No abstract available.
Pulmonary Embolism* ; Thrombosis*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Hypothermia*

No abstract available.

This study was a quasi-experimental study to confirm the effects of a memory training program. The purpose was to develop an effective memory training program for elderly people and to identify the effects of the memory training program. This study was carried out between February 25 and July 20. 1999 and the subjects of the study were 102 elderly people who were participants at a welfare institute in Seoul. The experimental group (51) and the control group (51) were assigned by means of participation order. The control group was matched to the experimental group and was selected considering age. sex. and religion. The experimental group participated in the memory training program. The memory training program was based on the literature of Fogler & Stern (1994), Wang & Lee (1990 J, Lee (1991) and Lee (1993). The memory training program was given twice a week for two weeks with each program lasting two hours Depression was measured using the Geriatric Depession Scale developed by Sheikh & Yesavage(1986) and memory self-efficacy was measured using the Memory Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Berry & Dennehey(1989). Data were analyzed by SPSS PC and the results are described below. 1. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed lower depression scores as compared to the control group (t=-4.310, P=.000) 2. The experimental group which participated in the Memory Training Program showed higher higher memory self-efficacy scores as compared to the control group(t=4.354, P= .000). 3. In the experimental group, there was significant negative correlation between the depression scores and memory self-efficacy scores. The results showed that the Memory Training Program is an effective nursing intervention for the elderly with depression and memory problems.
Aged ; Depression* ; Fruit ; Humans ; Learning* ; Memory* ; Nursing ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Apolipoproteins*

No abstract available.

Since the standard recommendation by the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group, day 2 and day 4 patch test readings have been performed by most dermatologists. However, nearly half of positive reactions can be observed only either on day 2 or on day 4 and the interpretation of these reactions is a problem. We compared the patch test reaction according to the reading time in 754 patients who had been performed patch test with standard battery and in 367 patients who had been performed patch test with various cosmetic allergens including cosmetics as is. The study result is summoized as follows : 1. Persistent reactions were observed in 59.8% patients tested with standard battery, however transient reactions were observed in 20.8% and delayed reaction in 19.4%. 2. Frequent allergens which showed transient reaction were carba mix, paraben mix, tego, imidazolidinyl urea, in order of frequency. Frequent allergens which showed late reactions were neomycin sulfate, quinidine mix, farmaldehyde, and imidazolidinyl urea. 3. Persistent reactions were observed in 47.1% patients. tested with cosmetics as is, however transient reactions were observed in 29.4% and delayed reactions in 23.5%, Facial skin care products showed the i,.st high positivity. 4. Persistent reactions were observed in 41.0% patients tested with cosmetics ingredients, however transient reactions were observed in 38.7% and delayed reactions in 23.0%. Frequent cosmetic allergens were cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic aldehyde, ylang ylang oil, sandawood oil, and benzyl salicylate. In conclusion, the reaction pattern in general was similar to the dats of others. However, the individual allergens showed transient reaction were somewhat different. Higher rate of transient reactions were observed in patch test positive reactions with cosmetic ingredients than standard battery and cosmetics as is.
Allergens ; Cananga ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Humans ; Neomycin ; Patch Tests* ; Quinidine ; Reading ; Skin Care ; Urea

No abstract available.
Mitral Valve*

Port-wine stains (PWSs) are benign congenital vascular malformations that most commonly occur as isolated lesions on the face, neck and trunk. The major indication for therapy in most patient, regardless of age, is psychological burden imposed by the PWSs. A Candela SPTL-1 flashlamp-pumped pulsed dy laser (Candela Corp. Wayland, Mass.) using the principle of selective photothermolysis was used. Selective cutaneous vascular damages are influenced by the wavelength. pulse duration and energy density of the laser. To evaluate histopathological changes according to energy densities are essential to treat cutaneous benign vascular lesion by the iaser. 5 patients with PWSs were treated with the Candela SPTL-1 laser. Lesions were biopsied and analized immediately after laser exposure. 2 days and 7 days after laser exposure. The results were as follows : 1. Depth of penetration The penetration depth was increased from .2mm to 1.9mm with energies ranging from 6J/cm(2) to 10J/cm(2) respectively. 2. Nonvascular damages of epidermis & dermis Focal epidermal vacuolization has been observed in biopsy specimens immediately after laser exposure with energy density 6J/cm(2). As energy densities increased from 6J/cm(2) to 10J/cm(2), histopathological changes got worsened with appearance of vesicles. subepi dermal seperations and epidermal necrosis. 2. Vascular damages of dermis Multiple foci of agglutinated RBC, fibrin and platelet thrombi within the dermal blood vessels have been observed in biopsy specimens immediately after laser exposure. There was a pattern of "acute vasculitis" in the upper dermis and a prominent perivascular neutrophilic responses in the mid-dermis 2 days after laser exposure. Dermal vessels with smaller lumen and granulation tissue have been observed in biopy specimens 7 days after laser exposure. In summary, penetration depth of laser beam and nonvascular epidermal and dermal damages were directly proportional ot the energy density of the laser. But 7 days after laser exposure, epidermis and dermis showed normal appearance without detectable scarring. This study suggested that Candela SPTL-1 laser is safe and has no scar formation on the treatment of PWSs.
Biopsy ; Blood Platelets ; Blood Vessels ; Cicatrix ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Fibrin ; Granulation Tissue ; Humans ; Neck ; Necrosis ; Neutrophils ; Port-Wine Stain* ; Vascular Malformations