It has been well known that variable complications oecur in multiple organs in chronic renal failure patients. Of them gastrointestinal complications are also variable including nausea, vomiting, gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatitis, pancreatitis, telangiectasia, angiody- splasia etc. Of such complications the incidence of peptic ulcer had been known to be high, but after endoscopic study, the incidence of nonulcer mueosal lesion has been more common. So we evaluated tbe upper gastrointestinal mucosal lesion in chronic renal failure patients by endoscopic examination. 129 subjects(mean age, 42 years, creatinine clearance ratio<10 ml/min) participated in this study. After overnight fasting the subjects were premedicated with simethicon and benoxinate. The mucosal lesion was diagnosed by two endoscopists with observing the TV monitor of electronic endoscope Fujinon EVG-FP. Of the 129 patients, 78 patients(76%) were revealed to abnormal endoscopic finding. Of the abnormal findings, the incidence of gastritis was most common in 34.9%, and then gastic erosion, duodenal erosion, gastric petechiae, gastric telangiectasia, duodenitis, gastric ulcer, gastric xanthoma, esophageal erosion, duodenal ulcer, esophageal uicer in orders. There was no difference in abnormal finding according to therapeutic type. From our study, we conclude that the incidence of nonulcer mucosal lesion is higher than ulcer disease in chronic renal failure patient, moreover those lesion can be diagnosed only by endoseopy. So we think that upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is necessory for evaluation of upper gastrointestinal tract in chronic renal failure patient.
Creatinine ; Duodenal Ulcer ; Duodenitis ; Endoscopes ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Fasting ; Gastritis ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Nausea ; Pancreatitis ; Peptic Ulcer ; Purpura ; Stomach Ulcer ; Telangiectasis ; Ulcer ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ; Vomiting ; Xanthomatosis

BACKGROUND: Direct access flow measurements are considered the most useful surveillance method for significant stenosis, and ultrasound dilution has become the most popular and validated technique. The goal of this study was to evaluate access flow (Qa) at the time of first cannulation and its relationship to the survival of vascular access in Korean hemodialysis patients. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study from May 2004 to June 2011. We enrolled 60 patients (36 men) who underwent the first access operation between January 2004 and December 2005 and were followed-up for surveillance. RESULTS: Maturation failure occurred in nine patients (15%). Mean time to first use was 1.8+/-1.2 months after surgery. The patients were followed-up for a mean of 50.5+/-25.9 months. There were 25 deaths and six kidney transplants in patients with a functioning access. The total percutaneous transluminal angioplasty incidence was 50 in 27 patients (0.14/access-year). The initial Qa was 757.5+/-476.4 mL/minute. First cannulation time was not significantly correlated with initial Qa (r=0.234, P=0.075). A total of 22 of the 60 patients (36.7%) had an initial Qa<500 mL/minute. Maturation failure, initial Qa<500 mL/minute, and the use of antiplatelet agents were risk factors for poor primary patency. Diabetic status and use of a graft were risk factors for low cumulative patency. CONCLUSION: An initial Qa<500 mL/minute is a risk factor for poor primary patency, while an initial Qa<500 mL/minute is not a risk factor for low cumulative patency or mortality.
Angioplasty ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Catheterization ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Prospective Studies ; Renal Dialysis ; Risk Factors ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the health status and nutritional condition of children living in a low-income community through anthropometric, laboratory evaluation. METHODS: A community-based survey identified children below 15 years living in a low-income community. Their weight, height, visual acuity, hearing level and dental status were measured. Blood sample were obtained on June and July, 2004. Hemoglobin, serum cholesterol, Hepatitis B antigen/antibody, AST and ALT were measured. RESULTS: A total of 285 students(M:F=141:144) aged 6 to 14 years were included in this study. The heights and weights in some grades were smaller than controls. The prevalence of obesity was 10.6 percent in males and 10.7 percent in females. The prevalence of abnormal visual acuity, hearing impairments and dental carries were 20.5 percent, 0.3 percent and 69.4 percent. The prevalence of anemia was 10.1 percent. Serum total cholesterol was over 200 mg/dL in 7 percent. They complained of abdominal pain(22.1 percent) and headache(17.1 percent). Hyperthyroidism, cataract, neurofibromatosis, severe atopic dermatitis, ventricular septal defect, strabismus and inguinal hernia were newly diagnosed. CONCLUSION: Mean heights and weights of children in the low-income community were smaller than controls. The prevalence of abnormal visual acuity, hearing impairment and dental carries were higher than in the 2003 national health survey. Additional research is needed to evaluate the health status of the low-income community.
Anemia ; Cataract ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Hepatitis B ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Male ; Neurofibromatoses ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Strabismus ; Visual Acuity ; Weights and Measures

The esophageal lymphoma is a very rare feature among gastrointestinal lymphoma, and there was no surgical report in Korea. A 62-year-old male patient with submucosal tumor detected on routine esophagoscopy had resection of tumor including the esophageal mucosa, which was confirmed as esophageal lymphoma. As the severe leakage was detected on esophagogram on post-op 7th day, esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy was followed. Though adjuvant chemotherapy was not performed, there were no evidence of recurrence for 1 year follow up. We experienced a patient with esophageal lymphoma and reported with brief review of literature.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Esophagectomy ; Esophagoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymphoma* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; Recurrence

The purpose of this study was to obtain basic data of nutrition education for obese children and to examine food habits, food behaviors, and nutrition knowledge. A convenience sample of 84(male:62, female:22) obese children was selected from "98 Children Nutrition Camp". The survey design employed a structured questionnaire. The results of this study were summarized as follows. 1. The percentage of the subjects who overestimated their body weight was higher in female compared to male. Only 35.9% of highly-obese subjects considered them as 'very fat'. The experience of weight control was higher in female than in male, and it was also higher moderately- or highly-obese subjects compared to mildly obese. 2. 64.3% of subjects reported that they regularly eat breakfast. The percentage of the subjects who indicated that they eat at regular meal time or they eat very irregularly was highest in the highly-obese subjects. 3. 34.5% of subjects reported that they eat very fast. The eating speed was slower in female compared to male, and in obese subjects. 55.4% of subjects reported that didn't eating out. 4. 80.9% of subjects had snacks, and most of them had snack between lunch and dinner. The reason the subjects eat snack was hunger. The most favorite snack was cookies. 5. The most preferred and distasteful food was meats(32.1%) and vegetables(67.1%), respectively. 6. The score of food behaviors was relatively low in most subjects. 7. The level of nutrition knowledge was in order of fair(83.1%), poor(9.6%), excellent(7.3%), and was higher in male compared to female. Consequently the results of this study showed to disagreement among food habits, food behaviors and nutrition knowledge, and feel keenly the necessity of education connecting of these. This education had to be practical education to change food behaviors.
Body Weight ; Breakfast ; Child* ; Eating ; Education ; Female ; Food Habits* ; Gyeongsangnam-do* ; Humans ; Hunger ; Lunch ; Male ; Meals ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Snacks

The acardiac twin, or twin reversal of arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is encountered in approximately 1% of monozygotic twins with an incidence of one in 35,000 births. The problem results from vascular anastomoses between the arterial and venous circulation of normal "pump" twin and that of recipient "perfused" acardiac twin. The recipient twin may display severe and lethal anomalies, including acardia and acephalus. The pump twin is structurally normal. Mortality of about 50-75% in cases without treatment is due to heart failure, prematurity or cord entanglement. We report a case of acardiac twin diagnosed by ultrasound prenatally.
Heart Failure ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Parturition ; Perfusion ; Twins, Monozygotic ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: To identify the normal range of factors which can be measured with Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA, Reichert Inc., Depew, NY, USA) in normal Korean, and to analyze factors affecting ORA by measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) of noncontact tonometer (NCT) and central corneal thickness (CCT). METHODS: Three hundred and one normal Korean subjects who did not have specific ophthalmological diseases and surgeries in the past were recruited for this study. Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal response factor (CRF), corneal-compensated IOP (IOPcc), and Goldmann correlated IOP (IOPg) were measured using ORA. In addition, IOP of NCT and CCT were measured and the results and factors analyzed. RESULTS: The mean CH measured among normal Korean subjects in this study was 10.70 mmHg. The mean CRF was 10.40 mmHg. CH and CRF were significantly higher in the juvenile group. IOPcc and IOPg as measures of IOP using the ORA had significant correlation with IOP of NCT. In particular, IOPcc appeared to be independent of CCT. CONCLUSIONS: CH and CRF were different according to age, indicating a difference in biomechanical properties of the cornea. In particular, IOPcc is more important as it is independent of corneal thickness and should be compensated in general measurements of IOP reflecting biomechanical properties.
Cornea ; Intraocular Pressure ; Reference Values

PURPOSE: This study was to verify the effect of muscle strengthening exercises using a Thera-Band on the lower limbs. METHODS: The design utilized for this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. A control group (16) and experimental group (16) were selected from stroke patients of K Oriental Medicine Hospital who were hospitalized for 5 months from December 2005 through April 2006. While only acupuncture therapy and physical therapy were used on the control group, acupuncture, physical therapy and additional muscle strengthening exercises using a red thera band were used on the experimental group. Muscle strengthening was performed 20 minutes per session, more than one session a day for 4 weeks. Hypotheses for this study were verified using Two-way repeated ANOVA and ANCOVA using a pre test score as a covariate. RESULTS: The experimental group with thera band muscle strengthening exercises showed a decrease in asymmetry weight loading percentage(F=14.704, P= .010), range of knee (Z=-3.15, P= .001) & deep tendon reflex score(Z=-2.52, P= .012) and moving performance(F=12.328, P= .001)compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: It is confirmed that muscle strengthening exercises using a Thera-Band can be used as an effective nursing intervention to improve the function of the lower limb of hemiplegic stroke patients.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Exercise Therapy/*methods ; Female ; Hemiplegia/*therapy ; Humans ; Knee Joint/physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Strength/physiology ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Stroke/*therapy

BACKGROUND: The processing of emotional visual stimulation involves the processing of emotional and visuoperceptual information. It is not completely revealed how the valence and arousal affect these two aspects. The objective was to investigate the effects of valence and arousal on spatiotemporal characteristics of cortical information processing using distributed source imaging of event-related current density (ERCD). METHODS: Electroencephalograms (64 channels) were recorded from 19 healthy men while presenting affective pictures. Distributed source localization analysis was adopted to obtain the spatiotemporal pattern of ERCD on cortical surface in response to emotional visual stimulation. A nonparametric cluster-based permutation test was used to find meaningful time and space without prior knowledge. RESULTS: Significant changes of ERCD in 400–800 ms among positive, negative, and neutral emotional conditions were found in left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and right inferior temporal cortex (ITC). In the PCC, the stimuli with higher arousal levels showed more negative ERCD than neutral stimuli. In the ITC, the ERCD for negative stimuli was significantly more negative than those of positive and neutral ones. CONCLUSION: Arousal and valence had strong influence on memory encoding and visual analysis at late period. The location and time showing significant change in neural activity according to arousal and valence would provide valuable information for understanding the changes of cortical function by neuropsychiatric disorders.
Arousal ; Automatic Data Processing ; Electroencephalography ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Humans ; Male ; Memory ; Photic Stimulation ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Temporal Lobe