Delayed emergence of speech or language are frequent causes for concern about development during early childhood. Delay in evaluation and proper management until school entry in more likely to result in frustration, anxiety and school failure. Many language disturbances and their attendant behavior disorders respond to intensive language therapy. Authors analyzed the medical records of 52 children with delayed language development evaluated during 30 months from January 1986 through June 1988. The results were as follows: 1. The majority of cases were evaluated at the age of 2-2.9 year old (16 cases, 30.8%) and 3-3.9 year old (11 cases, 21.2%) 2. Male to female ratio was 3:1 3. The most common cause was mental retardation (53.8%), followed by developmental language disorder (23.1%) and autism (13.5%) 4. The most common associated condition was dysarticulation (17.3%), followed by strabismus (9.6%) and seizures (7.7%) 5. Special education was recommended in cases of 23 (44.2%), speech therapy in 12 cases (23.1%) and consultation to child psychiatry in 7 cases (13.5%) Making diagnosis of underlying disorders in not simple because assessment of intelligence in young children in difficult and only a few tests are standardized. More detailed study on children with delayed language development and development of psychometric tests for handicapped children are necessary, especially in Korea.
Anxiety ; Autistic Disorder ; Child Psychiatry ; Child* ; Clinical Study* ; Diagnosis ; Disabled Children ; Education, Special ; Female ; Frustration ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Intelligence ; Korea ; Language Development Disorders ; Language Development* ; Language Therapy ; Male ; Medical Records ; Mental Disorders ; Psychometrics ; Seizures ; Speech Therapy ; Strabismus

The purpose of the survey was to identify the degree and the relationship of sexual knowledge, sexual attitude. This information will provide useful data for a more systematic, desirable, and practical sex education. The data was collected from 187 first grade schoolchildren(95 boys and 92 girls) of two Junior high school in Chun-nam area. The data was gathered by questionnaire from Oct. 1 to 15, 1996. The questionnaire was modified by authors using the questionnaire developed by You-Jeong, Han(1996). Data was analyzed by using the statistical computer package, SAS to manipulate the data long with percentages, means, standard deviation, t-test, chi2-test, GLM, and Pearson correlation coeffiency. The results in this study were summarized as follows : 1. Sex related knowledge. - The mean score of sex related knowledges showed significant differences between boys and girls(boys ; 22.3, girls ; 21.0, p<0.025), and in the area of pregnancy & delivery(boy ; 9.4, girls ; 7.9, P<0.000) showed significant difference between boys and girls, but in the area of physical differences of the others sex(boys ; 12.9, girls ; 13.1, p<0.551) showed no significant difference between boys and girls. 2. Sex related attitudes. - The mean score of sex related attitudes showed significant difference between boys and girls(boys ; 56.7, girls : 60.5, p<0.002) and in the area of psychological difference the other sex(boys : 28.9, girls : 32.5, p<0.000), but in the areas of form of friendship with the other sex(boys : 11.5, girls : 11.2, p<0.335), sexual delinquency & its prevention(boys : 16.3, girls : 16.9, p<0.171) showed no significant difference between boys and girls. 3. The relationships between sex related knowledges and sex related attitudes. - Those who had higher sex related knowledges showed more positive attitudes towards sex, and showed no statistical significance(r=0.08, p<0.286). 4. Differences of the sex related knowledges according to general characteristics. - The students had disease experience, health interest and more school performance had higher knowledge scores about sex. 5. Differences of the sex related attitudes according to general characteristics. - Those who were in high school performance had higher attitude scores about sex as well.. From the result of the study, it is recommended to develop systematic sex education through formal school education according to age.
Adolescent* ; Education ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Sex Education ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE:This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship with other clinicopath ologic factors and prognostic significance of tumor microvessel density in colorectal car cinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 71cases of primary colorectal carcinoma (Modified Astler-Coller stage B and C) were analysed retrospectively who underwent curative resection at Wonkwang university hospital from September, 1991 to September, 1993. Male was 39cases. Age under 60 years was 31cases. 5 year survival rates were 80% (50 cases) in stage B and 52.4% (21 cases) in stage C. Tumor microvessels were stained by immuno histochemical method using anti-CD31 on paraffine embedded tissues, and were counted within 10x objective field (about 0.74 mm2) in the area of the most intense neovascu larization. RESULTS: Mean microvessel Density (MVD) was 56.3+/-18.0 (range 19~128). MVD was 55.2 in 11 cases of nonrecurrent group and 73.5 in 10 cases of recurrent group in stage C (p=0.012). There was no significant association between MVD and other parameters such as age, sex, tumor location and size, CEA, lymph node metastasis, and survival. The 5 year survival rates of 33 cases of MVD< or =56 and 38 cases of MVD>56 were 84.9 and 60.5% respectively(p<0.05). 5 year survival rates of MVD< or =56 groups adjusted for age, sex, tumor location, differentiation, and recurrence were higher than those of >56 groups. 5 year survival rates of MVD < or =56 and >56 groups in stage C were 100% (5 cases) and 37.5% (16 cases) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION:Tumor microvessl density may have somewhat prognostic significance in colorectal carcinoma.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Microvessels* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

We experienced two cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia(CAH), complicated by true precocious puberty with early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in a boy and a girl. The boy was diagnosed as CAH at 8 years of age, when he showed pseudoprecocity with adrenal rest tumor. The girl was diagnosed at neonate, when she showed ambiguous genitalia and salt-losing symptom. They developed precocious puberty during steroid treatment. Clinically they showed precocity, advanced bone age, and decreased predicted adult height, even though they showed partial gonadotrophin response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) stimulation test. They were treated with LHRH analogue(leuprolide depot) resulting no further progression of precocity.
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital* ; Adrenal Rest Tumor ; Adult ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Puberty, Precocious*

The vestibular system is a sensory motor system concerned with the sensation of linear or angular acceleration, eliciting several vestibular postural reflexes. This study was designed to figure out the functional relationship in vestibulocollic reflex. The electromyographic responses of the cervical muscles were observed during stimulation of the horizontal semicircular canal nerves. The sternomastoid muscle was inhibited by stimulation of the ipsilateral horizontal canal nerve and excited by stimulation of the contralateral horizontal canal nerve. The splenius capitis muscle was inhibited by stimulation of the ipsilateral horizontal canal nerve and excited by stimulation of the contralateral canal nerve. The semispinalis capitis revealed same pattern responses as splenius capitis or sternomastoid muscles to stimulation of the horizontal canal nerve. These experimental results indicate that the cervical extensor or flexor muscles respond in a uniform fashion to the stimulated horizontal canal nerve. And taken these results and other morphological study results together, the excitatory neural pathways from the vestibular nucleus in brain stem to cervical motoneurons are crossed to the opposite side but the inhibitory pathways from the nucleus to the cervical motoneurons are uncrossed.
Acceleration ; Animals ; Brain Stem ; Cats* ; Muscles ; Neck Muscles* ; Neck* ; Neural Pathways ; Paraspinal Muscles ; Reflex ; Semicircular Canals* ; Sensation

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by infection with E. multilocularis metacestode, represents one of the most fatal helminthic diseases. AE is principally manifested with infiltrative, proliferating hepatic mass, resembling primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Sometimes metastatic lesions are found in nearby or remote tissue. AE diagnosis largely depends on imaging studies, but atypical findings of imaging features frequently require differential diagnosis from other hepatic lesions. Serological tests may provide further evidence, while obtaining reliable AE materials is not easy. In this study, alternative antigens, specific to AE were identified by analyzing E. granulosus protoscolex proteins. An immunoblot analysis of E. granulosus protoscolex showed that a group of low-molecular-weight proteins in the range from 14 kDa to 16 kDa exhibited a sensitive and specific immune response to AE patient sera. Partial purification and proteomic analysis indicated that this protein group contained myosin, tubulin polymerization promoting protein, fatty-acid binding protein, uncharacterized DM9, heat shock protein 90 cochaperone tebp P-23, and antigen S. When the serological applicability of recombinant forms of these proteins was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, DM9 protein (rEgDM9) showed 90.1% sensitivity (73/81 sera tested) and 94.5% specificity (172/181 sera tested), respectively. rEgDM9 showed weak cross-reactions with patient sera from the transitional and chronic stages of cystic echinococcosis (3 to 5 stages). rEgDM9 would serve as a useful alternative antigen for serodiagnosis of both early- and advanced-stage AE cases.

Decubitus ulcer is often seen in the skin and underlying tissue of debilitated or immobilized patients as the result of prolonged pressure and impaired circulation. It manifests chiefly as an ulcer over bony prominences, but tumefaction is an extremely unusual presentation. A 53-year old male, a paralytic of the lower extremity for 18 years, developed a recurrent decubital ulcer despite repeated surgical repair, from which a rapidly growing, large fungating mass grew within a month. The last resected mass was bosselated and measured 15x9x3 cm with a major area of cicatrix-like induration, interdigitated with skeletal muscle bundles at the central area. Microscopically, the mass was composed of an upper half of active granulation tissue layer and a deeper half of dense, poorly cellular, fibrocollagenous bundles admixed with florid proliferation of atypical fibroblasts, but the absence of mitosis and the multifocal admixture of active inflammatory process-granulation tissue formation seemed to help exclude genuine fibromatosis, nodular fasciitis or proliferative myositis. We assume that this rapidly growing pseudofibromatosis is an additional manifestation of a prolonged decubitus ulcer, possibly related to the modified reparative process of decubitus ulcer following repeated excisions, for which we propose a term of decubitoma.

No abstract available.
Child* ; Drug Therapy* ; Graves Disease* ; Humans ; Receptors, Thyrotropin* ; Thyroid Function Tests* ; Thyroid Gland*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Critical Care*

No abstract available.
Thyroid Diseases* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Vitiligo*