The reported toxic effects of bromates poisoning are vomiting, diarrhea, depression of central nervous system, oliguric acute renal failure, sensorineural hearing loss, peripheral neuropathy and hemolytic anemia. Deafness seems to be almost permanent. In many cases, the recovery of renal function is not complete and some of them are transformed to chronic renal failure and maintained on hemodialysis. Since the serious side effects of deafness and acute renal filure usually occur within 4-16 h after ingestion, prompt removal of the bromate from blood by peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis, which are proven method of removal, should be performed immediately. Recently, we encountered a 37 year old female hairdresser who was admitted to St. Mary Hospital due to oligura, hearing loss and visual loss after ingestion of sodium bromate. The patient required regular hemodialysis therapy and no recovery of hearing and visual loss was evident up to 8 month follow up.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Adult ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; Bromates ; Central Nervous System ; Deafness ; Depression ; Diarrhea ; Eating ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hair ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Hearing* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Oxidants ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Poisoning* ; Potassium ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency* ; Salts ; Sodium* ; Vomiting