No abstract available.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop a resilience training program for nurses and test its effects. METHODS: A non-equivalent experimental group and a control group pretest-posttest study design was used with 56 participating nurses (28 nurses in the experimental group and 28 nurses in the control group). The resilience training program was provided to participants for 4 weeks from August 12 to September 4, 2013. Each session was scheduled for two hours per week. Participants completed the tools for resilience, positive affect, and perceived stress assessment. Data were analyzed using χ² test, Independent t-test, and 2*2 repeated measures multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: Application of the resilience training program significantly helped nurses enhance their resilience and positive affect to workplace adversity, and reduce their perceived stress. There were significant positive differences for these variables in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the resilience training program for nurses is effective and can be used as an intervention for a stress management guide for nurses.
Education* ; Multivariate Analysis

New insights in the pathophysiology of stroke have been developed in the past few years. The progress in this area has led the development of diagnostic devices and new treatments. No specific therapy has proven efficacious in treating acute ischemic stroke, because of major differences between animal models and human stroke, the heterogeneity of stroke pathogenesis, and the lack of consensus on stroke management in each subtypes of stroke. A good general management is an important factor for the better prognosis than specific therapy in different types of stroke. General management of stroke includes cardiac and pulmonary care, metabolic maintenance, blood pressure control, and prevention of bedsores and phlebitis. Thrombolytic therapy, anticoagulation and antiplatelet agent therapy are kinds of specific therapies in acute ischemic stroke. It has to be emphasized that patients be referred early. In animal studies, focal ischemic insult requires 3-4 hours to progress to cerebral infarction. Six hours after onset of stroke has been arbitrarily defined as the limit to initiate reperfusion on positron emission tomography in human. The entry of calcium into the cells via receptor-mediated membrane channels is an important factor in ischemic neuronal death. Oxygen free radical is an another factor in the ischemic damage. Calcium channel antagonists and scavengers of oxygen free radicals will have beneficial roles to prevent ischemic neuronal injury.
Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Calcium ; Calcium Channels ; Cerebral Infarction ; Consensus ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Ion Channels ; Models, Animal ; Neurons ; Oxygen ; Phlebitis ; Population Characteristics ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Pressure Ulcer ; Prognosis ; Reperfusion ; Stroke* ; Thrombolytic Therapy

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Thoracic Surgery*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although pain resulting from thalamic stroke was described by D jerine & Roussy in 1906, its pathomechanism & anatomical substrate have not been defined yet. Several clinical & experimental studies suggest that laterality of lesion for generation of central pain is as important as location of lesion. We performed this study to evaluate clinical features of thalamic pain syndrome, including incidence, onset interval from stroke, nature, distribution, accompaniments, and to assess the relationships between laterality & location of lesion and occurrence of pain. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records and brain imaging of all patients with thalamic stroke from 1990 to 1997. Patients with thalamic pain syndrome due to a single well-demarcated thalamic stroke were included, and excluded tumoral, non-vascular etilogy, and patients with sensory deficit without pain and excluded patients who had multiple cerebral lesions even they have thalamic pain syndrome. RESULTS: One-hundred one cases were selected under the inclusion criteria, and twenty-four patients(24%) with thalamic pain syndrome were identified from 101 thalamic stroke. Pain onset within the first week poststroke was 17(71%). The patients with allodynia were 8(33%), increased by movement, stress, and thermal contact. The painful area distributed mainly limbs(50%), especially arm(35%), face plus hemibody(34%), and hemibody below face(8%). Thalamic pain syndrome accompanied with the pain and temperature loss was 17(71%). Thirteen patients had a right-sided lesion, 11 left-sided lesion. The lesion causing thalamic pain syndrome mainly located in the posterolateral areas(75%). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the thalamic pain syndrome resulting from mainly posterolateral thalamic lesion cause the spontaneous pain on the contralateral body, especially upper extrimity, and accompanied with pain & tempterature loss. The laterality of lesion is not represent for generation of thalamic pain syndrome. Key word : thalamic stroke, central pain.
Humans ; Hyperalgesia ; Incidence ; Medical Records ; Neuroimaging ; Stroke*

The accurate site of occlusion and flow dynamics in the internal carotid artery (ICA) obstruction, that were not visualized on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and cerebral angiography (CA), was estimated in three patients using the findings of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transcranial Doppler (TCD). Flow void was shown from the proximal to C1 portion of right ICA on MRI and forward flow in the right ophthalmic artery (OA) was detected on TCD of the first patient. In second patient, high signal intensities at the proximal portion of the left ICA were detected on MRI and away flow from the probe was noted in the left OA on TCD. Flow voids were not shown from the proximal to distal portion of left ICA on MRI of the third patient. No blood flow was detected in the left OA and ICA on TCD in this patient. We can estimate the accurate site of the obstruction, proximal, distal, and entire portion of ICA, in each patient using MRI and TCD.
Carotid Artery, Internal* ; Cerebral Angiography ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Ophthalmic Artery

BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme in the processing of triglycerides and plays a central role in lipid metabolism. It has been reported that the polymorphisms in the LPL gene were associated with plasma concentra-tions of HDL cholesterol (HDL) and triglycerides (TG) in coronary heart disease. We evaluated the correlation between the LPL gene polymorphisms and blood lipids in ischemic stroke patients. METHODS: Ninety-six ischemic stroke patients and 88 controls were included in the study. We evaluated polymorphic sites in the LPL gene using the HindIII for the intron 8 and PvuII for the intron 6 to the polymerase chain reaction products in each group. Allele frequencies, polymorphism information contents (PIC), heterozygosity indices of HindIII and PvuII polymorphisms were calculated in each group. Correlations of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, TG, and LDL cholesterol levels in the serum with the HindIII and PvuII polymorphisms of the LPL gene were analyzed in each group. RESULTS: The H+ frequencies, 0.786 and 0.752, in the stroke and control groups respectively. The P+ frequencies were 0.623 and 0.710 in stroke and control groups respectively. No significant difference was observed in triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the HindIII and PvuII polymorphisms in LPL gene may not be associated with the occurrence of ischemic stroke.
Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Coronary Disease ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Introns ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipoprotein Lipase* ; Lipoproteins* ; Plasma* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stroke* ; Triglycerides

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction having multigene control. Correlation with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype in MG had been reported in sporadic and familial cases. We investigated HLA genotype of two myasthenic brothers, at ages 13 and 15 years old. There was no family history of myasthenia gravis. Their ages of onset were 10 and 15 years of age, respectively. Identical subtypes in HLA analyses were found, A30, A31, B13, B61, Cw3, Cw6, DRB1*04, DRB1*07, DQA1*02, DQA1*03, DQB1*03, DQB1*02 in both of them. We report two myasthenic siblings with identical HLA type that has not been reported previously.
Adolescent ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Genotype* ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Neuromuscular Junction ; Siblings*

We report clinical characteristics of seven members in a family with hyper kalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP). Duration of periodic paralysis were noted for 3 to 7 days in adult patients, but for 20 to 45 minutes in children with the disease. The paralysis were usually appeared after severe exercise, pregnancy, heavy watermelon intake, and exposure to cold. Adult patients experienced paramyotonic phenomenon, when they exposed to cold. The paralysis were relieved after continuous movement, when they felt a weakness in extremities after exercise. Appearance and aggravation of symptoms were correlated with increased potassium levels in the blood on provocation tests for HYPP. The potassium levels increased within the upper limit of normal range except one patient. The increased potassium levels fell to previous level, when the paralysis was improved. The number of onset and duration of symptoms were decreased after medication with acetazolamide 250 mg a day.
Acetazolamide ; Adult ; Child ; Citrullus ; Extremities ; Humans ; Paralysis ; Paralysis, Hyperkalemic Periodic* ; Potassium ; Pregnancy ; Reference Values

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation model on resilience of breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. METHODS: Participants were 204 patients with breast cancer who received chemotherapy treatment. They participated in a structured interview, which included social support, depression, symptom experience, self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and infection prevention behaviors. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 20.0 and AMOS 18.0. RESULTS: Lower depression (γ=-.33, p=.020) and symptom experience (γ=-.31, p=.012) and higher self-efficacy (γ=.32, p=.005) and hope (γ=.48, p=.016) were influenced by higher social support. Greater resilience was influenced by lower symptom experience (β=-.18, p=.016), higher self-efficacy (β=.49, p=.023), and higher hope (β=.46, p=.012), and these predictors explained 66.7% of variance in resilience. Greater resilience (β=.54, p=.009) made an impact on greater infection prevention behaviors. Resilience mediated the relations of symptom experience (β=-.10 p=.013), self-efficacy (β=.27, p=.006) and hope (β=.25, p=.009) with infection prevention behaviors. These predictors explained 24.9% of variance in infection prevention behaviors. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study suggest that breast cancer patientsw ith greater resilience who are receiving chemotherapy participate in increased infection prevention behaviors. Further research should be conducted to seek intervention strategies that improve breast cancer patients' resilience.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Depression ; Drug Therapy* ; Hope ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Resilience, Psychological