No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Microbubbles*

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to find out what nurses wrote in narrative nursing notes. METHODS: Forty-six patients' nursing notes were analyzed based on the nursing process. Eight patterns were extracted depending on the different combinations of the nursing process components. RESULTS: Of the 8 patterns, assessment only pattern was the most frequent comprising 45.8% and assessment or diagnosis-intervention-outcome patterns accounted for 25.9% of the total nursing phrases. The content of nursing notes was also classified into 15 categories. Out of these 15 categories, nursing outcomes were recorded more frequently in nursing care mainly driven by doctor's order such as diseases related symptom management, insomnia care, respiratory care and pain control than in independent nursing care such as education and emotional care. According to the survey on nurses' attitude toward nursing record, nurses did not document nursing outcome as much as they reported they did. The main reasons for this discrepancy were insufficient time for recording and lack of knowledge about why, how and what to evaluate. CONCLUSION: Even though there is room for improvement, nursing notes can be used a source for nursing contribution to patient outcomes.
Education ; Humans ; Nursing Care ; Nursing Process* ; Nursing Records* ; Nursing* ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Thoracic Surgery*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of different isolation policies in reducing the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in hospital in-patients. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the effectiveness of an isolation policy on transmission of MRSA in the 745-beds hospital. First period, all patients with MRSA (March - July 2000) were not isolated Second period, strict isolation policies were performed (August 2000 - January 2002). All patients with MRSA were isolated in separated room, hand hygiene using alcohol handrub, gowning and g1oving, apply of MRSA notice sticker, criteria in isolation remove, separated disinfection and wastement. Third period, semi strict isolation policies were performed (February 2002 - August 2005). Some patients with MRSA were isolated in separated room and others were admitted in general ward for bed shortage. Only some practices were performed in hand washing and separated disinfection in general ward. RESULTS: The rates of MRSA nosocomial infection per patients during 1st, 2nd, and 3rd surveillance were reported 0.56, 0.23, and 0.42 (P<0.05). Patient-days rate of MRSA nosocomial infection during 1st, 2nd, and 3rd surveillance were reported 0.62, 0.27, and 0.38 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: With many different isolation policies, it was possible to reduce nosocomial infection of MRSA. In this study, strict isolation policies (2nd period) were the most effective practices in reducing MRSA infection.
Cross Infection ; Disinfection ; Hand Disinfection ; Hand Hygiene ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infection Control ; Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Patients' Rooms ; Prospective Studies

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on preventive child abuse program development. METHOD: Data were collected on 105 high-risk families of child abuse intervention was obtained from their main child rearer who raised the child under 18 years, olds during 10 months period from May, 2000 to March 2001. RESULT: The results were as follows : 1. Child abuse occurred in the subject's home, in the case of mild child abuse, 'throwing an object at the child' had the highest percentage 39.1%, in severe child abuse, 'rod, stick, belt, broom beating or using a variety of objects such as' had the highest percentage 49.5%, and in very severe child abuse, 'hospitalized by belting' had the highest percentage 3.8%. 2. The degree of child abuse potential showed high risk child abuse score with a mean of 213.3. The degree of beliefs in corporal punishment showed that subjects perceived corporal punishment of children positively with a mean of 32.2. 3. With respect to the child abuse potential, there were significant correlations with the subjects' age (r=.294, p=.002), education level (r=-.442, p=.000), and family income (r=-.355, p=.000). CONCLUSION: From this study not only child abuse occurrence but also child abuse potential were severely increased in poor livelihood families. Therefore to the high risk group, individual preventive approach must be applied.
Child ; Child Abuse ; Cytisus ; Education ; Humans ; Only Child ; Program Development ; Punishment

Background: Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is one of the well-known complication of spinal anesthesia. Epidural blood patch is the treatment of choice for PDPH but is rarely used for the prevention of PDPH after spinal anesthesia. The purpose of this study is to observe the effectiveness of epidural blood patch for prevention of PDPH and to evaluate the complications after epidural blood injection. Methods: Three hundred patients (ASA I or II) receiving spinal anesthesia were studied. They were randomly devided into two groups. Patients in Group I, the control group, were maintained in a supine position for 24 hour after spinal anesthesia. Patients in Group II, the study group, received 3 ml of autologous blood in the epidural space after spinal anesthesia. PDPH was evaluated for 5 days. The incidence, location, onset, and duration of headache in the patients presenting with PDPH were measured for 5 days, and the complications following epidural blood patch in Group II were observed for 2 weeks. Results: The incidence of PDPH in group I was 11%, but 0% in group II. There were no specific complications following epidural blood patch in Group II. Conclusions: This study suggest that the 3 ml epidural autologous blood patch is an useful method for the prevention of PDPH in patients with spinal anesthesia.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Blood Patch, Epidural ; Epidural Space ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Post-Dural Puncture Headache ; Punctures* ; Supine Position

No abstract available.
Infection Control* ; National Health Programs*

Most of health care professional obtain and update their new knowledge and skills through continuing education. Nurses who works three shifts per day are not easy to attend continuing education session usually offered during their working hours. One of solutions to this problem would be to develop a education program which does not limit time and place. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a web-based continuing education program, to help nurse improve their knowledge of transfusion therapy and medical law, and to enhance their ability to contribute to the quality of patient care. A wide range of contents regarding transfusion therapy are covered extensively, concentration on principles of transfusion therapy and administration of whole blood and blood components, transfusion reactions. In the medical law, contents on Korean law in general, medical law, history of revision of medical law, nursing related medical laws are covered, Many color illustrations have been included to help nurses learning process. Each unit has a set of multiple choice questions to provide feedback to nurses. Two sets of questionnaires were used for this study. First, a questionnaire was administered to 21 nurses to collect information on their general characteristics, opinions of inservice and continuing education, and experiences of using computer and internet before they were exposed to the program. Second, another questionnaire was administered to 21 nurses after they were exposed to the program. They were asked to evaluate program in terms of its easiness of use, contents and ways of presenting contents, and usefulness of program for learning. The program generally was well received by the nurses. The program is a useful adjunct to the existing continuing education program. It also could be used in nursing student education and other health sciences.
Blood Group Incompatibility ; Delivery of Health Care ; Education* ; Education, Continuing ; Humans ; Internet* ; Jurisprudence ; Learning ; Multimedia* ; Nursing ; Patient Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing ; Teaching Materials*

This study was alone to identify the meaning and the essence of the menopause experience by means of the Colaizzi's phenomenological method. The participants were eight women, 48-60 years old, who were experiencing perimenopause or postmenopause. They were selected using a theoretical sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews from April 6 to May 20, 1999. The interviews took from 40 to 90 minutes. Interviews were tape- recorded and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Significant statements from data were extracted. From these formulated meanings, 18 themes, 8 clusters of themes and 3 catagories were constructed. Final descriptions were found to be valid through the interviewee validation process. Essential themes of the menopausal experience which emerged were "coming of change", "inclined to deny the in mind", and "adapted life". Menopause, as coming of change was the turning point in the women's life cycle acompaning changes, in body and mind and marital life changes. Especially, the unpredictable menopausal changes were an opportunity to hide the fact of menopause and not to talk with anybody. Such a phenomenon reflected on the psychological attributes of menopausal woman such as an inclination to deny in the mind. Their experiences of menopause as adapted life were generally regarded as signalling the end of fertility and were interpreted as a natural developmental process that indicates a life transition. In conclusion, participants depicted the menopause as a natural stage in the life cycle. In order to help women have a positive life change and self accomplishment, nurses need to understand the essential themes of the menopausal experience. Thus, the importance of an open approach in eliciting the phenomena of menopause cannot be overemphasized. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that exercise program is one of the effective interventions to improve the self-efficacy and also to lower the fatigue in the sample of female college students.
Climacteric ; Fatigue ; Female ; Fertility ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages ; Menopause ; Perimenopause ; Postmenopause

PURPOSE: This descriptive study aimed to compare the perception of the acceptable foods for the neutropenic diet between nurses and patients by food type. METHODS: The participants were 225 nurses working at chemotherapy wards and 71 patients in chemotherapy treatment. Data were collected with a self-administered questionnaire from January 2 to February 24, 2012, and analyzed with SPSS 12.0 program using descriptive statistics and the chi2-test. RESULTS: Eighty-eight point eight percent of nurses and 76.1% of cancer patients thought the patients needed the neutropenic diets. The most important decisional criteria to determine dietary restriction was neutrophil count for nurses and food type for patients. The two groups showed significantly different allowance to raw fruits and raw vegetables, sterilized canned juice, fried vegetables, yogurt, uncooked tofu, salted fish, cooked fish, cooked shellfish, uncooked grain powder, jellified food, home-made bread/cookies, nuts including peanuts, instant coffee or tea and tea brewed. In general, patients were more permissive about the neutropenic diet than nurses. CONCLUSION: It is recommended to consider patients' preference as well as nurses' professional knowledge and publish standardized clinical diet guidelines for neutropenic patients with collaboration between nurses and patient representatives.
Arachis ; Edible Grain ; Coffee ; Cooperative Behavior ; Diet* ; Drug Therapy ; Fruit ; Humans ; Neutropenia ; Neutrophils ; Nuts ; Patient Advocacy ; Shellfish ; Soy Foods ; Tea ; Vegetables ; Yogurt

The proliferating trichilemmal cyst is a rare, usually benign tumor of external root sheath origin. About 90% of the cases gccur on the scalp, with the residual 10% occurring mainly on the back. More than 80% of the patients are women, most of whom are elderly. The cysts are commonly large, measuring up to 6 cm or more in diameter. A 33-year-old woman visited our department with a history of a matchhead- sized erythematous tender papule on her left knee that had been present for two years. A histopathological examination revealed a well-circumscribed, multilobulated cystic tumor with trichilemmal keratinization in the dermis. There were individual cell keratinization and focal calcification in some areas. This case was diagnosed as a proliferating trichilemmal cyst. This case was very unusual not only because the tumor occurred on the knee as a matchhead-sized papule but also because of her young age at presentation.
Adult ; Aged ; Dermis ; Female ; Humans ; Knee ; Scalp