Free jejunum has always been a good choice for circumferential hypopharynx and cervical esophagus reconstruction with a low complication rate. Although more and more flaps were used in recent years, free jejunum is still considered as the first choice for such defect.
Esophagoplasty ; Esophagus ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypopharynx ; surgery ; Jejunum ; surgery ; Neck ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Surgical Flaps

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases and public health problems. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) can rapidly, effectively and sustainably improve glycemic control in morbidly obese patients with T2DM. However, the mechanisms of glycemic control after RYGB are still unclear now. Duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) is an improved RYGB sparing intact stomach, which is mainly used to investigate the mechanisms of RYGB to treat T2DM. DJB has also been used to treat non-obese T2DM patients. In the present article, we review the results and mechanisms of DJB to treat T2DM on the basis of the previous studies to further elucidate the mechanisms of RYGB in the management of T2DM.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; surgery ; Duodenum ; surgery ; Gastric Bypass ; Humans ; Jejunum ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo report the newly developed reconstruction technique after laparoscopic total gastrectomy: intracorporeal circular stapling esophagojejunostomy using the transorally inserted anvil (OrVil; Covidien), and evaluate its feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes.

METHODSAfter LTG (3 patients with gastric carcinoma in the body) or LPG (2 patients with gastric carcinoma in the cardiac and fundus, respectively, and 1 with cardiac stromal tumor), the anvil was then inserted transorally into the esophagus by using the OrVil system. Double-stapling esophagojejunostomy or esophagogastrostomy with a circular stapler was performed intracorporeally.

RESULTSThe operations were uneventful. The operative time was (183.3+/-25.8) min, and blood loss was (128.3+/-90.2) ml. Postoperative fluorography revealed no anastomotic leakage or stenosis. Patients resumed an oral liquid diet on postoperative day (4.0+/-1.1), and were discharged on day (9.0+/-2.6). Patients were followed at 28 days and no complications were reported.

CONCLUSIONSLTG with Roux-en-Y reconstruction or LPG with esophagogastrostomy using the OrVil system appear to be safe and reliable with satisfactory short-term outcomes.

Anastomosis, Surgical ; Esophagus ; surgery ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Gastric Stump ; surgery ; Humans ; Jejunum ; surgery ; Laparoscopy

With the development of instrument, equipment and surgical skills, especially the emergence of a series of high-level medical evidence, the laparoscopic techniques in the field of gastric surgery has been further expanded. Totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy (TLTG) has certain technical difficulties, and more challenges are reflected in the digestive tract reconstruction. The use of linear staplers has reduced the difficulty of digestive tract reconstruction to a certain extent and has strongly promoted the transition from laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy to TLTG. However, for TLTG, there are still many details that should be carefully concerned, so as to effectively avoid the surgical pitfalls and ensure the fluency and safety of the procedure. In this article, we discuss the surgical details based on our own experiences, including how to obtain surgical field exposure well, how to manage specific accidents when using linear stapler for esophagojejunostomy, how to prevent intra-abdominal hernias and Roux stasis syndrome, and how to prevent the stapled lines of the esophageal or jejunal stumps from direct contact with aorta.
Anastomosis, Surgical/methods* ; Gastrectomy/methods* ; Humans ; Jejunum/surgery* ; Laparoscopy/methods* ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery*

Anastomosis, Surgical ; Gastrectomy/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Jejunum/surgery* ; Laparoscopy ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery*

OBJECTIVETo find an ideal reconstruction method after total gastrectomy.

METHODSWith 12 healthy persons as control, a total of 120 gastric cancer patients received their digestive tract reconstruction after total gastrectomy were randomized into Roux-en-y esophagojejunostomy group (A), P pouch with Roux-en-y esophagojejunostomy group (B), Hunt-Lawrence esophagojejunostomy group (C), and jejunal interposition esophagojejunostomy group (D). After operation, quality of life, prognosis nutrition index (PNI), body weight, serum nutritional parameters, gastrointestinal hormone level and immunological state were evaluated.

RESULTSThe quality of life, PNI, body weight and serum nutritional parameters (SI, TS and Hb) were better in group D than those in groups A, B and C (P < 0.05). The cholecystokinin (CCK) level and NK cell, CD(4)(+) cell, CD(8)(+) cell and CD(4)/CD(8) ratio in group D, being similar to the control group, were significantly higher than groups A, B and C (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONModified jejunal interposition esophagojejunostomy is a reasonable reconstruction method. The construction of "P" pouch, reserving foods as the stomach, can preserve the duodenal passage and secretion of the gastrointestinal hormones, which results in better digestion of the food and absorption of the nutrients. This method simplifies the operation and guarantee the blood supply of interpositioned jejunum without causing ischemia at the anastomotic orifice.

Esophagus ; surgery ; Gastrectomy ; Gastrins ; blood ; Humans ; Jejunum ; surgery ; Prospective Studies ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Stomach Neoplasms ; immunology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo explore the techniques of esophagogastrostomy or esophagojejunostomy in the mediastinum through the abdomen and hiatus after extended proximal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy.

METHODSFrom May 2010 to January 2012, 15 patients with esophagogastric junction carcinoma underwent open transhiatal extended gastrostomy or total gastrectomy. After full mobilization, the anvil was reversely introduced into the esophagus and the esophagus was transected with curved stapler. The rod of the anvil was then pulled out with a stitch to complete esophagogastrostomy after proximal gastrectomy(n=9) or esophagojejunostomy after total gastrectomy(n=6).

RESULTSThe anastomosis was successfully performed in all the patients. The mean operation time was(185.5±13.1) min. The mean operation time for anastomosis was(42.0±8.6) min. The mean estimated blood loss was (106.7±34.9) ml. The proximal resection margin was(4.4±1.2) cm. All the margins were negative for residual cancer. There was no postoperative death or fistula. During the follow up, there was one case of anastomotic stenosis which was successfully managed by endoscopic balloon dilatation.

CONCLUSIONSEsophagogastrostomy or esophagojejunostomy can be safely performed with double stapling technique including reverse anvil introduction and curved stapling transection of the esophagus. It is an ideal technique for anastomosis after extended gastrectomy for esophagogastric junction carcinoma.

Aged ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Esophagogastric Junction ; Esophagus ; surgery ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Jejunum ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility, safety, and preliminary technical experience of single incision plus one port laparoscopic total gastrectomy combined with π-shaped esophagojejunal anastomosis (SILT-π) in the surgical treatment of gastric cancer.

METHODSClinical data of 5 gastric cancer patients undergoing SILT-π operation at the Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University from August to October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. A 2.5-3.0 cm incision around the umbilicus was made for placing the gloveport as the passage for the lens, and the instruments of the surgeon and the assistant. Another operative port was placed in the left upper quadrant with a 12-mm Trocar for the passage of the energy device, the endoscopic cutting closure, as well as the postoperative drainage tube. A D2 lymph node (LNs) dissection was regularly conducted. After the abdominal esophagus was routinely mobilized, a side-to-side esophagus-jejunum anastomosis was made through a gastric pre-pulling esophagojejunal π-shaped anastomosis. The transection was then performed with a ligation on the cardia (or esophagus above the upper margin of the tumor) using a sterilized hemp rope in order to better expose the abdominal esophagus. Throughout the course of reconstruction, the ligature rope was held by the assistant to hold down the esophagus to allow easier esophagojejunal anastomosis. A hole was then made on the posterior wall of the esophagus, between 2 cm and 3 cm above the ligature rope, and another hole was made at the anti-mesenteric border of the jejunum 40 cm distal to the Treitz ligament. A side-to-side esophagojejunal π-shaped anastomosis was performed through two holes. An entry hole was formed after the anastomosis. After checking the anastomosis, this entry hole was closed through an intestinal mesenteric hole pre-made on its opposite side. The resected esophagus and stomach, together with the afferent loop jejunum, were simultaneously transected above the level of the entry hole by a stapler from the Trocar of the left upper abdominal quadrant. After the gloveport was closed, a side-to-side jejunojejunostomy anastomosis applied with another two staples was performed between the afferent loop stump and the roux limb 30 cm below the esophagojejunal anastomosis.

RESULTSThese five patients were all male, and aged (56.8±8.2) years with preoperative clinical stage cT2-4N0-2M0. All the 5 patients underwent SILT-π operation successfully. The average length of surgical incision was (2.9±0.2) cm. The average operation time was (396.0±36.1) minutes. The intraoperative blood loss was (140.0±66.7) ml. Postoperative pathology showed proximal and distal margins were (2.6±1.1) cm and (8.7±2.5) cm apart respectively, and the average number of retrieved lymph node was 25.8±7.2. Perioperative management was based on enhanced recovery following surgical (ERAS) principles. The average time to the first flatus was (2.6±0.5) days, and the average time to defecation was (3.6±0.5) days. The pain score on postoperative day 1 was 1-2, and the average postoperative hospital stay was (7.0±0.7) days. No perioperative complications occurred.

CONCLUSIONSSILT-π procedure is safe and feasible for patients with gastric cancer, and has positive short-term outcomes, satisfactory cosmetic abdominal incision, light postoperative abdominal pain and rapid postoperative recovery. Preliminary observations show that SILT-π procedure has good potential for clinical application in future.

Aged ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Esophagus ; surgery ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Jejunum ; surgery ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery

Laparoscopic techniques are more and more poplular in proximal gastrectomy. The traditional esophagogastric anastomosis may lead to severe reflux esophagitis after surgery, affecting patient's quality of life. In recent years, multiple methods of digestive tract reconstruction after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy capable of resisting reflux have been applied to the clinic. Combining the results of the latest clinical studies and our clinical experience, we elaborate the views on digestive tract reconstruction after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy. Esophagogastric anastomosis (posterior esophagogastric anastomosis, anterior esophagogastric anastomosis, gastric tube reconstruction, lateral esophagogastric anastomosis, Kamikawa anastomosis and modified Kamikawa anastomosis, etc.) and esophagojejunal anastomosis (interposition jejunum, interposition jejunum with pouch, and double-channel anastomosis, etc.) are mainly discussed. Of course, the anti-reflux mechanisms of different surgical procedures are not the same, the anti-reflux effects are variable, and the surgical difficulties under laparoscopy are also different. Therefore, how to choose a rational reconstruction method after proximal gastrectomy needs to be comprehensively considered based on patient's own situation and technical level of the surgeons.
Anastomosis, Surgical/methods* ; Esophagitis, Peptic/surgery* ; Gastrectomy/methods* ; Humans ; Jejunum/surgery* ; Laparoscopy ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery*

BACKGROUNDThe ideal post-gastrectomy reconstruction procedure should maintain the normal digestive function and restore intestinal transit to improve the patient quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of integral continual jejunal interposition after subtotal gastrectomy on the nutritional status, glucose levels, and gastric-intestinal motility.

METHODSThe study investigated the effects of the integral continual jejunal interposition, the Billroth I and Billroth II operations, and the isolated jejunal interposition following subtotal distal gastrectomy on the blood glucose, insulin, routine blood parameters, liver function, and myoelectrical activity in Beagle dogs.

RESULTSThe weights of the dogs decreased during the first post-operative weeks. Dogs in the integral continual jejunal interposition, Billroth I, and Billroth II groups gained significantly more weight by 8 weeks. The prognosis nutrition index of the dogs decreased in the first 2 post-operative weeks and increased significantly by 4 weeks in the integral continual jejunal interposition and Billroth I groups. The group with duodenal exclusion (Billroth II) had significantly higher glucose levels compared to the normal control group. The insulin curve was much higher in dogs that underwent the Billroth I, continual jejunal interposition, and isolated jejunal interposition than the Billroth II and normal groups. The frequencies of fasting and postprandial jejunal pacesetter potentials (PPs) were greater in the continual jejunal interposition and Billroth I groups than that in the isolated jejunal interposition and Billroth II groups. The percentage of aboral propagation of PPs was greater in the continual jejunal interposition group than the Billroth I, isolated jejunal interposition, and Billroth II groups.

CONCLUSIONContinual jejunal interposition after subtotal gastrectomy avoids jejunal transection, maintains the duodenal passage and food storage bags, and reduces the influence of blood glucose and insulin.

Animals ; Dogs ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Gastroenterostomy ; methods ; Jejunum ; pathology ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods