No abstract available.
Evoked Potentials, Visual* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Microbubbles*

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to find out what nurses wrote in narrative nursing notes. METHODS: Forty-six patients' nursing notes were analyzed based on the nursing process. Eight patterns were extracted depending on the different combinations of the nursing process components. RESULTS: Of the 8 patterns, assessment only pattern was the most frequent comprising 45.8% and assessment or diagnosis-intervention-outcome patterns accounted for 25.9% of the total nursing phrases. The content of nursing notes was also classified into 15 categories. Out of these 15 categories, nursing outcomes were recorded more frequently in nursing care mainly driven by doctor's order such as diseases related symptom management, insomnia care, respiratory care and pain control than in independent nursing care such as education and emotional care. According to the survey on nurses' attitude toward nursing record, nurses did not document nursing outcome as much as they reported they did. The main reasons for this discrepancy were insufficient time for recording and lack of knowledge about why, how and what to evaluate. CONCLUSION: Even though there is room for improvement, nursing notes can be used a source for nursing contribution to patient outcomes.
Education ; Humans ; Nursing Care ; Nursing Process* ; Nursing Records* ; Nursing* ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Thoracic Surgery*

No abstract available.
Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation*

No abstract available.
Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct equivalence of the five general factors (subjective health, eating habits, physical activities, sedentary lifestyle, and sleeping behaviors) and to compare the latent means between male and female middle school students in Incheon, Korea. METHODS: The 2008 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey data was used for analysis. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test whether the scale has configural, metric, and scalar invariance across gender. RESULTS: Configural invariance, metric invariance, and factor invariance were satisfied for latent means analysis (LMA) between genders. Male and female students were significantly different in LMA of all factors. Male students reported better subjective health, consumed more fast food and carbonated drinks, participated in more physical activities, showed less sedentary behavior, and enjoyed better quality of sleep than female students. CONCLUSION: Health providers should consider gender differences when they develop and deliver health promotion programs aimed at adolescents.
Adolescent ; Carbonated Beverages ; Eating ; Fast Foods ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Risk-Taking ; Sedentary Lifestyle ; Sex Characteristics

PURPOSE: Alterations in cerebral blood flow are very important for understanding the neurological consequences of all varieties of perinatal asphyxia. The purpose of this study is to measure the change of cerebral blood flow velocity and resistance index (RI) of middle cerebral artery (MCA) according to the time in asphyxiated infants. METHODS: We studied 7 asphyxiated term infant and 27 normal term infant who were born at Ewha Womans University Hospital from January 1996 to August 1997. Using the Doppler ultrasound, we examined blood flow velocity and RI of the middle cerebral artery. RESULTS: Clinical characteristics were not significantly different in both groups. Peak systolic flow velocity (PSFV) in asphyxiated infants significantly decreased than control (P<0.05). End diastolic flow velocity (EDFV) was not significantly different in both groups. RI in asphyxiated infants significantly decreased for 24 hours (P<0.05). No control infant ever had a RI value of 0.55 or below, three (42.9%) asphyxiated infants had a RI value of 0.55 or below. The changes of the systemic BP and heart rate were not significant. Two (28.6%) asphyxiated infants were proven periventricular white matter ischemia by ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: It is therefore very important to monitor RI in asphyxiated infants even if the degree of asphyxia is mild.
Asphyxia ; Blood Flow Velocity* ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infant* ; Ischemia ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Alterations in cerebral blood flow are very important for understanding the neurological consequences of all varieties of perinatal asphyxia. The purpose of this study is to measure the change of cerebral blood flow velocity and resistance index (RI) of middle cerebral artery (MCA) according to the time in asphyxiated infants. METHODS: We studied 7 asphyxiated term infant and 27 normal term infant who were born at Ewha Womans University Hospital from January 1996 to August 1997. Using the Doppler ultrasound, we examined blood flow velocity and RI of the middle cerebral artery. RESULTS: Clinical characteristics were not significantly different in both groups. Peak systolic flow velocity (PSFV) in asphyxiated infants significantly decreased than control (P<0.05). End diastolic flow velocity (EDFV) was not significantly different in both groups. RI in asphyxiated infants significantly decreased for 24 hours (P<0.05). No control infant ever had a RI value of 0.55 or below, three (42.9%) asphyxiated infants had a RI value of 0.55 or below. The changes of the systemic BP and heart rate were not significant. Two (28.6%) asphyxiated infants were proven periventricular white matter ischemia by ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: It is therefore very important to monitor RI in asphyxiated infants even if the degree of asphyxia is mild.
Asphyxia ; Blood Flow Velocity* ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infant* ; Ischemia ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Ultrasonography

The purpose of this study was to collect basic information for the development of information interchange infrastructure of health research and development library in Korea. Domestic data was collected via mail and telephone survey and site visit of information producing and distributing organizations and agencies in the health related field. Data was analyzed and tabulated using descriptive statistics. Research and development activities of the National Library of Medicine were examined using materials posted on the internet. Content of data was reviewed and summarized. It was found that we lack a standardized Korean medical subject headings for the medical librarians to refer when indexing an article written in Korean. And most of academic societies lack a standardized vocaburary system for their members to refer when wrting an article.
Abstracting and Indexing as Topic ; Humans ; Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems ; Internet ; Korea ; Librarians ; Medical Subject Headings ; National Library of Medicine (U.S.) ; Postal Service ; Telephone

Most of health care professional obtain and update their new knowledge and skills through continuing education. Nurses who works three shifts per day are not easy to attend continuing education session usually offered during their working hours. One of solutions to this problem would be to develop a education program which does not limit time and place. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a web-based continuing education program, to help nurse improve their knowledge of transfusion therapy and medical law, and to enhance their ability to contribute to the quality of patient care. A wide range of contents regarding transfusion therapy are covered extensively, concentration on principles of transfusion therapy and administration of whole blood and blood components, transfusion reactions. In the medical law, contents on Korean law in general, medical law, history of revision of medical law, nursing related medical laws are covered, Many color illustrations have been included to help nurses learning process. Each unit has a set of multiple choice questions to provide feedback to nurses. Two sets of questionnaires were used for this study. First, a questionnaire was administered to 21 nurses to collect information on their general characteristics, opinions of inservice and continuing education, and experiences of using computer and internet before they were exposed to the program. Second, another questionnaire was administered to 21 nurses after they were exposed to the program. They were asked to evaluate program in terms of its easiness of use, contents and ways of presenting contents, and usefulness of program for learning. The program generally was well received by the nurses. The program is a useful adjunct to the existing continuing education program. It also could be used in nursing student education and other health sciences.
Blood Group Incompatibility ; Delivery of Health Care ; Education* ; Education, Continuing ; Humans ; Internet* ; Jurisprudence ; Learning ; Multimedia* ; Nursing ; Patient Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing ; Teaching Materials*