No abstract available.

Bacterial heat shock protein has been one of the components that are responsible to induce autoimmune disease mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis due to high level of homology in sequence with human counterpart. This mechanism may explain how bacterial infectious disease, such as periodontal disease, might contribute to the acceleration of the disease process of atherosclerosis. Porphyromonas gingivalis which is a major periodontal pathogenic bacterial species, has been implicated as one of the pathogenic bacteria playing the role in this context. The present study has been performed to evaluate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of adoptive transfer of Porphyromonas gingivalis heat shock protein epitope-specific T cell lines into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Peptide no. 15 with amino acid sequence VKEVASKTNDspecific T cell line was selected for the transfer. When experimental atherosclerosis was induced in SCID mice adoptively transferred either by the T cell lines (experimental group) or by non-specific mouse T cells (control group), there was no significant difference in the severity and extent of the atherosclerosis induced by hypercholesterol diet.
Acceleration ; Adoptive Transfer* ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Atherosclerosis* ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Bacteria ; Cell Line ; Communicable Diseases ; Diet ; Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Hot Temperature* ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, SCID* ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontitis ; Porphyromonas gingivalis* ; Porphyromonas* ; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency ; T-Lymphocytes*

OBJECTIVE: Forced eruption has been proposed for the reconstruction of deficient bone and soft tissue. The aim of this study was to examine the changes in the alveolar ridge width and the vertical levels of the interproximal bone and papilla following forced eruption. METHODS: Patients whose hopeless maxillary anterior teeth were expected to undergo severe bone resorption and soft tissue recession upon extraction were recruited. In addition, patients whose maxillary anterior teeth required forced eruption for restoration due to tooth fracture or dental caries were included. Before and after forced eruption, the interproximal bone height was measured by radiographic analysis, and changes in the alveolar ridge width and the interproximal papilla height were measured with an acrylic stent. RESULTS: This prospective study demonstrated that the levels of the interproximal alveolar bone and papilla were significantly increased by 1.36 mm and 1.09 mm, respectively, in the vertical direction. However, the alveolar ridge width was significantly reduced by an average of 0.67 mm in the buccolingual direction. The changes in the level of the interproximal alveolar bone and papilla were positively correlated. CONCLUSIONS: Although the levels of the interproximal bone and papilla were significantly increased, the alveolar ridge width was significantly decreased following forced eruption. There was a modest positive and significant correlation between the changes in the height of the interproximal alveolar bone and the papilla. Based on our findings, modification of vertical forced eruption should be considered when augmentation of the alveolar ridge width is required.
Alveolar Process* ; Bone Resorption ; Dental Caries ; Humans ; Orthodontic Extrusion* ; Prospective Studies ; Stents ; Tooth ; Tooth Fractures ; Tooth Movement

No abstract available.
Biofilms* ; Fusobacterium nucleatum* ; Fusobacterium* ; Porphyromonas gingivalis* ; Porphyromonas*

Necrotizing periodontal diseases, especially acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG), it should be noted, occur abruptly and progress rapidly, eventually causing severe soft-tissue and alveolar bone loss. This report presents the cases of two ANUG patients and provides a brief treatment protocol for easy and effective clinical management. After proper diagnosis, sequential treatment with cessation of mechanical brushing, along with a prescription of systemic antibiotics and chlorhexidine as a mouth rinse, scaling, root planing, and supportive periodontal therapy, was utilized. In all cases discussed in this report, there was marked improvement in a few days. ANUG, though an uncommon disease, can be efficiently managed with proper diagnosis and immediate treatment.
Alveolar Bone Loss ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chlorhexidine ; Clinical Protocols ; Dental Scaling ; Diagnosis* ; Gingivitis ; Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative* ; Humans ; Mouth ; Periodontal Diseases ; Prescriptions

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to define the immunoreactive specificity of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) heat shock protein (HSP) 60 in periodontitis and atherosclerosis. METHODS: In an attempt to define the cross-reactive bacterial heat-shock protein with human self-antigen at molecular level, we have introduced a novel strategy for cloning hybridoma producing anti-P. gingivalis HSP 60 which is polyreactive to bacterial HSPs or to the human homolog. RESULTS: Five cross-reactive clones were obtained which recognized the #19 peptide (TLVVNRLRGSLKICAVKAPG) among 37 synthetic peptides (20-mer, 5 amino acids overlapping) spanning the whole molecule of P. gingivalis HSP 60. We have also established three anti-P. gingivalis HSP 60 monoclonal antibodies demonstrating mono-specificity. These clones recognized the #29 peptide (TVPGGGTTYIRAIAALEGLK). CONCLUSIONS: Peptide #19 and #29 of P. gingivalis HSP 60 might be important immunoreactive epitopes in the immunopathogenic mechanism of bacterial antigen-triggered autoimmune diseases.
Amino Acids ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Chaperonin 60 ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Epitopes ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Humans ; Hybridomas ; Peptides ; Periodontitis ; Porphyromonas ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of root planing on the reduction of probing pocket depth and the gain of clinical attachment depending on the pattern of bone resorption (vertical versus horizontal bone loss) in the interproximal aspect of premolar teeth that showed an initial probing pocket depth of 4-6 mm. METHODS: In this study, we analyzed 68 teeth (15 from the maxilla and 53 from the mandible) from 32 patients with chronic periodontitis (17 men and 15 women; mean age, 53.6 years). The probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level at all six sites around each tooth were recorded before treatment to establish a baseline value, and then three months and six months after root planing. RESULTS: The reduction in interdental pocket depth was 1.1 mm in teeth that experienced horizontal bone loss and 0.7 mm in teeth that experienced vertical bone loss. Interdental attachment was increased by 1.0 mm in teeth with horizontal bone loss and by 0.7 mm in teeth with vertical bone loss. The reduction of probing pocket depth and the gain of clinical attachment occurred regardless of defect patterns three and six months after root planing. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of pocket depth and gain in the clinical attachment level were significantly larger in horizontally patterned interproximal bone defects than in vertical bone defects.
Alveolar Bone Loss ; Bicuspid ; Bone Resorption* ; Chronic Periodontitis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; Periodontal Pocket ; Root Planing* ; Tooth

The atrophy of edentulous ridge and pneumatization of the maxillary sinus often limit the volume of bone available for implant placement on maxillary posterior teeth. Most clinicians suffer difficulties from poor bone quality and quantity on maxillary posterior site. Thus, the success of maxillary posterior implant surgery depends on the increase of the available bone and obtaining a good initial stability of the implant after maxillary sinus reconstruction. The maxillary sinus augmentation methods include a crestal approach and a lateral approach. Less morbidity and complications after operation is major advantage to sinus augmentation using crestal approach than lateral approach. However, when the residual ridge height is ≥ 6 mm, it is known that crestal approach is appropriate. Also delayed implantation after sinus augmentation is recommended in severely atrophic ridge. We present the three cases of implant placement simultaneously sinus augmentation using crestal approach in posterior maxilla site with ≤ 3 mm of residual alveolar bone.
Alveolar Bone Grafting ; Atrophy ; Dental Implants ; Maxilla* ; Maxillary Sinus ; Molar ; Tooth

PURPOSE: After extraction, the alveolar bone tends to undergo atrophy in three-dimensions. The amount of alveolar bone loss in the horizontal dimension has been reported to be greater than the amount of bone loss in the vertical dimension, and is most pronounced in the buccal aspect. The aim of this study was to monitor the predictive alveolar bone level following the extraction of anterior teeth seriously involved with advanced chronic periodontitis. METHODS: This study included 25 patients with advanced chronic periodontitis, whose maxillary anterior teeth had been extracted due to extensive attachment loss more than one year before the study. Periapical radiographs were analyzed to assess the vertical level of alveolar bone surrounding the edentulous area. An imaginary line connecting the mesial and the distal ends of the alveolar crest facing the adjacent tooth was arbitrarily created. Several representative coordinates were established in the horizontal direction, and the vertical distance from the imaginary line to the alveolar crest was measured at each coordinate for each patient using image analysis software. Regression functions predicting the vertical level of the alveolar bone in the maxillary anterior edentulous area were identified for each patient. RESULTS: The regression functions demonstrated a tendency to converge to parabolic shapes. The predicted maximum distance between the imaginary line and the alveolar bone calculated using the regression function was 1.43+/-0.65 mm. No significant differences were found between the expected and actual maximum distances. Likewise, the predicted and actual maximum horizontal distances did not show any significant differences. The distance from the alveolar bone crest to the imaginary lines was not influenced by the mesio-distal spans of the edentulous area. CONCLUSIONS: After extraction, the vertical level of the alveolar ridge increased to become closer to the reference line connecting the mesial and distal alveolar crests.
Alveolar Bone Loss ; Alveolar Process ; Atrophy ; Chronic Periodontitis ; Humans ; Periodontitis* ; Tooth Extraction ; Tooth* ; Vertical Dimension

PURPOSE: Epitope spreading is a phenomenon in which distinct subdominant epitopes become major targets of the immune response. Heat shock protein (HSP) 60 from Porphyromonas gingivalis (PgHSP60) and peptide 19 from PgHSP60 (Pep19) are immunodominant epitopes in autoimmune disease patients, including those with periodontitis. It remains unclear whether Pep19 is a dominant epitope in subjects without periodontitis or autoimmune disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the epitope spreading pattern and verify Pep19 as an immunodominant epitope in healthy teenagers using dot immunoblot analysis. The patterns of epitope spreading in age-matched patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM) and healthy 20- to 29-year old subjects were compared with those of healthy teenagers. METHODS: Peptide from PgHSP60, Mycobacterium tuberculosis HSP60 (MtHSP60), and Chlamydia pneumoniae HSP60 (CpHSP60) was synthesized for comparative recognition by sera from healthy subjects and patients with autoimmune disease (type 1 DM). Dot immunoblot analysis against a panel of peptides of PgHSP60 and human HSP60 (HuHSP60) was performed to identify epitope spreading, and a densitometric image analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Of the peptide from PgHSP60, MtHSP60, and CpHSP60, PgHSP60 was the predominant epitope and was most consistently recognized by the serum samples of healthy teenagers. Most sera from healthy subjects and patients with type 1 DM reacted more strongly with PgHSP60 and Pep19 than the other peptides. The relative intensity of antibody reactivity to Pep19 was higher in the type 1 DM group than in the healthy groups. CONCLUSIONS: Pep19 is an immunodominant epitope, not only in autoimmune disease patients, but also in healthy young subjects, as evidenced by their robust immunoreactivity. This result suggests that the Pep19-specific immune response may be an initiator that triggers autoimmune diseases.
Adolescent* ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Autoimmunity ; Chlamydophila pneumoniae ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Epitopes ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Humans ; Immunodominant Epitopes ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Peptides ; Periodontitis ; Porphyromonas gingivalis* ; Porphyromonas*